USH Unit 6
J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of this, the program to develop an atomic bomb for the United States.
The Manhattan Project
WWI reason for American entry
The interception of the Zimmerman Note, Russia's withdrawal from the war, and relentless German submarine attacks
Why did President Franklin Roosevelt create the Office of War Mobilization?
To centralize agencies dealing with war production
Nature of WWII
Total War
Weapons/Military tactics of WWI
Trench warefare
(T/F) A plan to convince the Japanese to surrender by demonstrating the power of the atomic bomb was shelved because of fears that the bomb might fail to explode
True
(T/F) Allied strategists concentrated first on confronting the Germans
True
(T/F) At the peak of war production in 1945, 19 million women were employed in the U.S.
True
(T/F) By 1943, allied leaders were aware of the Nazi concentration camps, but did little to help refugees escape from German occupied Europe or rescue those held in the concentration camps.
True
(T/F) In July 1941, Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the U.S., placed an embargo on oil, and banned trade with Japan after they invaded Indochina.
True
(T/F) In order to avoid involvemnet in growing world conflicts, Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts, but in 1939 Roosevelt was advocating all actions "short of war" to stop the spread of fascism.
True
(T/F) Nazi racial atrocities and black participation in war effort prompted whites to reexamine the treatment of blacks in America
True
(T/F) Once at war the with U.S., Germany unleashed submarines on U.S. ships and was destroying more ships during the first year of war than the U.S. was producing
True
(T/F) Roosevelt was able to help the British war effort in 1940 and overcome isolationist opposition by trading U.S. destroyers for access to British military bases.
True
(T/F) Scientific developments during WWII contributed to a 3-year increase in life expectancy and a 1/3 drop in infant mortality in the U.S.
True
(T/F) The Nye Report blamed U.S. involvement in WWI on bankers and arms dealers.
True
(T/F) The war prompted an overall increase in the income of workers in America
True
(T/F) To encourage businesses to convert to war production and expand its capacity, the U.S. government provided generous incentives and removed some corporate restrictions.
True
(T/F) Problems for women in the workforce during the war included lower pay than male workers, a belief that they were temporary replacements, and a lack of childcare for working mothers.
True``
Who led the battle and victory over Italy?
U.S. under General Patton
What happened with Union membership?
Union membership rose
Home projects that raised one third of the nation's vegetables
Victor Gardens
He was the wartime Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Winston Churchill
This wartime allied conference was viewed by conservative critics as a give-away to the Soviets because FDR and Churchill agreed to allow the Soviets to install a pro-communist regime in Poland
Yalta Conference
The federal government initiated the bracero program during WWII in an effort to
address the urgent need for agricultural laborers
With respect to finding better jobs, the war years marked a period of ___ for African Americans.
decline
Truman's main reason in deciding to drop the atomic bomb was to
end the war and save American lives
what happened with wages?
higher wages
The problem of ___ was targeted by the Office of Price Administration.
inflation
U.S. strategy in the Pacific with slowly took territory, suffering huge casualties
island hopping
Congress passed Neutrality Acts that were designed to
limit international involvement
What happened with jobs?
more jobs
The meetings at Yalta and Potsdam were focused upon
postwar issues
What three war techniques weakened German u-boats?
sonar, convoys, and long-range sub-hitting aircraft
What were four ways of financing the war?
through higher taxes, borrow banks, investors, and the public
Henry Kaiser contributed to wartime production by
using mass production techniques to build liberty ships
This program would provide arms to countries vital to the defense of the U.S.
"Lend-Lease" Program
Time frame of WWI
1914-1918
Time frame of WWII
1939-1945
The Selective Training and Service Act required military service registration for all males between the ages of
21 and 36
What country did Italy invade in 1935?
Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
What U.S. isolationist group wanted to block all aid to Great Britain?
America First Committee
This August 1941 document drafted by FDR and Churchill laid out the ideological foundation of the anti-axis cause.
Atlantic Charter
Lend-Lease Act (1941)
Authorized the President to give aid to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. security; allowed goods to Great Britain then Soviet Union
Allied adversaries of WWII
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan
What battle ended the invasion of USSR by Germany with Soviet Victory?
Battle of Stalingrad
Weapons/military tactics of WWII
Blitzkreig
They were Mexican laborers brought into the U.S. to relieve labor shortages in agriculture
Braceros
Who pushed the Axis powers out of North Africa?
British and other allied troops
Allied adversaries of WWI
Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
This organization, founded in 1942, sought desegregation of public facilities through non-violent direct action based on the model of Gandhi's struggle in India
Congress of Racial Equality or CORE
Nature of WWI
Conventional
This major allied offensive began on June 6, 1944.
D-Day invasion of Normandy
The date of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
African Americans called for victory over the Axis as well as victory over racial discrimination in this 1942 Civil Rights Campaign
Double V Campaign
When forced to abandon the Philippines, __ made the vow, "I shall return"
Douglas MacArthur
He was the Supreme Commander of Allied troops in Europe and the executor of the D-day invasion.
Dwight Eisenhower
Italy invaded this country in 1935 in an attempt at becoming an imperialist world power.
Ethiopia
Location of WWII
Europe, Asia, and North Africa
This banned discrimination in defense industries and government.
Executive order 8802
(T/F) "Use it up, wear it out, make it do or do without" referred to lower salaries during the war.
False
(T/F) One theory on why the atomic bombs were used involved U.S. intimidation of Great Britain.
False
(T/F) President Roosevelt consider Japan's activities in the Pacific to be more dangerous than the threat posed by Germany, but he was concerned about a possible two-front war.
False
(T/F) The Battle of Midway resulted in Japan reclaiming the initiative in the Pacific War.
False
(T/F) The Italian campaign in the European theater of war was swift and very successful
False
(T/F) The U.S. loosened its immigration restrictions in order to allow the Jewish refugees aboard the St. Louis to enter the country and escape death at the hand of the Nazis.
False
(T/F) The one flagrant example of intolerance was the relocation of German Americans to internment camps
False, Japanese
(T/F) After the seconds atomic bomb was dropped, this time on Tokyo, the Japanese finally surrendered.
False, Nagasaki
What country fell to Germany in June of 1940?
France
Who led the U.S. military troops in Europle
General Dwight Eisenhower
He was the commander of U.S. land forces in the Pacific
General McArthur
WWII Reasons for American entry
German imperialism and Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
What is considered the beginning of WWII?
German invasion of Poland
What country invaded the Soviet Union in 1941?
Germany
V-E Day, or May 8, 1945, was the day when ___.
Germany surrendered
He represented the U.S. at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945. It was at that meeting that decisions were made regarding the prosecution of Nazi leaders for war crimes.
Harry S. Truman
Henry Wallace was dropped from the Democratic ticket in 1944 due to his liberalism. He was replaced by this man, referred to as "the new Missouri Compromise."
Harry S. Truman
Which of the following leaders didn't attend the Yalta Conference?
Harry S. Truman
He was that intractable prime minister of Japan who planned an attack on the U.S. if the Americans did not yield to Japanese demands
Hideki Tojo
Where did the United States drop the atomic bomb?
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Who were the three dictators that rose to power in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union?
Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin
This was the term for the U.S. strategy of capturing only key islands in the drive toward Japan.
Island hopping
When was D-Day?
June 6, 1944
This Supreme Court Case upheld the relocation of Japanese to internment camps
Korematsu v. U.S.
What ruled that discrimination against Japanese Americans was constitutionally legal by forcing them into internment camps?
Korematsu v. U.S.
What area did Japan invade in 1931?
Manchuria
Location of WWI
Mostly Europe
This wartime agency arbitrated labor disputes and stabilized wages
National War Labor Board
These Americans served as "code talkers" and the radiomen in the Marines
Navajo
The Allied invasion of __ was given the code name D-Day
Nazi-occupied Europe
What U.S. Act banned the sale of weapons to warring nations?
Neutrality Act 1935
What U.S. Act banned loans to warring nations?
Neutrality Act 1936
What U.S. act permitted cash and carry?
Neutrality Act of 1937
What was the peace agreement between Germany and the USSR?
Non-Aggression Pact
The first American ground fighting against the Germans took place here in 1942.
North Africa
What agency was created to run a propaganda effort for the war?
Office of War Information (OWI)
Former Supreme Justice James Byrnes was the "economic czar" in charge of this wartime government agency which coordinated production and distribution of supplies.
Office of War Mobilization
These were Hispanic gang members in Los Angeles that were viewed by white servicemen as delinquents and draft dodgers. Their distinctive outfits were referred to as "zoot suits".
Pachucos
She was symbolic of the female defense worker who accounted for 1/3 of all workers in the aircraft and shipbuilding industries on the Pacific Coast
Rosie the Riveter
When did Hitler invade Poland?
September 1, 1939
