USH Unit 6

J. Robert Oppenheimer was the director of this, the program to develop an atomic bomb for the United States.

The Manhattan Project

WWI reason for American entry

The interception of the Zimmerman Note, Russia's withdrawal from the war, and relentless German submarine attacks

Why did President Franklin Roosevelt create the Office of War Mobilization?

To centralize agencies dealing with war production

Nature of WWII

Total War

Weapons/Military tactics of WWI

Trench warefare

(T/F) A plan to convince the Japanese to surrender by demonstrating the power of the atomic bomb was shelved because of fears that the bomb might fail to explode

True

(T/F) Allied strategists concentrated first on confronting the Germans

True

(T/F) At the peak of war production in 1945, 19 million women were employed in the U.S.

True

(T/F) By 1943, allied leaders were aware of the Nazi concentration camps, but did little to help refugees escape from German occupied Europe or rescue those held in the concentration camps.

True

(T/F) In July 1941, Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the U.S., placed an embargo on oil, and banned trade with Japan after they invaded Indochina.

True

(T/F) In order to avoid involvemnet in growing world conflicts, Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts, but in 1939 Roosevelt was advocating all actions "short of war" to stop the spread of fascism.

True

(T/F) Nazi racial atrocities and black participation in war effort prompted whites to reexamine the treatment of blacks in America

True

(T/F) Once at war the with U.S., Germany unleashed submarines on U.S. ships and was destroying more ships during the first year of war than the U.S. was producing

True

(T/F) Roosevelt was able to help the British war effort in 1940 and overcome isolationist opposition by trading U.S. destroyers for access to British military bases.

True

(T/F) Scientific developments during WWII contributed to a 3-year increase in life expectancy and a 1/3 drop in infant mortality in the U.S.

True

(T/F) The Nye Report blamed U.S. involvement in WWI on bankers and arms dealers.

True

(T/F) The war prompted an overall increase in the income of workers in America

True

(T/F) To encourage businesses to convert to war production and expand its capacity, the U.S. government provided generous incentives and removed some corporate restrictions.

True

(T/F) Problems for women in the workforce during the war included lower pay than male workers, a belief that they were temporary replacements, and a lack of childcare for working mothers.

True``

Who led the battle and victory over Italy?

U.S. under General Patton

What happened with Union membership?

Union membership rose

Home projects that raised one third of the nation's vegetables

Victor Gardens

He was the wartime Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Winston Churchill

This wartime allied conference was viewed by conservative critics as a give-away to the Soviets because FDR and Churchill agreed to allow the Soviets to install a pro-communist regime in Poland

Yalta Conference

The federal government initiated the bracero program during WWII in an effort to

address the urgent need for agricultural laborers

With respect to finding better jobs, the war years marked a period of ___ for African Americans.

decline

Truman's main reason in deciding to drop the atomic bomb was to

end the war and save American lives

what happened with wages?

higher wages

The problem of ___ was targeted by the Office of Price Administration.

inflation

U.S. strategy in the Pacific with slowly took territory, suffering huge casualties

island hopping

Congress passed Neutrality Acts that were designed to

limit international involvement

What happened with jobs?

more jobs

The meetings at Yalta and Potsdam were focused upon

postwar issues

What three war techniques weakened German u-boats?

sonar, convoys, and long-range sub-hitting aircraft

What were four ways of financing the war?

through higher taxes, borrow banks, investors, and the public

Henry Kaiser contributed to wartime production by

using mass production techniques to build liberty ships

This program would provide arms to countries vital to the defense of the U.S.

"Lend-Lease" Program

Time frame of WWI

1914-1918

Time frame of WWII

1939-1945

The Selective Training and Service Act required military service registration for all males between the ages of

21 and 36

What country did Italy invade in 1935?

Abyssinia (Ethiopia)

What U.S. isolationist group wanted to block all aid to Great Britain?

America First Committee

This August 1941 document drafted by FDR and Churchill laid out the ideological foundation of the anti-axis cause.

Atlantic Charter

Lend-Lease Act (1941)

Authorized the President to give aid to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. security; allowed goods to Great Britain then Soviet Union

Allied adversaries of WWII

Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, and Japan

What battle ended the invasion of USSR by Germany with Soviet Victory?

Battle of Stalingrad

Weapons/military tactics of WWII

Blitzkreig

They were Mexican laborers brought into the U.S. to relieve labor shortages in agriculture

Braceros

Who pushed the Axis powers out of North Africa?

British and other allied troops

Allied adversaries of WWI

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire

This organization, founded in 1942, sought desegregation of public facilities through non-violent direct action based on the model of Gandhi's struggle in India

Congress of Racial Equality or CORE

Nature of WWI

Conventional

This major allied offensive began on June 6, 1944.

D-Day invasion of Normandy

The date of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941

African Americans called for victory over the Axis as well as victory over racial discrimination in this 1942 Civil Rights Campaign

Double V Campaign

When forced to abandon the Philippines, __ made the vow, "I shall return"

Douglas MacArthur

He was the Supreme Commander of Allied troops in Europe and the executor of the D-day invasion.

Dwight Eisenhower

Italy invaded this country in 1935 in an attempt at becoming an imperialist world power.

Ethiopia

Location of WWII

Europe, Asia, and North Africa

This banned discrimination in defense industries and government.

Executive order 8802

(T/F) "Use it up, wear it out, make it do or do without" referred to lower salaries during the war.

False

(T/F) One theory on why the atomic bombs were used involved U.S. intimidation of Great Britain.

False

(T/F) President Roosevelt consider Japan's activities in the Pacific to be more dangerous than the threat posed by Germany, but he was concerned about a possible two-front war.

False

(T/F) The Battle of Midway resulted in Japan reclaiming the initiative in the Pacific War.

False

(T/F) The Italian campaign in the European theater of war was swift and very successful

False

(T/F) The U.S. loosened its immigration restrictions in order to allow the Jewish refugees aboard the St. Louis to enter the country and escape death at the hand of the Nazis.

False

(T/F) The one flagrant example of intolerance was the relocation of German Americans to internment camps

False, Japanese

(T/F) After the seconds atomic bomb was dropped, this time on Tokyo, the Japanese finally surrendered.

False, Nagasaki

What country fell to Germany in June of 1940?

France

Who led the U.S. military troops in Europle

General Dwight Eisenhower

He was the commander of U.S. land forces in the Pacific

General McArthur

WWII Reasons for American entry

German imperialism and Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

What is considered the beginning of WWII?

German invasion of Poland

What country invaded the Soviet Union in 1941?

Germany

V-E Day, or May 8, 1945, was the day when ___.

Germany surrendered

He represented the U.S. at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945. It was at that meeting that decisions were made regarding the prosecution of Nazi leaders for war crimes.

Harry S. Truman

Henry Wallace was dropped from the Democratic ticket in 1944 due to his liberalism. He was replaced by this man, referred to as "the new Missouri Compromise."

Harry S. Truman

Which of the following leaders didn't attend the Yalta Conference?

Harry S. Truman

He was that intractable prime minister of Japan who planned an attack on the U.S. if the Americans did not yield to Japanese demands

Hideki Tojo

Where did the United States drop the atomic bomb?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Who were the three dictators that rose to power in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union?

Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin

This was the term for the U.S. strategy of capturing only key islands in the drive toward Japan.

Island hopping

When was D-Day?

June 6, 1944

This Supreme Court Case upheld the relocation of Japanese to internment camps

Korematsu v. U.S.

What ruled that discrimination against Japanese Americans was constitutionally legal by forcing them into internment camps?

Korematsu v. U.S.

What area did Japan invade in 1931?

Manchuria

Location of WWI

Mostly Europe

This wartime agency arbitrated labor disputes and stabilized wages

National War Labor Board

These Americans served as "code talkers" and the radiomen in the Marines

Navajo

The Allied invasion of __ was given the code name D-Day

Nazi-occupied Europe

What U.S. Act banned the sale of weapons to warring nations?

Neutrality Act 1935

What U.S. Act banned loans to warring nations?

Neutrality Act 1936

What U.S. act permitted cash and carry?

Neutrality Act of 1937

What was the peace agreement between Germany and the USSR?

Non-Aggression Pact

The first American ground fighting against the Germans took place here in 1942.

North Africa

What agency was created to run a propaganda effort for the war?

Office of War Information (OWI)

Former Supreme Justice James Byrnes was the "economic czar" in charge of this wartime government agency which coordinated production and distribution of supplies.

Office of War Mobilization

These were Hispanic gang members in Los Angeles that were viewed by white servicemen as delinquents and draft dodgers. Their distinctive outfits were referred to as "zoot suits".

Pachucos

She was symbolic of the female defense worker who accounted for 1/3 of all workers in the aircraft and shipbuilding industries on the Pacific Coast

Rosie the Riveter

When did Hitler invade Poland?

September 1, 1939