Vascular Registry Review
The brachial artery courses down the upper arm, ending about _(how far)_ beyond the bend of the elbow where it divides into the ___ and ___ arteries.
1 cm, radial, ulnar
What are the 7 branches off of the axillary artery before it becomes the brachial artery?
1. Superior artery 2. Thoracic artery 3. thoracocromial artery 4. lateral thoracic artery 5. subscapular artery 6. anterior and posterior humeral artery 7. thoracodorsal artery
What are the 4 major visceral branches of the abdominal aorta?
1. celiac artery 2. superior mesenteric artery 3. renal arteries 4. inferior mesenteris artery
What are the 3 major parietal branches of the abdominal aorta?
1. inferior phrenic artery 2. lumbar arteries 3. middle sacral artery
What are the 4 most important branches off of the subclavian artery?
1. vertebral 2. thyrocervical 3. internal thoracic 4. costocervical
The capillaries form vast networks with a total surface area of about ___ acres, or ____ square meters.
1.5, 6,000
How many branches does the ascending aorta give off?
2
the internal iliac arteries are about _#_ in length.
3-4 cm
The deep femoral artery is a large branch off of the common iliac artery which arises approximately _#_ from the inguinal lagament on the ____ side. it can act as a collateral connection
5cm, lateral
How many branches does the axillary artery give off before becoming the brachial artery?
7
The arterial tree oscillates with every beat of the heart, each one of which pumps approximately _#_ of blood into the aorta and causes a blood pressure pulse
70 mililiters
Capillaries are about ___ in diameter which is about the same as the diameter of a ___.
8-10 microns, red blood cell
_____ governs the amount of blood that enters the arterial system, while ___ and ___ determines the volume of blood that leaves it.
Cardiac output, arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance
The ____ artery traverses the dorsum of the foot towards the base of the first toe
DPA
Which branch off of the arortic arch arises only off of the right side?
Innominate
What is the first branch off of the aortic arch?
Innominate or brachiocephalic
What is the second branch off of the arotic arch?
Left common carotid
This artery extends obliquely down the posterior side of the leg.
PTA
The second branch of the distal popliteal artery quickly gives rise to what two arteries?
PTA and peroneal
What artey passes toward the fibula and travels down the medial side of that bone to supply structures in the lateral side of the leg and in the calcaneal region of the foot?
Peroneal artery
Which vessels distribute blood to the digits of the feet?
The deep plantar arch and the dorsal metatarsal arteries
Describe the tunica intima of an artery in terms of thickness and content
a thin, single layer of endothelial cells with a base membrane and connective tissue
The subclavian artery arches ____ the clavicle, ____ the apex of the lung, and ____ the scalenus anterior muscle.
above, in front of, behind
At the interval between the tibia and fibula at the lower portion of the politeus muscle, the popliteal artery divides into the ____.
anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
The internal iliac arteries descend into the pelvis, each dividing into two vessels -___ and ___- at the ____.
anterior and posterior, upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen
What is the first branch off of the distal popliteal artery?
anterior tibial artery
Arteries gradually decrease in size from the aorta (largest) to the ____ (smallest).
arterioles
The aortic arch, formed by the ____, gives off _#_ braches.
ascending aorta, 3
The ____ are vessels of the microcirculation
capillaries
Where does the left common carotid artery terminate?
carotid bifurcation
The components of smooth muscle and connective tissue which make up the tunica media of an artery are usually arranged in a ___ pattern
circular
Describe the walls of the capillaries
consists of endothelial cells, forming a layer one cell thick.
The ____ artery arises from the lateral aspect of the external iliac near the inguinal ligament and supplies the abdominal wall muscles
deep circumflex
The _____ consists of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery and the distal portion of the radial artery.
deep palmar (volar) arch
The ___ artery penetrates into the sole of the foot, uniting with the lateral plantar artery to complete the plantar arch of the foot.
deep plantar
The deep plantar arch consists of what two branches?
deep plantar artery (branch off the DPA) and the lateral plantar artery (branch off the PTA)
The ulnar artery gives off a ____ palmar branch and then terminates into the ____ palmar arch.
deep, superficial
The ____ extends downward from the aortic arch to just above the diaphragm.
descending throacic aorta
The arterial reservoir resulting from left ventricular contraction stores some of the blood volume and the energy supplied to the system. It is this store of energy and volume that promotes the flow of blood into the tissues during ____
diastole
The ____ arise from the palmar arches and extend into the fingers and toes.
digital arteries
At the distal end, the ATA courses to the anterior aspect of the tibia. As it passes in front of the ankle joint it is more superficial and becomes the ____.
dorsalis pedis artery DPA
The ____ are essentially continuations of the corresponding common iliac artery.
external iliac arteries
In adults, which branch off of the common iliac artery is larger?
external iliac artery
What 2 branches does the DPA give off at the dorsum of the foot?
first dorsal metatarsal and deep plantar arteries
Capillaries are supplied by the arteries, which transport ____, _____, and other essential substances to the capillary beds.
gasses, nutrients
Once the superficial femoral artery enters the popliteal fossa, it gives off a number of ____ branches to supply the muscles, knee joint, and skin. These branches can also act as collateral connections
genicular (genicular- pertaining to the knee)`
Pressure is greatest at the ___ and gradually decreases as the blood moves ___
heart, distally
What effect does an increased or decreased heart rate have on nutrient distribution?
increased heart rate delivers an increased blood volume and therefore more nutrients. decreased heart rate pumps a smaller volume of blood and therefore less nutrients
The ____ arises from the external iliac artery just above the inguinal ligament, supplying abdominal muscles and skin
inferior epigastric artery
when it passes under ____ the external iliac artery becomes the common femoral artery.
inguinal ligament
What are the three branches off of the aortic arch?
innominate, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries
The three layers of the arterial wall may be separated by what?
internal and external elastic membranes
What do the common iliac arteries branch into?
internal and external iliac arteries
The hypogastric artery is another name for the ____.
internal iliac artery
After arising from the distal popliteal artery, the anterior tibial artery passes superficial to the ____ and runs deep in front of the leg along the anterior surface of the _(same)_.
interosseous membrane
The external iliac artery travels in a ___ and ___ direction along the ____ side of the ____ muscle.
lateral, inferior, medial, psoas major
The digital arteries divide into ____ and ____ branches
lateral, medial
The subclavian artery runs ____ and ___ to the outer border of ____ where it becomes the axillary artery.
laterally, downward, the first rib
What is the 3rd branch off of the aortic arch?
left subclavian
the fibrous connective tissue which makes up the tunica externa (aventitia) of an artery is usually arranged in a ____ pattern
longitudinal
As the pressure wave moves from the large arteries through the high resistance vessels, capillaries, and then into the venous side, the _____ gradually declines because of losses in _____.
mean pressure, total fluid energy
What does the PTA branch into and where?
medial and lateral plantar arteries just below the medial malleolus
Roughly how long are the capillaries?
not much more than a millimeter long
The left and right common iliac arteries are the diatalmost banches of the arta carrying blood to the ____, ___, and ____
pelvis, abdominal wall, lower limbs
The ____ is the distal portion of the superficial femoral artery
popliteal
The heart pump generates pressure, or ___ energy, to move the blood
potential
What 3 properties of the pressure wave change as it moves through the arterial system?
propagation speed, shape and strength
The tibiopernoeal trunk (artery) has also been called the ____.
proximal potion of the PTA
The ____ maintains a high volume of blood in the arterial side of the circulatory system that in turn sustains a high ____ between the arterial and venous sides of circulation.
pumping of the heart, pressure gradient
Which artery originates from the brachial artery and travels down the lateral side of the forearm into the hand?
radial
The resulting distention of the arteries from the left ventricular contraction produces and arterial "___"
reervoir
Arterioles are considered to be ___ vessels. Their function is to help _____ by doing what?
resistance, regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing
What are the two branches off of the ascending aorta?
right and left coronary arteries
What does the innominate artery divide into?
right common carotid and subclavian arteries
At the beginning of cardiac contraction, the pressure in the left ventricle _^ v_ rapidly, quickly ____ that in the aorta.
rises, exceeding
Describe the tunica externa (adventitia) of an artery in terms of thickness and content.
somewhat thinner than the tunica media and contains white fibrous connective tissue and , at times, a few smooth muscle fibers.
Example: As the arterial pressure ave moves distally, away from the heart and out toward the periphery, the propogation speed- the pulse wave velocity- increases with the growing ___ of the arterial walls
stiffness
The ___ of blood produced by each heartbeat creates a pressure (or energy) wave that travels rapidly throughout the arterial system
stroke volume
the amount of bloof ejected with each contraction of the left ventricle is called what?
stroke volume
What artery becomes the axillary artery as it travels along the shoulder to the upper arm?
subclavian
What does the common femoral artery branch into?
superficial femoral artery and deep femoral (profunda femoris) artery
The _____ consists of the distal portion of the ulnar artery as it continues into the hand, and a branch of the radial artery
superficial palmar (volar) arch
The radial artery gives off a branch in the hand to for the ____ palmar arch and terminates in the ____ palmar arch of the hand by joining the ____ branch of the ulnar artery.
superficial, deep, deep
the rapid rise in pressure of the left ventricle at the beginning of cardiac contraction causes what?
the aortic valve to open, ejecting the blood, and the blood pressure rises
What is considered to be the most vital part of the circulatory system? Why?
the capillaries: Its through the wall of the capillaries that nutrients and waste products are exchanged between tissue and blood to maintain the constancy of the internal environment. It has been said that the circulatory system only exists to serve the capillary beds
A large portion of the energy created with each left ventricular contraction results in ____
the distention of the arteries
The ascending aorta arises from ____
the left ventricle
What controls the arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance?
the level of vasoconstriction in microcirculation
The common iliac artery divides into the internal and external iliac arteries at the level of _____, which is about _#_ cm from their origin.
the lumbosacral junction, 5
What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta?
the right and left common iliac arteries
Besides their typical function why else are the inferior epigastric and deep circumflex arteries important?
they can anastomose with other arterial branches and can serve as collateral connections when necessary.
Describe the tunica media of an artery in terms of thickness and content.
thicker than the tunica intima and composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, largely of the elastic type.
Where does the left subclavian artery terminate?
thoracic outlet
What is the second branch of the distal popliteal artery?
tibioperoneal trunk
What is the outer wall of an artery called?
tunica externa (or adventitia)
What is the innermost layer of the artery wall called?
tunica intima
What is the intermediate layer of the arterial wall?
tunica media
The____ artery originates from the brachial artery and travels down the medial side of the forearm into the hand
ulnar
Variations in the characteristics of the vessels (arteries) influence the alterations in blood flow. ___ and ___ vary with each heartbeat
velocity and flow direction
When does the superficial femoral artery become the popliteal atery? (Be specific)
when it passes through an opening in the tendon of the adductor hiatus known as the adductor canal, or Hunter's canal, which is located in the distal thigh
