vertebral bones
sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilage
What does the thoracic cage consist of?
spinus process
What is the highlighted structure?
Cervical 7 thoracic 12 lumbar 5 sacral 1
List the number of vertebrae found in each vertebral region
-Bifurcated spinous process -three foramina (2 transverse, 1 vertebral) -small sized vertebral bodies
Name features unique to cervical vertebra
vertebral foramen
Name the structure.
lamina
Name this bony landmark of the vertebra.
pedicle
Name this specific part of the thoracic vertebra.
superior articular process
Name this specific part of the thoracic vertebra.
transverse process
Name this specific part of the thoracic vertebra.
Ribs 11-12 attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae and "float" without attaching to the costal cartilage anteriorly. (Attached to vertebrae but not sternum)
floating ribs
thoracic region of vertebral column
consists of 12 vertebrae
cervical region of vertebral column
consists of 7 vertebrae
thoracic curvature
primary curve, 12 vertebrae
sacral curve
primary curve, 5 vertebrae
Sacral/thoracic: primary Cervial/lumbar: secondary
which curvatures of the vertebral column and secondary and which are primary?
lumbar region of vertebral column
5 bones of the lower back
vertebral column
A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord. Also serves as attachment points.
facet
The head of rib 10 interacts with the __________________ of thoracic vertebra 10.
superior demifacet
The head of rib 6 interacts with the __________________ of thoracic vertebra 6.
transverse process
The tubercle of rib 6 interacts with the __________________ of thoracic vertebra 6.
facets and demifacets
What are the flat pads on a thoracic vertebra called that articulate with the head of the rib?
inferior articular facet
What is the highlighted structure?
Lumbar cervical thoracic
_____________ vertebrae have axe-shaped spinous processes. _____________ vertebrae have three foramina. _____________ vertebrae have a medium-sized body
hyoid bone
a free floating, U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue. serves as attachment point, does not articulate with any other bone.
cervical curve
a secondary curve, 7 vertebrae
lamina
another extension from vertebral body on both sides, helps create shape of vertebral foramen
tubercle of rib
articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebra
sacrum
bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column
vertebral foramen
canal through which spinal cord passes, full of nerves
floating ribs
classify ribs 11-12
false (vertebrochondral) ribs
classify ribs 8-10
head of rib articulates between the two vertebrae, touching both the superior and inferior demifacets. Tubercle articulates with transverse process
describe demifacet articulation
head of the rib articulates with full facet itself, and the tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the same vertebrae
describe full facet articulation
ribs 1-7 directly articulate with sternum AND thoracic vertebrae through costal cartilage .
describe true bones
facets
divets into the bone where costal cariglaeg can attach to the sternum
Pedicle
extension from vertebral body on both sides, helps create shape of vertebral foramen
ribs 8-12 articulate with thoracic vertebrae through costal cartilage but do not attach directly to the sternum anteriorly, and instead, attach to the costal cartilage of the preceding (superior) rib, except for false ribs 11-12, which are the floating ribs.
false ribs/vertebrochondral ribs
thoracic vertebrae
group of twelve small bones that form the vertebral spine in the upper trunk
cervical vertebrae
has vertebral foramen + 2 transverse foramina support light weight and has a smaller vertebral body Some have a bifurcated spinous process, which is a split spinous process. Unique to cervical vertebrae
The spinal cord would no longer be surrounded by bones and would lack protection
if human vertebrae lacked the lamina and pedicle, what might be a consequence?
xipohid process
inferior bone of the sternum
lumbar vertebrae
large sized body hatchet-shaped spinous process and extends horizontally
lumbar vertebrae
lower back
vertebral body
main portion of the vertebra, where other vertebrae stack on top of each other with a vertebral disc in between
thoracic vertebrae
medium sized body pointed shaped, very long and downward extending spinous process facets on body and occasionally on the transverse process
body of sternum
middle bone of the sternum
sternum
narrow/flat bone that's composed of three fused bones (inferior, middle and superior)
spinus process
on both sides, posteriorly stick out of vertebra and serve for muscle attachment sites
head of rib
posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae
lumbar curvature
secondary curve, 5 vertebrae
Cocyxx
tailbone
costal cartilage
the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs. Peachy and translucent.
Mandubrium
the superior bone of the sternum
transverse process
two lateral projections from the vertebral arch
demi=half you need two demifacets for one facet. You need two demifacets to articulate with a single head of a rib
what is a demifacet in the vertebral body?
a facet, or a full facet, has the ability to solely articulate with a single head of a rib
what is a facet in the vertebral body?
every region except the coccyx has its own natural curvature
what's a common feature for all vertebral regions except the coccyx?
T2-T9
where can you find demifacets?
T1, T10, T11, T12
where can you find facets (AKA full facets)?
inferior articular facet
where inferior and superior vertebrae articulate
superior articular process
where vertebrae join each other; articulates with inferior
