vertebral bones

sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and costal cartilage

What does the thoracic cage consist of?

spinus process

What is the highlighted structure?

Cervical 7 thoracic 12 lumbar 5 sacral 1

List the number of vertebrae found in each vertebral region

-Bifurcated spinous process -three foramina (2 transverse, 1 vertebral) -small sized vertebral bodies

Name features unique to cervical vertebra

vertebral foramen

Name the structure.

lamina

Name this bony landmark of the vertebra.

pedicle

Name this specific part of the thoracic vertebra.

superior articular process

Name this specific part of the thoracic vertebra.

transverse process

Name this specific part of the thoracic vertebra.

Ribs 11-12 attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae and "float" without attaching to the costal cartilage anteriorly. (Attached to vertebrae but not sternum)

floating ribs

thoracic region of vertebral column

consists of 12 vertebrae

cervical region of vertebral column

consists of 7 vertebrae

thoracic curvature

primary curve, 12 vertebrae

sacral curve

primary curve, 5 vertebrae

Sacral/thoracic: primary Cervial/lumbar: secondary

which curvatures of the vertebral column and secondary and which are primary?

lumbar region of vertebral column

5 bones of the lower back

vertebral column

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord. Also serves as attachment points.

facet

The head of rib 10 interacts with the __________________ of thoracic vertebra 10.

superior demifacet

The head of rib 6 interacts with the __________________ of thoracic vertebra 6.

transverse process

The tubercle of rib 6 interacts with the __________________ of thoracic vertebra 6.

facets and demifacets

What are the flat pads on a thoracic vertebra called that articulate with the head of the rib?

inferior articular facet

What is the highlighted structure?

Lumbar cervical thoracic

_____________ vertebrae have axe-shaped spinous processes. _____________ vertebrae have three foramina. _____________ vertebrae have a medium-sized body

hyoid bone

a free floating, U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue. serves as attachment point, does not articulate with any other bone.

cervical curve

a secondary curve, 7 vertebrae

lamina

another extension from vertebral body on both sides, helps create shape of vertebral foramen

tubercle of rib

articulates with transverse process of thoracic vertebra

sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

vertebral foramen

canal through which spinal cord passes, full of nerves

floating ribs

classify ribs 11-12

false (vertebrochondral) ribs

classify ribs 8-10

head of rib articulates between the two vertebrae, touching both the superior and inferior demifacets. Tubercle articulates with transverse process

describe demifacet articulation

head of the rib articulates with full facet itself, and the tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the same vertebrae

describe full facet articulation

ribs 1-7 directly articulate with sternum AND thoracic vertebrae through costal cartilage .

describe true bones

facets

divets into the bone where costal cariglaeg can attach to the sternum

Pedicle

extension from vertebral body on both sides, helps create shape of vertebral foramen

ribs 8-12 articulate with thoracic vertebrae through costal cartilage but do not attach directly to the sternum anteriorly, and instead, attach to the costal cartilage of the preceding (superior) rib, except for false ribs 11-12, which are the floating ribs.

false ribs/vertebrochondral ribs

thoracic vertebrae

group of twelve small bones that form the vertebral spine in the upper trunk

cervical vertebrae

has vertebral foramen + 2 transverse foramina support light weight and has a smaller vertebral body Some have a bifurcated spinous process, which is a split spinous process. Unique to cervical vertebrae

The spinal cord would no longer be surrounded by bones and would lack protection

if human vertebrae lacked the lamina and pedicle, what might be a consequence?

xipohid process

inferior bone of the sternum

lumbar vertebrae

large sized body hatchet-shaped spinous process and extends horizontally

lumbar vertebrae

lower back

vertebral body

main portion of the vertebra, where other vertebrae stack on top of each other with a vertebral disc in between

thoracic vertebrae

medium sized body pointed shaped, very long and downward extending spinous process facets on body and occasionally on the transverse process

body of sternum

middle bone of the sternum

sternum

narrow/flat bone that's composed of three fused bones (inferior, middle and superior)

spinus process

on both sides, posteriorly stick out of vertebra and serve for muscle attachment sites

head of rib

posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae

lumbar curvature

secondary curve, 5 vertebrae

Cocyxx

tailbone

costal cartilage

the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs. Peachy and translucent.

Mandubrium

the superior bone of the sternum

transverse process

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

demi=half you need two demifacets for one facet. You need two demifacets to articulate with a single head of a rib

what is a demifacet in the vertebral body?

a facet, or a full facet, has the ability to solely articulate with a single head of a rib

what is a facet in the vertebral body?

every region except the coccyx has its own natural curvature

what's a common feature for all vertebral regions except the coccyx?

T2-T9

where can you find demifacets?

T1, T10, T11, T12

where can you find facets (AKA full facets)?

inferior articular facet

where inferior and superior vertebrae articulate

superior articular process

where vertebrae join each other; articulates with inferior