vet midterm

About how many cats suffer from diabetes?

1 in 230

How is the name of the disease feline leukemia related to the actual condition?

Although it was thought to be a cancer, it is actually caused by a virus.

Which sentence BEST compares the difference between the concern scientists used to have about avian flu with their present-day concerns?

Avian flu used to be a threat to poultry but managed to mutate and is now a danger to humans.

French bulldog Benji's veterinarian diagnosed him with hip dysplasia and sent his x-rays to the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals. The organization has looked over Benji's x-rays and labeled his condition as severe dysplasia. What does this grade MOST likely mean for Benji?

Benji should not be allowed to breed.

A stray cat has wandered up to Rheesa's farm. She talks her mother into letting it stay, but her mother says it's on the condition that Rheesa takes it to the vet for an exam. The veterinarian tells Rheesa some bad news: this stray cat has tested positive for FeLV. Rheesa is so upset because she has let the cat into the barn along with her horses and dogs. The vet tells Rheesa there is little need to worry. Which sentence MOST likely explains his reasoning?

Cats are the only animals susceptible to FeLV.

The World Health Organization monitors outbreaks of disease all over the world. They study the progression of the outbreak and provide instructions and warnings to help manage and contain them. As an analyst at the WHO, Scarlett collects numbers of avian flu infections in humans. In looking over her spreadsheet, where would Scarlett MOST likely find the highest number of avian flu infections?

China

After finishing veterinary school, Dara decides that she wants to become an equine specialist. She is offered an apprenticeship at a large dairy farm, helping manage more than 500 dairy cows. Dara is unsure about whether she would like this position. Which sentence MOST likely explains the reason for her hesitance?

Dara wants to be an equine specialist and those deal with horses instead of cows.

While designing the new habitat for meerkats in the zoo, Dion really wants to use a type of loose, dry soil that would be found in their natural habitat. He points out that this would encourage them to burrow the way they would in the wild. Dion's boss is not convinced that this soil would be the best choice for the new exhibit. Considering the animal that will be in the enclosure, what issue is Dion's boss MOST likely worried about?

That the meerkats might be able to dig their way out of the new enclosure.

Once Abdul uses an Ng tube to vent some of the gas causing his patient's pain, he directs that the horse be walked gently around for a while to encourage peristalsis. Which statement would BEST explain what the walking will do to help this horse's colic?

If the colic is due to buildup of gas, walking will help the horse's intestines to work the gas through its system.

Hypothyroidism is more common for cats than it is for dogs.

False

Felipe has longed for a ball python for a while now. He finally decides that he is going to purchase one and would like to make sure that he picks out one that will be healthy and friendly enough for him to handle. Considering this particular breed of reptile, which tip would Felipe want to keep in mind as he purchases his very first pet?

Felipe would want to purchase a ball python that is already accustomed to eating small mice.

Talking to one of his former classmates from veterinary school, Tyler explains that he is currently working as an inspector for the USDA, checking the health of large quantities of livestock. His old classmate Khalil, who became a zoologist for a top wildlife preserve in Tanzania, scoffs. He asks Tyler why he is wasting his talent on a career so mundane. Which fact could Tyler use to show Khalil the importance of his work?

Food-borne illnesses cause about 5,000 deaths per year in the United States.

Where was the first veterinary school founded?

France

Lily's pet chameleon, Bart, is moving more slowly than he usually does. Lily takes Bart to the vet, who shows her how Bart's joints look inflamed. He is concerned that Bart may have gout. What question will the vet MOST likely ask Lily to confirm the source of this inflammation?

Has Bart had access to protein more than he should?

Jasmine is a veterinarian that has come out to check on a donkey named Bernard. Bernard has been having bloody diarrhea and has become extremely dehydrated. Jasmine suspects that he has colitis, but she needs to investigate further. It's important that she treat Bernard quickly because he could die from the dehydration. To learn more about the events leading up to this, which question would Jasmine MOST likely ask Bernard's owners?

Have you recently made a change to Bernard's food?

Yusuke had a farm in ancient Japan and owned 25 cows. If you were to have asked Yusuke's neighbors to describe him, which would they MOST likely say?

He is a very wealthy man.

During a trip to the veterinarian, Yoshiro is dismayed to learn that his Samoyed has developed type-1 diabetes. The vet explains that the dog must be given injections of insulin because its own body is not producing enough. Yoshiro tells the vet honestly that he is so squeamish around needles that he is unsure if he can even give the dog these injections. Which reasoning point would the vet MOST likely use to help Yoshiro with the situation?

He will tell Yoshiro that if the dog is not treated for his diabetes, it could die.

An exotic bird dealer has sadly had an outbreak of polyomavirus in his store. After losing all of his birds, he files an insurance claim. In preparation for receiving a new shipment of birds, the dealer knows he must clean the shop so that the new birds do not also get the virus. Which step will the owner MOST likely take to make sure the shop is ready to receive healthy birds?

He will use bleach on all the surfaces to kill the virus before accepting new birds.

After Fatima's cocker spaniel began to drink water constantly and experience vomiting and diarrhea, the vet diagnosed him with hyperthyroidism. Which sentence would BEST describe Fatima's pet's condition?

His body is producing too much of the thyroid hormone.

an is a veterinarian who owns his own practice. He is currently examining Bo, a three-year-old Himalayan cat whose owner says has begun to lick sore spots into his stomach. To investigate further, Ian needs to ask the cat's owner a few questions. Which question would be LEAST likely to provide Ian information he could use to diagnose the cat?

How long have you owned Bo?

A tiger rescue has just been advised of a new Bengal tiger in need of care. The tiger is coming from a private zoo that was closed by authorities. When the tiger gets to the rescue, the veterinary staff can clearly see that although he is not underweight, the poor animal has pressure wounds on his hips. The wounds look to have become infected. Quickly beginning a round of antibiotics, the tiger is placed in its new habitat. The vets at the rescue believe that once these wounds are healed, the tiger will no longer have to worry about pressure wounds again. What contrast between the new rescue and the old zoo would MOST likely lead to that assumption?

It's likely that laying on a concrete slab in his previous habitat caused the pressure wounds but now he will have a habitat with the correct bedding.

The farm that Manuel works on is having to destroy all its pigs because of a breakout of CSFV. Manuel is nervous since the past two weeks he was the one assigned to feed the pigs every day. Knowing that CSFV is highly contagious, what should Manuel do?

Manuel should not worry because CSFV only affects pigs.

Mateo is a veterinarian who has been asked to care for a sick cow on a commercial dairy farm. When Mateo arrives at the barn, he sees that none of the cows are in good condition. It appears that they do not have access to clean stalls, so their feet are beginning to decay. Flies and other parasites seem to be plaguing the whole herd. The cow in question is sequestered in its own stall, and Mateo is able to provide it some treatment. How might Mateo ethically handle the situation he has run into on this commercial dairy farm?

Mateo should discuss the situation with the USDA so that the cows will receive proper care.

Scientists worry that even if they have successfully put together a vaccine for H5N1, this may not be enough to eradicate the bird flu for good. Which fact would support this concern?

Other forms of the virus have cropped up, such as H5N8 and H7N9, that would not respond to the vaccine.

Even though Jiao understands that possums have their part to play in the ecology of the earth, she does not want to see any on her property, especially around her horses. If Jiao sees signs that a possum family has moved in, she will put out traps to get rid of them. Which statement BEST explains why Jiao feels so strongly about possums?

Possums carry protozoa that cause EPM in horses.

Qasim gets sick with terrible nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. His mother takes him to the doctor, who listens to Qasim explain his symptoms. The doctor tells Qasim that it sounds as if he may have contracted salmonella and wants to know if he has eaten at any restaurants in the past 24 hours. Exasperated, his mother exclaims, "Qasim! That turtle of yours!" This changes the doctor's focus. It is likely that Qasim has contracted salmonella from his pet turtle. Which sentence describes how Qasim MOST likely picked up the infection?

Qasim did not wash his hands after moving the turtle and then touched his mouth.

Sebastian has two macaws that generally get along well together. He notes that one seems to be bullying the other by pecking at it and generally keeping it from eating. The aggression comes to a head when one of the macaws uses his beak to grab the other by the feathers. Separating the two, Sebastian sees that the attacked macaw is bleeding profusely. He looks closely at the spot, wondering if maybe the other macaw's sharp beak has broken the skin. Instead, Sebastian finds that a blood feather has been plucked in the scuffle. Which sentence details the steps Sebastian will MOST likely take to help the bird?

Sebastian will need to use pliers to pull the remaining stem of the feather from the bird and then call the vet.

Ling brought her little fox terrier, Sparks, on vacation with her. One thing she forgot was Sparks' insulin. Ling goes to a local pharmacy to see if she can get insulin for Sparks. The pharmacist says that they are out of synthetic insulin, but they have beef-based insulin. How will Ling MOST likely react to this news?

She will look for another pharmacy because insulin for dogs is pork-based or synthetic.

Two of his cows have presented with lesions and blisters on their tongues, so Xavier calls the veterinarian. Upon examination, the vet says that it looks as if Xavier's cows have foot and mouth disease. He wants Xavier to quarantine his entire herd, scrub out his trailers, and sanitize every time he goes to work with them. Xavier says that he can pull those two cows out and put them in a separate spot, but the vet disagrees. How would the vet MOST likely reason with Xavier about the need to quarantine his entire herd?

Some animals infected do not show symptoms at all so the other cows may have it too.

Wyatt works at a marine science museum that had an unfortunate outbreak of aspergillosis among its puffin population. The entire population was treated with anti-fungal medication and put back into their habitat. As nesting season begins to come to a head, Wyatt notices that several of the laid eggs have failed to hatch. After he collects them and examines the embryos, Wyatt realizes that these eggs have been exposed to aspergillosis as well. Since the adults had been treated, how did the infection MOST likely make its way into the newly laid eggs?

The habitat must have contained aspergillosis spores and has infected the developing eggs.

When comparing BCE with other diseases that could affect cattle, such as foot and mouth disease, which fact could explain why outbreaks of BCE are so much harder to track?

The incubation period for BCE is from two to eight years so it can be hard to pin down where a cow contracted it.

How was the invention of the microscope related to the first vaccinations given to animals in 17th century Europe?

The microscope enabled scientists to see disease-causing microbes and allowed them to create vaccines against these microbes to prevent their spread.

Harper is a veterinarian treating 15 pigs on a farm for swine pox. The pigs look pitiful, with red lesions that are scabbing up on their abdomens and ears. She gives the farmer medication for them and instructions to make sure they are given plenty of water. What symptom MOST likely indicated to Harper that the pigs were dehydrated?

Their hooves were crusty.

Aiden has a new baby brother. The baby screams constantly. He is annoyed because it seems that no one can calm the baby. Aiden's grandmother tells him that it's not the baby's fault. It is because he has colic. Aiden doesn't know anything about babies, but he knows that his horse, Pepper, had colic once. How is Pepper's case likely similar to Aiden's baby brother?

They both experienced pain in the stomach.

It is 1912. Having grown up around horses, Fritz is a German scientist who is working on a secret project to isolate the virus that causes a terrible disease in horses. Fritz hopes that when he can identify this virus, he can create an antiviral treatment that would combat it. A pair of government officials show up at Fritz's office, demanding to see his research. When he explains what he is working on, the officials offer to finance Fritz's experiments. What is MOST reasonable to conclude about the German official's sudden interest?

They want to understand how the virus works to use it against enemies in war.

How might the way a farmer reacts to a cow who is exhibiting strange behavior like shaking, aggression, and falling over today differ from the way they would have reacted in the 1970s?

They will immediately pay attention because those are symptoms of BSE, which had not been identified in the 1970s.

. Zoos are turning to video cameras and other remote observation to keep an eye on the animals.

True

In the past, people believed that animals did not feel pain in the same way that humans did.

True

Most cats with diabetes have type-2 diabetes rather than type-1.

True

Research in biosecurity involves the whole food chain because researchers need to understand how biological agents might be introduced into not only human food but also into animal food.

True

Fatima is a veterinarian who has been called out to a farm to look at a lame cow. The owner says that the cow is refusing to stand on its right hind leg, and he is worried that it may have foot rot. As she gets close to the cow, she tells the owner that it is most certainly foot rot. He asks her how she knows before she even looks. What MOST likely caused Fatima to be so sure of her diagnosis?

True foot rot has a terrible smell that Fatima could already detect.

Omar is a veterinarian at a busy city animal shelter. He has seen an alarming rise in the number of cats brought in who test positive for FeLV. Omar wants to publish a short brochure to help educate the community about how to prevent FeLV from breaking out in their area. Besides stressing the need for having their cat vaccinated, what other preventative care is Omar MOST likely to suggest?

Use effective parasite control.

Bruno's poor chameleon is once again visiting the vet because his mouth is swollen, and he is drooling. Bruno's chameleon has previously been treated for stomatitis caused by bacteria. The vet suspects that this is a recurrence of the same issue. Which question would the herp veterinarian MOST likely ask Bruno as she investigates this recurring stomatitis?

What kind of food does Bruno generally eat?

A resort has several red-eared sliders in the pond in front of the lobby. Helena, the manager of the resort, notices that a few of the turtles are gasping for air and look like they have bubbles in their mouths. A few have discharge in their eyes. Which specialist will Helena MOST likely need to call to investigate the health of these sliders?

a herp veterinarian

Chyla's mother is an educator, and Chyla saw how much her mother loved it when students were able to grasp difficult subjects. Chyla wanted a career that would be that satisfying. She was drawn to animals, though, and loved to learn more about how to take care of different creatures. As she went through school, Chyla kept the same interests and felt torn when it came down to deciding on a career path. In what career might Chyla be able to combine her two passions?

a professor at a veterinary college

The governor of a state has been informed of the outbreak of a contagious virus in two large chicken processing plants in a local town. There is evidence that not only have the poultry been infected but some workers have as well. Considering the impact that an outbreak of this virus might have, which group of advisors would the governor MOST likely want to be in the room for this discussion?

a veterinary scientist, a public health official, and an economic advisor

Although Fatima recently graduated with a degree in veterinary science, her passion is to be able to work on research projects designed to stimulate dairy output in livestock without the use of hormones. Fatima has a chance to intern with a specialty. In which opportunity would Fatima get practice on the type of tools that she will work with later in her career?

an internship with a veterinary pathologist

Brought in by animal control, a sleek feral cat is tested for FeLV. The test comes back positive, but the veterinary scientist thinks that this cat has a good chance at survival. She wants to use a new treatment that has recently become available for FeLV. Which would MOST likely be the term used to describe this new treatment?

antiviral

Theo is a microbiologist studying a virus designated H1N1 to learn how it replicates and experiment with newly developed antiviral medication to see if there is any effect on it. Even though Theo uses the scientific notation to refer to the virus, what might other people call it?

avian flu

Just graduating from veterinary school and passing the test for her certification, Siobhan is excited to begin using her new knowledge. She has learned about all kinds of animals in her training. Siobhan joins a veterinary practice in a suburban area. Although Siobhan does, indeed, see different types of animals, which kind of animal will she see most often?

dogs

Ian is a veterinary scientist who is trying to find out how to boost animal growth without the use of hormones. Which classification of animals should Ian study for the best chance at answering his question?

domestic animals

There has been news of an outbreak of FMD in the state. Sanjay is preparing a warning statement to be issued to all farms who breed livestock so that they will be on the lookout for signs and immediately contact his department if any of their animals show signs of it. When Sanjay's notice is ready, who will he MOST likely send it out to?

farms with cattle, sheep, or pigs

Gabby's Uncle William is a farrier. Which animal is he MOST familiar with?

horses

In attempting to find out if a vaccination is safe and effective against a recently discovered virus that is infecting a large population in the United States, which classification of animals will Yvonne MOST likely study?

laboratory animals

Ming is distraught after witnessing her Australian shepherd have several seizures in a row. When she rushes to the veterinarian, he performs a thorough exam. Then he explains to Ming that the seizures are being caused by an issue with messages sent from the dog's muscles to the brain. Which bodily system is Ming's dog having issues with?

nervous system

Since BSE causes a cow to have issues with coordination as well as behavioral changes, which body system would be MOST affected by the disease?

nervous system

Pablo's job entails visiting the oyster beds off the eastern shore of Virginia to make sure that the water around them is not contaminated and that they are being harvested according to regulation. If the oyster beds have contracted a disease or if there is evidence that the fisherman is overharvesting the bed, Pablo can shut down the operation. Which organization does Pablo MOST likely work for?

the Department of Agriculture

While holding her beloved pug, Bianca listens as the veterinary scientist shows her x-rays that were taken earlier in the day. He tells Bianca that the x-ray clearly shows that her dog's caput is misshapen, keeping it from fitting well in the joint. To what part of the x-ray is the veterinarian MOST likely pointing?

the top of the pug's femur

Josiah is excited to be following in his mother's footsteps by attending veterinary school. Growing up, Josiah helped in the clinic as his mother cared for the pets in the community. She asks him constantly about his studies. Josiah tells his mother that he is on the section about exotic animals. He finds it interesting but does not see how it will be of much use to him in a regular veterinary practice. His mother tells him to pay close attention because he may put the knowledge to use, even if he doesn't realize it now. Which one of the clinic's patients would MOST benefit from Josiah's training on exotic animals?

the young hedgehog that has crusting dermatitis on his face

A veterinary scientist, Sean works on a panel that analyzes the toll that common products such as sunscreen have on the reefs that line the nation's coast. Sean needs to gather statistics on animal deaths that could be attributed to poison from these substances. Statistics involving which classification of animals would give Sean relevant information to include for the panel?

wild animals