VETT 117 Unit 6 Review & Quiz Questions
Under normal circumstances, blood glucose levels peak _____ after the administration of glucose and return to normal within ____.
30min/1hr
What enzyme is found both free in the cytoplasm and bound to the mitochondrial membrane and may be elevated with liver disease or muscle injury?
AST (Aspartate Transaminase)
A significant state of hypoproteinemia in an animal is most likely caused by a sufficient loss of which of the following?
Albumin
Which plasma protein assay component comprises approximately 35% to 50% of the total plasma protein values in most animals?
Albumin
What does A/G ratio refer to?
Albumin/Glucose
Results of which of the following assays could be the first indicator that there is a protein abnormality?
Albumin/globulin ratio
What type of cells make up approximately 20% of the islets of Langerhans and secrete glucagon and somatostatin?
Alpha Cells
What are the most common tests used to evaluate acinar function of the pancreas?
Amylase and Lipase
What usually results in dehydration?
Azotemia
What test is useful to detect ketoacidosis?
B-Hydroxybutyrate
What ketone is produced in greatest abundance in ketoacidotic patients?
B-hydroxybutyrate
Which of the following test results is least likely to be affected if a blood sample is collected postprandially?
BUN
What are the most commonly used tests of kidney function in dogs?
BUN and Creatinine
Which of the following blood chemistry results would be the primary indicators of renal problems in dogs?
BUN and creatinine
Solutions to be measure with a spectrophotometer must adhere to the principle of _______ Law.
Beer (Lambert's) Law
What type of cells make up approximately 80% of the islets of Langerhans and are responsible for the release of insulin?
Beta cells
What is the primary anion that plays a role in the body's buffer system and that aids in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs?
Bicarbonate
What component is assayed to determine the cause of jaundice, to evaluate liver function, and to check the patency of bile ducts?
Bilirubin
Which of the following is an insoluble molecule that results from the breakdown of hemoglobin in the spleen?
Bilirubin
What type of photometer uses a filter to select the wavelength?
Colorimeter
What is the cause of decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels that occur when a blood sample that is left at room temperature for an excessive amount of time?
Contamination with urease-producing bacteria
For what species is bile aid testing not useful?
Cows
Increased _____ levels indicate muscle damage
Creatine Kinase
What enzyme analysis can be used to evaluate muscular damage?
Creatine Kinase
Which test is used to determine muscle damage in the body?
Creatine Kinase Level
What is a byproduct of muscle metabolism that may be used to evaluate kidney function?
Creatinine
What kidney function test uses test substances eliminated both by glomerular filtration and renal secretion?
Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF)
What is the best method to determine bile acid levels?
Enzymatic Method
Which of the following plasma protein assay components is not found in serum?
Fibrinogen
What term represents the mathematical manipulation that describes the excretion of specific electrolytes relative to the glomerular filtration rate?
Fractional Clearance AKA Fractional Excretion of Electrolytes
What test used in dogs and cats provides an indication of the average glucose concentration over the previous 1-2 weeks?
Fructosamine
What may occur if a serum sample is centrifuged at a higher speed or for a longer period than recommended?
Hemolysis
What term describes a serum sample that has a red tinge?
Hemolyzed
What term describes serum that appears pink after centrifugation?
Hemolyzed
Which type of sample may create a release of water and what effect will be seen in test results?
Hemolyzed, decrease
What term describes serum that appears yellow after centrifugation?
Icteric
What liver-specific enzyme can be used to evaluate liver function in horses?
Iditol (sorbitol) Dehydrogenase
What is a likely finding in the blood chemistry of a dog suspected if having an intestinal bloackage?
Increase amylase
What type of analyzer contains specific electrodes that are configured to allow for interaction with just 1 ion?
Ion-selective Electrode aka Potentiometer
Which term describes enzymes with similar catalytic activities but different physical properties?
Isoenzymes
What type of assay is commonly used for the measurement of enzyme activity?
Kinetic Assay
Increase ____ levels indicate hypoxia or hypoperfusion....
Lactate
Which analyses may be altered if using a hemolyzed sample?
Lipase activity and bilirubin
What can cause light scattering when a sample is analyzed?
Lipemia
What term describes serum that appears as milky after centrifugation?
Lipemic
What is the origin of nearly all circulating alkaline phosphates in older animals?
Liver
Which organ produces most plasma proteins?
Liver
The most common cause of excess blood cortisol is....
Misuse of glucocorticoid therapy
What type of assay requires a standard to be analyzed concurrently and in the same manner as the patient sample?
One-point assay
Which type of assay needs to have the standard analyzed at the same time as the patient sample?
One-point assay
Which organ is the primary source of amylase production?
Pancrease
What test in considered the most sensitive indicator of pancreatitis in cats?
Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity
Which of the following is the fluid portion of whole blood in which cells are suspended?
Plasma
A reduced blood level of which electrolyte is referred to as hypokalemia?
Potassium
Which electrolyte would be elevated as a result of hemolysis?
Potassium
Carbon dioxide plays a large part in maintaining acid-base balance in...
Respiratory acidosis
What term refers to the fluid portion of the blood that contains fibrinogen but no cells?
Serum
What type of sample is preferred for most blood chemistry assays?
Serum
An elevated blood level of which electrolyte is referred to as hypernatremia?
Sodium
What is the primary extracellular cation that is commonly measured in veterinary species?
Sodium
What is an expected effect on the results for an icteric sample?
Spectral interference
What test is sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs?
Trypsinlike immunoreactivity
What is the most commonly used test of kidney function in birds?
Uric Acid
Which test should be run if the water deprivation test has failed or the patient has dehydration or azotemia?
Vasopressin Response Test
Cushings disease is the result of....
hyperadrenocorticism
Addison's disease is the result of....
hypoadrenocorticism
