virus and bacteria

Three shapes of bacteria:

"coccus" refers to spherical bacteria "bacillus" refers to rod-shaped bacteria spirillum refers to spiral bacteria.

The two major groups of Bacteria:

- Bacteria - Cyanobacteria: able to photosynthesize, also called blue-green algae

How is bacteria transferred?

- Through sneezes and coughs - Through shaking hands and rubbing your eyes - By touching food with dirty hands can infect your intestines -Through other bodily fluids

Structure of bacteria:

-Different than normal cells -Does not have a nucleus or specialized organelles -Has a cell wall

Virus definition:

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms

Who saw bacteria for the first time?

Antony Leeuwenhoek was the first person to see bacteria. Through the late 1670s, he sent comprehensive data and detailed drawings of his sightings of bacteria and algae to the Royal Society in London

What is a microbe?

Any of the microorganisms, especially those causing diseases or infections

Differences between viruses and bacteria

Bacteria have ribosomes, while viruses do not. Bacteria have cells walls, and viruses do not. Bacteria are living organisms, and Viruses are not. Bacteria are unicellular, and Viruses are consider cell-less. Bacteria reproduce through fission, while viruses reproduce by invading a host cell, taking it over, and causing it to make copies of itself. Some bacteria are beneficial in some way, but viruses are not at all. Bacteria are usually quite a bit larger than viruses.

Examples of good bacteria:

Called Probiotics Available in yogurt and other supplements Beneficial to your health Examples: soft cheeses, sourdough bread, sour pickles

What are eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Eukaryotes- have nucleus Prokaryotes- don't have nucleus

Essay- Bacteria Lab (what question were we asking, what did we do, what did we find?)

The question we asked was what places in school has the most bacteria. We found that the sink shower floor and drinking fountain had the most bacteria because they had moist environment for the bacterial growth and it is all used everyday by students and staff.

NPR worksheet on Lyme disease: why is it spreading?

Ticks get bacteria from mice that can give lyme disease to humans. Since forests are getting smaller, foxes are not killing the mice in the smaller forests because they can't live there. Then the mice and tick population increase and spread to humans.

Virus structure:

Too small to be seen by light microscopy able to multiply only within the living cells of a host. A virus is made up of a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA Surrounded by a protective coat called a capsid made of protein. Sometimes the capsid is surrounded by a spiky coat called the envelope

Ideal growing conditions of bacteria:

Warm Temperatures: 40 degrees Fahrenheit to 104 degrees Fahrenheit Moisture: Bacteria is known to grow with the help of moisture Environmental pH Bacteria typically grows in a neutral pH (just like the human body) Environmental Oxygen Oxygen levels for bacteria's metabolism usually needs to be between 10 to 12 percent in the atmosphere

Bacteria:

a large group of unicellular microorganisms that have cells walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease

Five subgroups of bacteria

a.coccus - Cocci are round, spherical bacteria that cause many different common illnesses. This bacterium is an important cause of bacterial meningitis—a potentially life threatening infection, with inflammation of the brain and spinal cord b.Bacillus - Some strains are spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water, causing diarrhea and potentially more widespread illness in some individuals c. Spirillum - Spirilla are another subgroup of bacteria with a more rigid, corkscrew-like spiral shape. One such bacterium is Campylobacter jejuni, a cause of foodborne illness and diarrhea d. Spirochete Spirochetes are long, thin and flexible corkscrew-shaped bacteria. They typically move in a distinctive rotating manner that allows them to be mobile in mucus-lined tissue or viscous environments. Causes Lyme disease e. Vibrio: spiral shape, live in aquatic environments, can cause cholera

Biodegradation:

capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other biological means

Biocontrol:

the control of pests by interference with their ecological status, as by introducing a natural enemy or a pathogen into the environment.