Visual anatomy and physiology Chapter 17 Blood

The process of fibrinolysis

dissolves clots

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

normal pH is 6.8 to 7.0

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5-6

Which of the following proteins functions to store or transport oxygen?

hemoglobin

Platelet factor (PF- 3) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

intrinsic

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

monocytes

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

platelets

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

polycythemia

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

red cells are about 18 um in diameter

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

reticulocytes

Sensitization during hemolytic disease of the newborn refers to

the mother's immune system producing antibodies against the fetus' RBCs.

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by

thrombin

Below are some of the factors involved in the extrinsic clotting pathway.

2, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5

Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti- A sera but not with the anti- B or anti- D sera. Which of the following is not true?

Bill's plasma contains Rh antibodies.

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney- derived hormone called

Erythropoietin (EPO)

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except

hematuria

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

heme molecules lacking iron

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin

A typical adult hematocrit is

higher in males than females.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates blood cell formation

An increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is termed

hyperchromic

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

important in coagulation

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

increased erythropoiesis

Which of the following is not true of basophils?

increased production during parasitic infections

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

increased reticulocyte count

Plasma is closest in ionic composition to

interstitial fluid.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

often elevated in allergic individuals

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

viscosity about the same as water.

The most abundant component of plasma is

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

How does a treatment with anti- Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

Which plasma protein is a major contributor to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

albumin

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxygen

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack a nucleus

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

All of the answers are correct.

In which of the following would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

a person suffering from hemolysis and an alcoholic with a damaged liver

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes?

about same size as basophils

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of proenzyme exposed to collagen

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

Hemolytic disease of the newborn may result if

an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

A person with Type A blood has

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

coagulation

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

conversion of Factor X to prothrombin activator

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells

Platelets function in all of the following except

dissolving a formed clot

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

during periods of fasting

White blood cells that are increased in individuals with allergic reactions are the

eosinophils

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________

erythropoietin; kidneys

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway.

extrinsic

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

Rouleaux refers to the ability of RBCs to

form stacks

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

four iron atoms

The process of white blood cell production and maturation goes on in all of the following except

kidney

Which of the following is false concerning neutrophils?

less abundant than lymphocytes

If bile ducts are blocked, which of the following would not occur?

less hemolysis would occur

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by

liver

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

All of the following are components of the cardiovascular system except

lymph vessels

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

All the circulating red blood cells originate in the

red bone marrow

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow.

You are caring for a female adult patient who weighs 40 kg (90 lbs). Assuming no loss of blood, what would her approximate blood volume be?

3.8 L

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

4 months

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation

reticulocytes

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.

separated

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline.

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.

A person's blood type is determined largely by the

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

produce hormones

The chief differences between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is

red bone marrow

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that

her hemoglobin level is normal.

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

Hemoglobin molecules

Overall, the most common blood type is

O

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes

RBC count

Hematology can detect all of the following except

body temperature

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

Each of the following is a way that blood transports materials around the body except

carbon dioxide from the lungs to the tissues.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?

defend against specific pathogens or toxins

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells.

differential count

If the blood types of a donor and recipient are compatible, then

there is no reaction between antibodies and antigens.

Hormones called ________ are involved in regulation of white blood cell populations.

colony stimulating factors

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the

kidney

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

reticulocytes

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

Antibodies