Vocab 9

Static character

A character that does not change from the beginning of the story to the end/: A soldier who goes off to war is irrevocably changed as a result of his experiences, but his wife back home remains static throughout the story.

Dynamic character

A character who grows, learns, or changes as a result of the story's action/ is Ebenezer Scrooge. At the beginning of A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is a grouchy old man worried only about his money.

Verbal Irony

A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant/In Beauty and the Beast, Belle tells Gaston, "I just don't deserve you!" when, in reality, Gaston doesn't deserve Belle.

External conflict

A struggle between a character and an outside force/Man vs. Man-the character is in conflict with another person in the story.

Internal conflict

A struggle between opposing needs, desires, or emotions within a single character/For example, an alcoholic may struggle not to reach for the bottle of bourbon. That person knows they need to stop drinking, but the desire to drink is very strong, leading to an intense internal struggle.

Myths

A symbolic story expressing ideas about reality or spiritual history./Egyptian Mythology: RaRa was the sun god, often regarded as the most important of all Egyptian gods. Ra emerged from the chaos at the beginning of time and created the world. As well as being a god, Ra also ruled as Pharoah. Many Egyptian rulers claimed they were descended from Ra, to give credence to their seat on the throne.According to the myth, Ra eventually began to grow weary of his duties. This made his people question whether he should be their ruler. When Ra learned this, he sent his daughter, the 'Eye of Ra,' to kill those who doubted him. She went on a rampage and Ra took pity on the humans. He tricked her into getting so drunk she couldn't continue killing. After this, Ra left the earth for the sky.

Thematic Archetypes

An archetype is a term used to describe universal symbols that evoke deep and sometimes unconscious responses in a reader. In literature, characters, images, and themes that symbolically embody universal meanings and basic human experiences, regardless of when or where they live, are considered archetypes./Wilderness - Danger.Fire - Knowledge, rebirth

Situational Irony

An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected/A fire station burns down.This is unexpected because one would assume the fire chief would keep his own building safe.

Pathos

Appeal to emotion/Examples of pathos can be seen in language that draws out feelings such as pity or anger in an audience:"If we don't move soon, we're all going to die! ..."I'm not just invested in this community - I love every building, every business, every hard-working member of this town."

Logos

Appeal to logic/Logos is when we use cold arguments - like data, statistics, or common sense - to convince people of something, rather than trying to appeal to an audience's emotions. Here's an example of logos in action from our man Aristotle himself: All men are mortal. Socrates is a man.

Plot

Sequence of events in a story/a. Overcoming the Monster. The protagonist must defeat a monster or force in order to save some people—usually everybody! ...

Fables

Short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live/ lion and the mouse

Third-person POV

The narrator tells the story using the pronouns, "He," "She," and "It" when referring to a person, place, thing, or idea./Here is a passage from J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, showing the power of third person: Harry moved in front of the tank and looked intently at the snake. He wouldn't have been surprised if it had died of boredom itself...

Setting

The time and place of a story/Setting could be simply descriptive, like a lonely cottage on a mountain. Social conditions, historical time, geographical locations, weather, immediate surroundings, and timing are all different aspects of setting. There are three major components to setting: social environment, place, and time.

Symbolic Archetypes

archetypes that symbolize some event in the story; the element in the archetype name must be present in the story to represent the ideas/Light - Hope or renewal.Dark - Despair or ignorance.Water - Birth and life.Haven - Safety.

Ethos

credibility/Examples of ethos can be shown in your speech or writing by sounding fair and demonstrating your expertise or pedigree: "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results."

Archetypes

emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning/The Lover.The Hero.The Magician.

Hero's Journey

the mythic quest in pursuit of some destination or goal whose attainment will lend greater meaning to life/ The ordinary world. Luke lives with his aunt and uncle on a farm on Tatooine. ...

First-person POV

the narrator is a character in the story/The singular form uses "I" or "me" and the plural form uses the word "we."/For example, Harper Lee uses only one 'my' at the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird to set the first person point of view: When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow. When it healed, and Jem's fears of never being able to play football again were assuaged, he was seldom self-conscious about his injury.

Morals

the rules people develop as a result of cultural values and norms/ Always tell the truth.Do not destroy property.Have courage.Keep your promises.Do not cheat.Treat others as you want to be treated.Do not judge.Be dependable.

Dramatic Irony

when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't/The very idea of having a Rat in a kitchen is gross to some people, so Disney making an ironic movie about a rat that just happens to be a master chef makes it one of the most ironic movies of all.

Social Context

The combination of people, the activities and interactions among people, the setting in which behavior occurs, and the expectations and social norms governing behavior in that setting/Social context can influence how someone perceives something. For example, a person who is trying a new food in an unwelcoming or harsh environment might perceive the food as tasting bad and not like it in the future.

Limited POV

may be used with 1st and 3rd person- told from thoughts and feelings of only ONE character/It was stupid, pointless, irritating beyond belief that he still had four days left of being unable to perform magic...—Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows

Character Archetypes

models for which many characters are based; the character should meet most of the criteria to qualify as that archetype/The ExplorerA character naturally driven to push the boundaries of the status quo and explore the unknown.Strengths: curious, driven, motivated by self-improvement Weaknesses: restless, unreliable, never satisfied Explorer Archetype Examples: Odysseus (The Odyssey), Sal Paradise (On the Road), Huckleberry Finn (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn), Sherlock Holmes (Sherlock Holmes)

Omniscient POV

narrator reports on the thoughts and feelings of all main characters/The narrator in Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel, The Scarlet Letter, is an omniscient one, who scrutinizes the characters, and narrates the story in a way that shows the readers that he has more knowledge about the characters than they have about themselves.