VR/AR final

Creator Economy

User Generated Content (UGC)

Google Bard

Using DeepMind and other technology like Google Brain, Google is using a competing proprietary model for their browser, ________, does AI assisted search.

Google Cardboard

VR was re-introduced to VR through the 2014 giveaway of _________, a stereoscopic viewer for smartphones.

TV

_____________ accounts for 20% of all ad dollars spent. The rest is spent on search and social media.

3D spaces that are part of The Metaverse are built with...

a combination of native digital and digitized content, called assets

Pass-Through AR

apple vision pro uses ______________

LLM - Large Language Models

are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning).

Generative AI

creates images, video or music, from text.

Open AI

creator of ChatGPT (text to text) and DALL-E (text to image).

DAU

daily active users

agency definition

describes the user's ability to interact within the virtual world or simulation

"Mirrorworld"

digital twin of the physical world is...

Mosaic

the first internet browser

AR

the mixing of someone's view of reality and digitized content seen through XR

Presence

the most fundamental quality of VR

The OASIS

the virtual world in novel Ready Player One by Ernest Cline

Vannevar Bush

then president of the Carnegie Institute in Washington, began work on a hypothetical electromechanical device that would store all books, records, and communications and mechanically link them together by keyword association rather than traditional hierarchical storage models... this "Memex" (short for 'Memory Extender') could be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility

Inside Out or Embodied Telepresence

where the user is inside VR, you see your hands looking at the virtual world, has hands and agency = First Person

Outside In

where the user looks into the world through a 2D screen, controlling a Player Character (an avatar).

samsung gear vr

which headset came out after google cardboard?

America Online

which was effectively the Internet from 1993 - 2000. It absorbed its competitors, eWorld, Prodigy, and Compuserve. From its Inception, people have been using the Internet to connect with other people.

elon musk

who bought twitter?

D-ID

An Al tool to create digital avatars giving you an immense human-like conversational experience. Real-time face animation to create a human-like experience.

What's The Metaverse Made Of?

Assets (digital things), 3D spaces, avatars, and interactivity (agency).

Legal and Ethical Issues Around AI

(1) AI and Intellectual property - AI models need data to learn. Image models have learned from millions of copyrighted works. How do we know who inspired a model's output, and what do we owe them? (2) Bias - Models built off Internet tropes and cultural stereotypes (3) Deep Fakes. What happens when we can't tell what's real? (4) Spam overwhelming search engines and social platforms (5) Private Open Source LLMs are a great tool for companies to create custom applications, but models can also be "trained" (created) with additional information fed by bad actors.

four phases of the evolution of the Internet

(1) PC, (2) Internet (3) Mobile Internet (4) Ubiquitous or photonic computing.

Virtual Reality (VR)

(1) fully occluded (2) computer generated (3) 3D (4) virtual world.

Second Life

(2004) was created by Philip Rosedale, and is still a popular PC game. They pioneered the proprietary no-code game engine and asset store. Users create assets, large (houses) and small (utensils) and sell them to other players.

Name 3 positive benefits of social media

1. **Connection and Communication**: - Social media platforms provide a space for individuals to connect, communicate, and maintain relationships with family and friends regardless of geographical distance. - They also enable people to find and connect with others who share similar interests or experiences. - Aggregate software and services and hosting 2. **Information and Awareness**: - Social media is a powerful tool for the dissemination of information, allowing individuals to stay updated on local, national, and global events. - It also serves as a platform for raising awareness about social issues, campaigns, and causes. 3. **Education and Learning**: - Educational content and discussions on social media can supplement formal education and encourage lifelong learning. - It also provides platforms for educational institutions and educators to interact with students and share educational resources.

Name three downsides of social media

1. Fake News, Social media can spread misinformation rapidly, and its algorithms can create echo chambers, reinforcing users' beliefs. 2. Privacy Users often share a considerable amount of personal information, which can be misused. Moreover, data collection by platforms has raised privacy concerns. 3. Mental Health. The pressure to gain approval through likes and comments, as well as the tendency to compare oneself to others, can lead to anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.

technology commercialization pyramid

1. Sci fi 2. Research 3. Government/Military 4. Enterprises 5. Consumer

3DOF and 6DOF VR

A _______VR experience will limit you to one set, rotational or translational, but not both. A _______ experience allows for both.

Machine Learning

A branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way that humans learn, gradually improving its accuracy.

Prompt

A string of words, typically separated by commas, that describes how you want to create, modify or transform text and images for a purpose and in the manner specified by the user.

Augmented Reality (AR)

A technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, thus providing a composite view.

Emergent Capabilities

Abilities that weren't programmed by humans. We do not understand why they show up, or when they show up.

Benefit > Friction

Benefits must exceed friction.

User Generated Video

Caught flat footed by the upstart Tik Tok and its user generated videos, the market leaders YouTube and Meta were kneecapped by Apple's new ad policies at the same time, Meta (Facebook, Instagram) answered with "Reels," while Google (YouTube) found an answer with "Shorts."

The Metaverse

Connected 3D virtual worlds, most often navigated through the 2D screen of a browser, smartphone, game console and, sometimes, using a VR or AR device.

What VR Experiences did we do this semester (name four):

Dear Angelica Engage Tilt Brush Roblox Where Thoughts Go Battlescar Wolves in the Walls Vader Immortal

GUI

Graphical User Interface (e.g. the Browser)

Microsoft

Invested $10 billion in OpenAI and helps OpenAI train their models, combining its technology into their little used search engine Bing.

ChatGPT

Language model from OpenAI. Primary job in basic terms was to "predict the next word", but it started getting really smart after they trained it on 8 billion web pages. GPT powers ChatGPT.

NVIDIA

Makes 95% of AI chips and computers

Midjourney

Most popular (and probably best) text to AI image generator

agency

Presence is enhanced and re-enforced by ___________

Assisted Reality

Second Screen, like Google Glass

blackberry

The Smartphone era began in 1999 with the launch of RIM's __________. It was connected to your email. Eventually, it added apps, but it was too late. They rapidly lost market share to the iPhone (2007) and Google's Android (2008)

Search Engine Optimization (SEO).

The curation of the newsfeed by algorithms through methods opaque to users has created an industry

Training and Simulation

The killer app for VR today.

influencers

The primacy of the camera has led to the democratization of talent and the rise of ____________

Metcalfe's Law

The value of a communication network is the square of the number of its users. (How the big get bigger: you have to have one (e.g. Facebook) because everyone has one

VR's key use case

Training and simulation

SixDegrees (1998), Friendster (2000), and MySpace (1999)

first platforms of social media

HMD

head mounted display

HUD

heads up display

Extended Reality (XR)

is a blanket phrase to describe the entire Milgram scale, containing within it VR, AR, Wearables (e.g., Fitbit, Apple Watch), Hearables, and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI).

The Turing Test

is a method of inquiry in artificial intelligence for determining whether or not a computer is capable of thinking like a human being.

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

is a system that demonstrates broad capabilities of intelligence, including reasoning, planning, and the ability to learn from experience, and with these capabilities at or above human-level."

Latency

is a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed

Agency

is our ability to move and otherwise interact inside the simulation

Virtual land

is space on a platform server

Friction

is the amount of resistance (difficulty) both physical and psychological, caused by the use of a new technology

Open AI (Wikipedia)

is the company that created Chat GPT (text) and Dall-E (text-to-video), which was opened to the public in November, 2022. The organization was founded in San Francisco in 2015 by Sam Altman

Telepresence

meaning to be electronically present elsewhere

MAU

monthly active users

snapchat

most popular AR app

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

refers to the general concept of machines acting in a way that simulates or mimics human intelligence. AI can have a variety of features, such as human-like communication or decision making

Photogrammetry

stitches together 2D data (photos) to create volumetric content, or assets