VTNE: Medical Nursing
How many white blood cells per high-power field are considered normal in typical canine urine?
0 to 3
Normal central venous pressure readings for dogs are
0 to 5 cm
How long does a modified live vaccine remain effective after it is mixed, if it is left at room temperature?
1 hour
The serum creatinine level of a normal dog is
1 to 2 mg/dl
What is the normal capillary refill time in a dog?
1 to 2 seconds
The blood urea nitrogen of a normal dog is
10 to 28 mg/dl
The total plasma protein level of a normal dog is
10 to 30 g/dl
Hospitalized patients that require nutritional support are those that have lost _____ of their body weight.
10%
What is the approximate degree of dehydration in a patient that shows increased skin turgor, prolonged capillary refill time, dry mucous membranes, and eyes sunken into the orbits?
10% to 12%
Puppies are expected to gain
10% to 20% of their birth weight in the first week of life
The normal rectal temperature of an adult cat is
100° F to 102° F
What are the normal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate of a dog? a.101.5° F, 90/min, 20/min b.101.5° F, 180/min, 25/min c.100° F, 90/min, 20/min d.100° F, 180/min, 25/min
101.5° F, 90/min, 20/min
A struggling sheep rapidly becomes hyperthermic in hot weather, because its normal body temperature is
103° F (39.4° C)
How long do platelets survive in stored fresh blood?
12 hours
Plaster of paris-type casting material can bear weight in approximately
12 hours
The hemoglobin level of a normal adult dog is
12 to 18 g/dl
At what age should a dog or cat be first vaccinated against rabies?
12 weeks
How much urine does an average adult cat normally produce in 24 hours?
15 ml/kg
For canine distemper and hepatitis, the most commonly recommended time for the last vaccine in a puppy series is at
16 weeks of age
When taking body temperature via the ear or the axilla, the temperature obtained is usually assumed to be
2 degrees lower than the rectal temperature
A delayed hemolytic reaction is indicated by a drop in PCV how many days posttransfusion?
2 to 20 days
The blood smear of a normal dog should have what percentage of eosinophils?
2% to 10%
When applying physical therapy to a patient, cold or hot compresses are usually applied for what time period?
20 minutes
The blood smear of a normal dog should have what percentage of lymphocytes?
25% to 60%
For accuracy, a central venous pressure reading should be taken at least
3 times
How much urine does an average dog normally produce in 24 hours?
30 ml/kg
Normal mucosal bleeding time in a dog is
30 to 90 seconds
The normal MCHC of a dog is
32 to 36 g/dl
The normal PCV of a horse is
32% to 52%
The PCV of a normal adult dog is
37% to 55%
The opening of the anal sac ducts is on the rectum at the
4 and 8 o'clock positions
A chest or abdominal bandage, when applied firmly for compression, should not remain in place on a small animal for longer than
4 hours
How soon after a significant exposure to the feline leukemia virus will a cat have a positive result on a feline leukemia test (ELISA antigen test)?
4 to 8 weeks
When examining a patient, you count 7 pulses in 10 seconds. How should you record this animal's pulse rate?
42 beats/min
The blood glucose level of a normal dog is
45 to 70 mg/dl
Use of a cephalic catheter for IV fluid administration is usually limited to
48 to 72 hours
Subcutaneous fluids are usually absorbed in
5 to 8 hours
To calculate the quantity of food to administer at one feeding to a 2-day-old orphaned puppy, you would multiply the body weight in grams by
5%
The total RBC count of a normal dog is
5.5 to 8.5 × 106/μl
Normal daily water maintenance requirements for a typical adult dog and cat are approximately
50 to 100 ml/kg
The normal white blood cell count of a horse is
5000 to 12,500/μl
When using a mercury thermometer to measure rectal temperature, what is the minimum time the thermometer should be left in the rectum?
60 seconds
The normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of a dog is
60 to 77 fl
The total white blood cell count of a normal adult dog is
6000 to 17,000/μl
What is the average length of gestation for a dog?
63 days
When using isopropyl alcohol as a disinfectant, what is the recommended concentration?
70%
The stomach capacity of puppies and kittens is approximately
9 ml/kg
If you are syringe-feeding a patient, the most appropriate positioning of the head would be
A natural position
A glass rectal thermometer has
A round bulb and a mercury constriction
Analgesia should be provided by a regimen that
Administers the analgesic before the onset of anticipated pain returns
Before doing a skin scraping for a fungal culture, apply
Alcohol
Which of these agents should not be used to control blood flow from a nail that was cut too short? a.Styptic powder b.Alcohol c.Silver nitrate d.Cornstarch
Alcohol
People infected with Dirofilaria immitis via a mosquito could develop lesions in the
Alveoli of the lungs
A pharyngostomy tube is used when a patient is
Anorexic
From what area is it best to approach a horse?
At a 45-degree angle from the left shoulder
What disease of monkeys that causes small sores in and around the mouth can be fatal to people?
B-virus encephalitis
Abdominal palpation in large animals is correctly termed
Ballottement
Eating raw or rare meat from which wild animal can cause trichinosis in people?
Bear
The cages of immunocompromised animals should be cleaned
Before cleaning the general nursing wards
Fluids administered via the subcutaneous route should be at
Body temperature and isotonic
A previously nonvaccinated mature horse that receives a traumatic wound that becomes contaminated should be given
Both tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid
What tissue is the preferred tissue to be submitted for rabies diagnosis?
Brain
What respiratory disease of cats causes ulcerative stomatitis?
Calicivirus infection
Infertility and abortion in cattle can be caused by
Campylobacter fetus
Blue eye, or corneal edema, can occur with what canine disease or after vaccination against that disease?
Canine adenovirus infection
Against what disease should ferrets be vaccinated?
Canine distemper
Two of the most common viral infections of dogs include
Canine distemper and canine hepatitis
An animal with what condition is more prone to fluid overload?
Cardiac insufficiency
When performing a wing clip on a bird, the wing should be grasped firmly at the
Carpal joint
Causing an animal to lie on its side with pressure exerted its muscles and nerves by a series of carefully placed and tightened ropes is called
Casting
Another term for a laxative is
Cathartic
Blood transfusion reactions that result from incompatibility are rarest in
Cats
What vein is located on the cranial (dorsal) surface of the front leg?
Cephalic
Increased carbon dioxide levels are detected by
Chemoreceptors at the bifurcation of the carotid arteries
The scientific name for heaves in horses is
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Signs of snuffles in rabbits include
Chronic rhinitis
The principal anion in extracellular fluid is
Cl−
Equine infectious anemia is diagnosed by
Coggins test
A client calls to say that her horse is sweated up, keeps looking at his belly, and is trying to roll; the veterinarian will most likely find that the horse is suffering from
Colic
Ninety-five percent of the circulating antibodies in puppies younger than 48 hours old come from the
Colostrum
People can contract tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani, by
Contact with sheep
A wet-to-dry bandage is best for what type of wounds?
Contaminated wounds that need to be debrided
How often should controlled substances be inventoried?
Continuously, with use
When taking a respiration rate,
Count inspiration and expiration as one breath.
Q fever in sheep is caused by
Coxiella burnetii
What coccidian is most likely to infect people who drink contaminated water?
Cryptosporidium
The blood group of canines that is synonymous with the term universal donor is
DEA 1.1 negative
What phase of healing begins approximately 6 hours after tissue injury?
Debridement
One clinical sign of hypothermia is
Decreased blood pressure
How deep should you scrape the skin for a fungal culture?
Deep scraping after surgical scrub
The higher the hematocrit and total protein values, the greater the degree of
Dehydration
Eating raw or partially cooked salmon can infect people with what tapeworm?
Diphyllobothrium
A client brings her new 7-week-old puppy into the clinic and is curious about the ideal vaccination schedule for her pet. You tell her that the ideal schedule is
Distemper at 8, 12, and 16 weeks with rabies at 12+ weeks
What type of drug is used to stimulate urine production?
Diuretic
How can a person develop sarcocystosis?
Eating contaminated beef
What sling is used to stabilize the coxofemoral joint?
Ehmer
Agents used to induce vomiting are called
Emetics
The term sleeping sickness in horses refers to
Encephalitis
What condition is produced by a migrating Toxocara canis larva if it moves into a human brain?
Encephalitis
For what disease is the Coggins test used in diagnosis?
Equine infectious anemia
What organism causes diamond skin disease in pigs?
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
The purpose of the fluorescein dye test is to
Evaluate for corneal abrasions/ulcerations
The most critical factor to expedient healing of decubital sores is
Exposure to air so that the area remains dry
The pulse of a horse is most conveniently palpated using the
Facial artery
The incidence of trichinosis in people is decreased by
Feeding cooked garbage to hogs
What disease of cats interferes with production of immunoglobulins during vaccination?
Feline leukemia virus infection
Probably the most prevalent serious viral infection of cats is
Feline panleukopenia
The most common artery used in dogs and cats to obtain a pulse is the
Femoral artery
The term pyrexia refers to
Fever
When gavage is used to feed young puppies, vomiting immediately following the feeding is usually the result of
Giving too much formula and overextending the stomach
What is the basic tool of restraint for the horse?
Halter
Sinus arrhythmia occurs when the
Heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration.
The two most common agents involved in feline respiratory disease complex for which vaccines exist are
Herpesvirus and calicivirus
The proper way to restrain and carry a rabbit is
Hold the rabbit by the scruff with one hand, and grasp the hocks of the rabbit with the other.
What vaccine is used to vaccinate people against rabies?
Human diploid cell vaccine
Yersinia pestis is most pathogenic to
Humans
What defect can be produced in a human fetus exposed to Toxoplasma gonii?
Hydrocephalus
Failure of an organ or a part of an organ to grow to its full size is an example of
Hypoplasia
Sterile water is
Hypotonic
High mountain or brisket disease of cattle is caused by
Hypoxia from low oxygen pressure
The accepted abbreviation for the intracardiac route of drug administration is
IC
The accepted abbreviation for the intramuscular route of drug administration is
IM
The accepted abbreviation for the intravenous route of drug administration is
IV
Which route of drug administration produces the fastest onset of action?
IV
Hypertonic solutions must be given
IV only
Isotonic solutions may be given
IV, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally
Why are intranasal vaccines so effective against respiratory diseases?
Immunoglobulin A is produced at the site of virus entry.
One clinical sign of hyperthermia is
Increased respiratory rate
What fungus can cause ringworm in people?
Microsporum
The two most common types of vaccines in common use today in veterinary practices are
Modified live and killed
What animal is the most likely reservoir for infectious hepatitis A for people contacting the animal's feces?
Monkey
Equine encephalomyelitis (EEE, WEE, VEE) is a viral disease that can be transmitted to people by the bite of an infected
Mosquito
The principal cation in extracellular fluid is
Na+
The most common type of leukocyte found in the peripheral blood of dogs is the
Neutrophil
What species is the most likely source of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) for people?
Nonhuman primates
An irregular heart rhythm that results from variations in vagal nerve tone as a result of respiration in dogs is
Normal sinus arrhythmia
Transfusions in cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemia are
Not recommended, because they may increase hemolysis
What is the best route of fluid administration for a slightly dehydrated patient that can drink water and is not vomiting?
Oral
The urine of a normal rabbit can be what colors?
Orange
What instrument is used to examine the ear canal?
Otoscope
When tube feeding a bird, the gavage tube should be passed into the crop by positioning the tube
Over the tongue and to the right side of the mouth
Which phase of the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the depolarization of the atria?
P wave
The tests that are very useful in assessing fluid loss in a patient are
PCV, plasma protein, and urine specific gravity
The accepted abbreviation for the oral route of drug administration is
PO
Dyspnea is
Painful breathing
For Doppler assessment of the pulse rate, the most commonly used arteries are the
Palmar and plantar
Which canine disease responds to antibiotic therapy?
Parvovirus infection
Colostrum is important for the newborn because it provides
Passive immunity from the dam
In smaller birds (parakeets), the most accessible sites for IM injections are the
Pectoral muscles
The rabies virus introduced by a bite from an infected animal travels from the bite area to the brain via
Peripheral nerves
Pinpoint hemorrhage of the mucous membranes and skin is termed
Petechiation
The most appropriate solution to use as an ear cleaner in an animal that does not have an intact tympanum is
Physiologic saline
Erysipeloid of people, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, is the result of wound infection with contaminated material. What farm animal is most likely to carry this organism?
Pigs
Which lymph node may be palpated caudal to the stifle?
Popliteal
An animal in sternal recumbency is
Positioned with its abdomen on the table or floor
The principal intracellular cation that is commonly measured in a blood chemistry profile and that contributes to maintaining the acid-base balance is
Potassium
When "clearing" a skin scraping in search of a dermatophyte infection, heat the slide after applying
Potassium hydroxide
The function of the anal glands is to
Produce a scented material used to mark territory
In the avian species, intraosseous fluid administration is performed by using the
Proximal tibia
During fluid therapy, a low plasma protein combined with a decreased cardiac rate can easily result in
Pulmonary edema
What muscle located cranial to the femur can be used for IM injections?
Quadriceps
You are monitoring a patient under anesthesia. Fluid therapy helps
Raise the blood pressure
Tachypnea is
Rapid respiration rate
What phase of healing begins 3 to 5 days after tissue injury?
Repair
When a healthy animal's airway is obstructed, thereby decreasing its ability to properly ventilate, the most likely condition that will result is
Respiratory acidosis
What area of the bovine body does hardware disease affect?
Reticulum
What disease is most dangerous in a herd of breeding horses?
Rhinopneumonitis
With reference to the eyes, the abbreviation OD (oculus dexter) refers to
Right eye
A Wood's lamp can be used to detect what condition in the dog?
Ringworm
What bandage is most commonly used for temporary immobilization of fractures distal to the elbow or stifle before surgery?
Robert Jones
Bubonic or pneumonic plague (Yersinia pestis) can be transmitted to people by the bite of
Rodent fleas
The function of a Robert Jones bandage is to
Stabilize a fracture before surgery
The equine joint that is never splinted is the
Stifle
Purpura hemorrhagica is a complication of what disease in horses?
Strangles
Which phase of the ECG represents the repolarization phase of the ventricles?
T wave
A contaminated wound differs from one that is infected in that
The bacterial count is lower in a contaminated wound.
The term nystagmus refers to
The eyes moving in a horizontal or vertical motion
A pulse deficit occurs when
The heart rate is faster than the pulse rate.
A significant difference in IM injections in small animals compared to large animals is
The needle is first inserted into large animals before the syringe is attached.
Flushing the external ear canal is contraindicated if
The tympanic membrane is ruptured.
If 1 hour after surgery, it is suspected that an animal is bleeding, and the packed cell volume (PCV) remains normal, it would be beneficial to evaluate the
Total protein
What canine parasite can cause the disease called visceral larva migrans in children?
Toxocara canis
A Thomas splint is an example of a
Traction splint
Rabbits can transmit what disease to people?
Tularemia
How frequently should splints be adjusted on foals?
Twice a day
When collecting blood using a needle and syringe, how should the bevel of the needle be positioned?
Up
Pigs naturally pull back when pressure is applied around their
Upper jaw (maxilla)
Isosthenuria is best described as
Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality similar to glomerular filtrate and plasma
When restraining a domestic cat, the best rule to remember is
Use the least amount of restraint possible for the procedure.
When applying a tendon support bandage on a horse's front leg, the outer wrap may be secured by
Using adhesive tape and ensuring that the ends of the tape do not overlap
Campylobacter fetus, which can cause abortion in cattle, is transmitted by
Venereal contact
On a deep skin scraping, sarcoptic mange mites are
Very difficult to find, because very few are often on the patient
Feline infectious peritonitis is caused by a
Virus
A person who ingests Toxocara canis ova is most likely to develop
Visceral larva migrans
What fluid should you choose to lavage a deep traumatic wound? a.Warm sterile saline b.Undiluted Nolvasan c.50% dextrose d.Hydrogen peroxide
Warm sterile saline
Besides skin tenting, one of the best physical signs to access fluid status is
Weight
The two infectious agents most often involved in otitis externa in the dog are
Yeast and bacteria
What does it mean when you hear rales on auscultation of the lungs of a foal?
You hear moist congestion in the lungs.
What drug cannot be given IM? a.Penicillin G procaine, an antibiotic b.Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin; chemotherapeutic drug) c.Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (Adequan; arthritis treatment) d.Dexamethasone (Decadron Phosphate; antiinflammatory drug)
b.Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin; chemotherapeutic drug)
The breed of pig that is red is the a.Berkshire b.Duroc c.Yorkshire d.Landrace
b.Duroc
Which of these tapeworms uses people as intermediate hosts and causes the disease known as hydatid disease? a.Taenia pisiformis b.Echinococcus granulosus c.Dipylidium caninum d.Taenia solium
b.Echinococcus granulosus
Which of the following is the least desirable method of warming a recumbent patient? a.Instant-heat pads b.Electric heating pad c.Wrapped hot water bottles d.Infrared lamps
b.Electric heating pad
What breed of dog is particularly susceptible to heat stroke? a.Beagle b.English bulldog c.Italian greyhound d.Schipperke
b.English bulldog
Which disease is the result of a blood parasite infection that causes anemia in cats? a.FIV b.FIA c.FIP d.Malaria
b.FIA
Bacterins are commonly used to vaccinate animals against all of the following except a.Blackleg b.Feline distemper c.Leptospirosis d.Borreliosis
b.Feline distemper
Which of these animals is most likely to transmit the rabies virus to people? a.Marmot b.Fox c.Mule deer d.Bear
b.Fox
Which statement concerning zoonotic diseases is true? a.Tuberculosis is never transmitted from dogs to people. b.Histoplasmosis is seldom transmitted from dogs to people. c.Animals with toxoplasmosis are always visibly ill. d.Blastomycosis occurs in reptiles and amphibians only.
b.Histoplasmosis is seldom transmitted from dogs to people.
The breed of chicken known for its white eggs is the a.Rhode Island red b.Leghorn c.White Plymouth rock d.New Hampshire
b.Leghorn
Which of the following are both agranulocytes? a.Monocytes and neutrophils b.Lymphocytes and monocytes c.Eosinophils and basophils d.Lymphocytes and eosinophils
b.Lymphocytes and monocytes
The breed of goat with long, wide, pendulous ears and a Roman nose is the a.Toggenburg b.Nubian c.Saanen d.French alpine
b.Nubian
What is one clinical sign of shock? a.Increased blood pressure b.Pale mucous membranes c.Decreased heart rate d.Increased cardiac output
b.Pale mucous membranes
Which of the following is a virus that is not highly contagious and does not have a commercial vaccine available for non-human animals? a.Parvovirus b.Papillomavirus c.Distemper virus d.Coronavirus
b.Papillomavirus
Which of the following is not done on a routine physical examination of a cat? a.Open the mouth and look at the teeth, tongue, and gums. b.Perform a rectal examination. c.Listen to the heart and lungs. d.Palpate the abdomen for masses.
b.Perform a rectal examination.
Cystocentesis is contraindicated in all of the following except a.Bleeding disorders b.Periparturient dams c.Pyometra d.Bladder tumors
b.Periparturient dams
What drug is used as an anthelmintic? a.Penicillin b.Piperazine c.Pyrethrin d.Streptomycin
b.Piperazine
Bandaging provides all of the following except a.Keeping the wound warm b.Promoting an alkaline environment c.Minimizing postoperative edema d.Absorbing wound exudates
b.Promoting an alkaline environment
Which of the following is not true of inactivated vaccines? a.A finite antigen mass at injection b.Provides cellular and mucosal immunity c.Requires adjuvant d.Relatively stable and safe
b.Provides cellular and mucosal immunity
The breed of dog particularly prone to parvoviral infection after 4 months of age is the a.German short-haired pointer b.Rottweiler c.Yorkshire terrier d.Afghan hound
b.Rottweiler
Of the breeds listed, the breed of dog most commonly affected with gastric dilatation/volvulus (bloat) is the a.Pug b.Saint Bernard c.Lhasa apso d.Shar-Pei
b.Saint Bernard
The breed of dog born with no tail is the a.Old English sheepdog b.Schipperke c.Miniature poodle d.Miniature schnauzer
b.Schipperke
The toes of a bandaged limb should be monitored daily for all of the following except a.Warmth b.Sensitivity c.Color d.Swelling
b.Sensitivity
Subcutaneous fluids are contraindicated when a.The patient has mild dehydration. b.The patient requires 5% dextrose. c.The patient is very small. d.There is evidence of chronic heart failure.
b.The patient requires 5% dextrose.
What type of preparation is a biologic? a.Antibiotic b.Vaccine c.Anesthetic d.IV fluid
b.Vaccine
If you are advising a pregnant woman to avoid Toxoplasma gondii, which of the following would you tell her? a.Store cat feces in an open container. b.Wear gloves while gardening to avoid contact with cat feces. c.Wash your hands after handling your dog. d.Avoid procedures involving horses.
b.Wear gloves while gardening to avoid contact with cat feces.
Of the following horse breeds, which is in the pony class? a.Arabian b.Welsh c.Morgan d.Appaloosa
b.Welsh
Which of the following sites should not be used for blood sampling in rabbits? a.Cephalic vein b.Jugular vein c.Medial saphenous vein d.Ear vein
c.Medial saphenous vein
Which of these drugs comes in an oral form only? a.Enrofloxacin (Baytril; antibiotic) b.Metoclopramide (Reglan; antacid and antiemetic) c.Methimazole (Tapazole; hyperthyroidism treatment) d.Cimetidine (Tagamet; antihistamine)
c.Methimazole (Tapazole; hyperthyroidism treatment)
The breed of dog frequently exhibiting inherited idiopathic epilepsy is the a.Great Dane b.Miniature schnauzer c.Miniature poodle d.Siberian husky
c.Miniature poodle
Which statement about immunizations is true? a.Older animals have more effective immune systems and thus require less frequent vaccinations. b.Young animals have passive immunity, making vaccination unnecessary for the first year of life. c.Older animals can have reduced immune status and may require more frequent vaccination. d.Young animals should be given only killed vaccines because of the passive immunity they get from their mothers.
c.Older animals can have reduced immune status and may require more frequent vaccination.
Which of the following is not a parenteral route of drug administration? a.Subcutaneous b.IM c.Oral d.IV
c.Oral
Which of the following is not an infectious disease of small animals? a.Distemper b.Leptospirosis c.Patent ductus arteriosus d.Pneumonitis
c.Patent ductus arteriosus
Which of these compounds can be safely given via IV? a.Metoclopramide (Reglan; antacid and antiemetic) b.Tap water c.Penicillin sodium succinate (antibiotic) d.Penicillin G procaine (antibiotic)
c.Penicillin sodium succinate (antibiotic)
What breed of cat is most likely to develop hairballs? a.Domestic shorthair b.Burmese c.Persian d.Siamese
c.Persian
The breed of dog prized for its lack of shedding is the a.Collie b.Labrador retriever c.Poodle d.Pug
c.Poodle
What dog breed has Scottish ancestry? a.Brittany spaniel b.Wheaten terrier c.Rough collie d.Pembroke corgi
c.Rough collie
Which statement about scabies is true? a.People cannot get scabies from dogs. b.Scabies is diagnosed by a fecal examination. c.Scabies is transmissible between dogs and humans. d.Scabies is incurable even with an adulticide treatment.
c.Scabies is transmissible between dogs and humans.
The breed of dog frequently affected by entropion is the a.Basset hound b.Samoyed c.Shar-Pei d.Saint Bernard
c.Shar-Pei
What breed of sheep is used predominantly for meat? a.Merino b.Romney marsh c.Suffolk d.Karakul
c.Suffolk
Which of these veins is not used to collect blood in a dog? a.Saphenous b.Cephalic c.Tail d.Jugular
c.Tail
Which urine specific gravity would you expect to see in a dehydrated dog? a.1.007 b.1.025 c.1.015 d.1.060
d.1.060
Which of these needles has the largest interior diameter? a.18-gauge b.27-gauge c.22-gauge d.16-gauge
d.16-gauge
Which of the following heart rates would be considered abnormal for a healthy adult cat? a.150 beats/min b.175 beats/min c.200 beats/min d.250 beats/min
d.250 beats/min
Which statement concerning subcutaneous administration of fluids is true? a.Fluids should be infused with a large-bore needle. b.Fluids should be first warmed to above body temperature. c.A 9% saline solution can safely be administered subcutaneously. d.A 50% dextrose solution cannot safely be administered subcutaneously.
d.A 50% dextrose solution cannot safely be administered subcutaneously.
Which breed of cattle is a beef breed? a.Guernsey b.Holstein c.Jersey d.Angus
d.Angus
What is the best method of handling an extremely agitated cat? a.Apply firm restraint b.Use a cat bag c.Use a cat muzzle d.Back off and allow the cat to calm down
d.Back off and allow the cat to calm down
Rabies is a fatal viral disease that is most likely to be transmitted to people by the bite of a a.Guinea pig b.Macaw c.Rhesus monkey d.Bat
d.Bat
The breed of dog known for its ability to track scents is the a.Boston terrier b.Welsh corgi c.Bedlington terrier d.Bloodhound
d.Bloodhound
What breed of dog is more commonly born by cesarean section? a.Collie b.Beagle c.Pomeranian d.Boston terrier
d.Boston terrier
The breed of beef cattle noted for its heat tolerance is the a.Angus b.Longhorn c.Hereford d.Brahman
d.Brahman
Which of the following causes diarrhea in dogs and humans? a.Staphylococcus b.Streptococcus c.Pseudomonas d.Campylobacter
d.Campylobacter
What dog breed is considered to have the greatest tendency to exhibit aggressive behavior? a.Irish setter b.Labrador retriever c.Saint Bernard d.Chow Chow
d.Chow Chow
The breed of dog known for its predisposition to retinal problems is the a.Pekingese b.Dalmatian c.Doberman pinscher d.Collie
d.Collie
Which of these dog breeds is sensitive to ivermectin? a.Husky b.German shepherd c.Pug d.Collie
d.Collie
A compression bandage used to immobilize a structure aids in all of the following except a.Controlling swelling b.Reducing movement c.Supporting damaged structures d.Containing an infectious inflammatory condition
d.Containing an infectious inflammatory condition
Bandaging promotes wound healing by all of the following except a.Protecting the wound from additional trauma and contamination b.Preventing desiccation c.Immobilizing the wound to prevent cellular disruption d.Decreasing oxygen availability
d.Decreasing oxygen availability
Which statement is true about rabies? a.Contact with infected urine is the most common mode of transmission. b.Bites from suspected animals should be left untreated to prevent spreading the virus. c.Rural dogs develop natural immunity to rabies because of their exposure to wild animals. d.Dogs, cats, horses, and cows can transmit rabies, but rabbits, gerbils, hamster, and mice seldom do.
d.Dogs, cats, horses, and cows can transmit rabies, but rabbits, gerbils, hamster, and mice seldom do.
Which of the following is not a sign of fluid volume overload? a.Restlessness b.Hyperpnea c.Serous nasal discharge d.Dry mucous membranes
d.Dry mucous membranes
What condition must be reported to the Department of Health? a.Toxocariasis b.Ancylostomiasis c.Strongylosis d.Echinococcosis
d.Echinococcosis
Which statement concerning parasitism is true? a.Demodex is the tapeworm of people. b.Equine pinworms have major significance in people. c.Toxocara canis larvae can eat blood from the human intestine. d.Echinococcus multilocularis can use people as intermediate hosts.
d.Echinococcus multilocularis can use people as intermediate hosts.
Which of the following lists the stages of wound healing in the correct order? a.Collagen, maturation, exudative b.Maturation, collagen, exudative c.Exudative, maturation, collagen d.Exudative, collagen, maturation
d.Exudative, collagen, maturation
What drug is not an antibiotic? a.Chloramphenicol b.Amoxicillin c.Tetracycline d.Furosemide
d.Furosemide
What species of reptile is venomous? a.King snake b.Iguana c.Water dragon d.Gila Monster
d.Gila Monster
Which of these dog breeds is most likely to get hip dysplasia? a.Beagle b.Yorkshire terrier c.Borzoi d.Golden retriever
d.Golden retriever
Which of these IV fluids would increase oncotic (osmotic) pressure? a.Lactated Ringer b.5% dextrose in water c.Normal saline d.Hetastarch
d.Hetastarch
Milk fever may have all of the following clinical signs except a.Staggering b.Ascending paralysis c.Neck kink d.Hypersalivation
d.Hypersalivation
Where are the anal sacs located?
d.In the perianal area
Failure to use adequate padding in bandages on limbs can produce any of the following except a.Tendonitis b.Pressure sores c.Severe edema d.Instability
d.Instability
The breed of dairy cow whose milk contains the highest percentage of butterfat is the a.Holstein b.Ayrshire c.Guernsey d.Jersey
d.Jersey
Which of the following diseases of sheep is not zoonotic? a.Rabies b.Chlamydia infection c.Toxoplasmosis d.Johne's
d.Johne's
The breed of dog most likely to be affected by hip dysplasia is the a.Wirehaired fox terrier b.Brittany spaniel c.Whippet d.Labrador retriever
d.Labrador retriever
The breed of cat known for its normally stubby tail is the a.Persian b.Maine Coon c.Siamese d.Manx
d.Manx
Which of the following would not be seen in a peripheral blood smear from a normal dog? a.Erythrocytes b.Platelets c.Leukocytes d.Megakaryocytes
d.Megakaryocytes
What breed of rabbit is most commonly used in research? a.Angora b.Mini Lop c.Netherland dwarf d.New Zealand white
d.New Zealand white
Which of the following is not a symptom of hypostatic pneumonia? a.Fast and frequent shallow breathing b.Increased respiratory effort c.Moist noises when breathing d.Nonproductive cough
d.Nonproductive cough
The breed of dog that commonly has its tail docked is the a.Dachshund b.Siberian husky c.Newfoundland d.Old English sheepdog
d.Old English sheepdog
Which of the following is the best way to retrieve a parrot from a cage? a.Grasp the parrot's legs in one hand, the neck in the other hand, and pull out the parrot. b.Place a towel over the body, hold the wings tightly to its chest, and pull out the parrot. c.Grasp the tail near the base of the body with one hand, the wings with the other hand, and pull out the parrot. d.Place a towel over it, firmly hold its neck, hold the towel lightly wrapped around the wings and body, and pull out the parrot.
d.Place a towel over it, firmly hold its neck, hold the towel lightly wrapped around the wings and body, and pull out the parrot.
The major functions of a stent bandage include all of the following, except a.Works in regions that are difficult to cover b.Applies direct pressure and decreases motion c.Reduces the tension on the primary incision line d.Provides good absorption of exudates
d.Provides good absorption of exudates
What is true about psittacosis (chlamydiosis)? a.Psittacosis is spread to humans only by direct contact with an infected bird. b.Testing live birds for psittacosis is easy and highly accurate. c.Psittacosis causes a severe rash on the hands and face in people. d.Psittacosis in birds is controlled by adding antibiotics to bird feed.
d.Psittacosis in birds is controlled by adding antibiotics to bird feed.
The breed of cat with uniquely folded (bent over) ears is the a.Persian b.Burmese c.English flop d.Scottish fold
d.Scottish fold
What is the most important skill that a restrainer can develop? a.Hypnosis b.Firm voice c.Slow movements d.Self-confidence
d.Self-confidence
Tularemia, caused by Francisella tularensis, could infect people who perform which activity? a.Examining cat feces b.Vaccinating cattle c.Deworming horses d.Skinning rabbits
d.Skinning rabbits
Which of these tapeworms uses people as its definitive host? a.Dipylidium caninum b.Echinococcus granulosus c.Taenia pisiformis d.Taenia solium
d.Taenia solium
What type of cat is most likely to be deaf? a.Calico b.Orange tiger c.Tortoiseshell d.White
d.White
The abbreviation meaning "divided" is
dd
Grass tetany in cattle is caused by a low
low blood magnesium level
Hypocalcemia in dogs occurs most often in
mid to late lactation
The abbreviation meaning "as needed" is
prn
A pulse deficit occurs when the
pulse rate lags behind the heart rate.
The abbreviation meaning "every" is
q
A Velpeau sling is used to support the
shoulder joint after surgery
Passive antibodies give
temporary protection to the puppy
Decubital sores are found on
the skin because of urine scalding and pressure from lying in one position too long
Scours in calves requires
treatment to replenish fluids
When a blood transfusion is to be administered, the blood should be
warmed to body temperature before administration
What disease can cause cyclic fever in people and can be contracted from cattle?
Brucellosis
What disease causes abortions in cattle, fistulous withers in horses, and undulant fever in people?
Brucellosis
How are people commonly exposed to Giardia from wild or domestic animals?
Infected water supplies
People who own cats can be exposed to Toxoplasma oocysts from cat feces in a litter box. After being passed in the feces, the oocyst is
Infectious after 2 to 4 days
What phase of healing begins immediately after tissue injury?
Inflammation
What is the correct order for the processes of wound healing?
Inflammation, debridement, repair, maturation
What does a tonometer measure?
Intraocular pressure
When an animal has a sinus bradycardia, the heart rate
Is too slow
For subcutaneous administration of fluids, the fluids are preferred to be
Isotonic
Lactated Ringer solution is
Isotonic
The term pruritus refers to
Itching
An intra-articular injection is given into a/the
Joint
Blood sampling in cats is best achieved from the
Jugular vein
The vein of choice for blood sampling in horses is the
Jugular vein
The colloquial term for acetonemia in cattle is
Ketosis
A benzoyl-peroxide shampoo is used to
Kill bacteria and flush the hair follicles
The ties of the many-tailed spider bandage are positioned on which aspect of the affected limb?
Lateral
To auscult the pulmonic, aortic, and mitral valves of the dog, you should place your stethoscope in
Left intercostal spaces 3 to 5
What canine bacterial disease can be transmitted through the air by aerosolization of urine?
Leptospirosis
What disease is transmissible from horses to humans?
Leptospirosis
When setting a sheep up on its haunches, you should never
Lift the head over the neck
The feeding tube used in gavage is measured to equal a distance from the
Lips to the eighth rib
Milk fever is caused by a
Lowered blood calcium level
The instrument used in measuring central venous pressure is called a
Manometer
The abbreviation meaning "treatment" is
Rx
The first concern when dealing with any animal should be the
Safety of the handlers
What bacterium that is pathogenic to humans is contracted from chickens, horses, and reptiles?
Salmonella
What splint is used on simple, closed fractures of the radius and ulna or tibia and fibula in young dogs and occasionally on large animals (mostly the rear limbs of cattle)?
Schroeder-Thomas
When giving an IM injection, it is good practice to withdraw the syringe plunger after the needle is inserted to
See whether the needle has been inserted into a blood vessel
Cheyne-Stokes respiration signifies a
Severe cortical injury
Contagious ecthyma (orf) is an infectious viral dermatitis of
Sheep
Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) is thought to have originated in what species?
Sheep
The easiest large domestic animal to handle is the
Sheep
Bleeding from a nail during a nail trim is frequently stopped by using
Silver nitrate sticks
Rumen inoculation is
Siphoning ruminal contents from a healthy animal and introducing them into the rumen of a debilitated animal
What area of the human body does creeping eruption affect?
Skin
What animal is a common reservoir for the rabies virus?
Skunk
When planning the appropriate nutritional treatment for a patient, the caloric intake should
Slightly exceed the metabolic requirements of the patient
Long-handle neck tongs can be used to grasp a pig to apply a
Snout rope
Which disinfectant is most effective against parvovirus?
Sodium hypochlorite
Which of the following values is a normal rectal temperature for a dog? a.102° F b.98° F c.106° F d.95° F
a.102° F
The normal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate (TPR) of swine are a.102° F to 103.6° F, 60 to 80/min, 8 to 18/min b.99.5° F to 101.5° F, 28 to 45/min, 8 to 16/min c.101.5° F, 110 to 140/min, 26/min d.99.5° F, 66 to 114/min, 330 to 480/min
a.102° F to 103.6° F, 60 to 80/min, 8 to 18/min
Which of these bandages should not be used on wounds with exudate? a.An occlusive bandage b.A dry-dry bandage c.A wet-dry bandage d.Wound lavage without a bandage
a.An occlusive bandage
Which of the following are potential side effects of chemotherapy? a.Anorexia, anemia, and alopecia b.Vomiting, constipation, and flatulence c.Anorexia, increased hair growth, and hyperactivity d.Aggression, drooling, and polyphagia
a.Anorexia, anemia, and alopecia
Which of the following conditions is/are more common in geriatric patients? a.Arthritis and degenerative joint disease b.Viral and bacterial infections c.Lameness that results from accidents and muscle damage d.Gastric torsion and dilatation
a.Arthritis and degenerative joint disease
What horse breed is considered a draft horse? a.Clydesdale b.Standardbred c.Thoroughbred d.American saddlebred
a.Clydesdale
The breed of chicken bred for meat is the a.Cornish b.Leghorn c.Rhode Island red d.Wyandotte
a.Cornish
The breed of dog that frequently has urate crystals in its urine is the a.Dalmatian b.German shepherd c.Chihuahua d.Cocker spaniel
a.Dalmatian
The Robert Jones bandage is not appropriate for stabilizing fractures of the a.Femur or humerus b.Radius or carpus c.Tibia or third metacarpal bone d.Third metacarpal bone
a.Femur or humerus
Which of these pet birds is sexually dimorphic? a.Grey cockatiel b.Yellow-naped Amazon c.Green parakeet d.Blue and gold macaw
a.Grey cockatiel
An ideal breed of dog to be kept as a blood donor is the a.Greyhound b.Basset hound c.Dachshund d.Chihuahua
a.Greyhound
For which of the following are there no commercially available vaccines? a.Guinea pig b.Ferret c.Parrot d.Chicken
a.Guinea pig
The breed of dairy cow that is usually black and white is the a.Holstein b.Guernsey c.Ayrshire d.Jersey
a.Holstein
The dairy breed with the highest average milk yield is the a.Holstein b.Guernsey c.Jersey d.Ayrshire
a.Holstein
Which of the following is the best route to give epinephrine in an emergency if a vein is inaccessible? a.Intratracheal b.Subcutaneous c.Oral d.Drip under the tongue
a.Intratracheal
Which statement about intraperitoneal fluid therapy is true? a.It is not routinely used because of the slow rate of absorption. b.It is used commonly in veterinary practice when a vein cannot be accessed. c.It is used for shock therapy when there is venous collapse. d.It is used to administer nutrients and fluids because of its closeness to the stomach and intestine.
a.It is not routinely used because of the slow rate of absorption.
Which of the following would delay wound healing? a.Moisture b.Dessication c.Antibiotics d.Drains
a.Moisture
The breed of dog that is brachycephalic is the a.Pekingese b.Collie c.Greyhound d.Malamute
a.Pekingese
A long-coated guinea pig is the a.Peruvian b.Abyssinian c.American d.Crested
a.Peruvian
Which of these shows the correct order for placing a splint on the antebrachium? a.Place tape stirrups; place a contact layer on the wound, a layer of padding, a gauze conforming layer, and the splint; and attach stirrups to the gauze layer and wrap with protective tape. b.Place tape stirrups; then the splint, a layer of padding, and gauze to conform to the limb; and then wrap with protective tape. c.Apply a padded layer to the wound, place the splint, and then wrap with tape. d.Place the splint on the leg, secure it with a layer of gauze, and wrap with tape at the top of the leg.
a.Place tape stirrups; place a contact layer on the wound, a layer of padding, a gauze conforming layer, and the splint; and attach stirrups to the gauze layer and wrap with protective tape.
The all-white breed of goat is the a.Saanen b.French alpine c.LaMancha d.Toggenburg
a.Saanen
Which of these veins is found on the lateral aspect of the back leg? a.Saphenous b.Cephalic c.Femoral d.Jugular
a.Saphenous
The breed of cat that frequently has crossed eyes and a kinked tail is the a.Siamese b.Himalayan c.Persian d.Maine Coon
a.Siamese
Fiberglass cast materials have all of the following advantages except a.Slow setting time b.Lightweight c.Good ventilation d.Extreme rigidity
a.Slow setting time
What horse breed is used for harness racing? a.Standardbred b.Thoroughbred c.Percheron d.Palomino
a.Standardbred
The breed of dog that requires a smaller dose of thiobarbiturate anesthetic per pound than that calculated by its weight is the a.Whippet b.Labrador retriever c.Collie d.Newfoundland
a.Whippet
What are the normal temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate of a cow? a.100° F, 30/min, 50/min b.101.5° F, 60/min, 20/min c.102.5° F, 30/min, 50/min d.102.5° F, 60/min, 20/min
b.101.5° F, 60/min, 20/min
Which of the following is the maximum length of time that a compression bandage should be left on? a.1/2 hour b.4 hours c.72 hours d.1 week
b.4 hours
Which statement concerning newborn foals is true? a.Equine encephalitis vaccine should never be given to a newborn foal. b.An injection of tetanus antitoxin is recommended. c.Newborn foals should be kept in lateral recumbency for at least 2 hours. d.The umbilical cord should be severed.
b.An injection of tetanus antitoxin is recommended.
The breed of beef cattle that is black and polled is the a.Limousin b.Angus c.Charolais d.Hereford
b.Angus
Which is not a route of injection? a.IV b.Anteroposterior c.IM d.Subcutaneous
b.Anteroposterior
Which statement about anthrax is true? a.People cannot get anthrax from eating contaminated meat. b.Anthrax is caused by bacteria. c.Anthrax spores can survive outside of the host for a few hours only. d.Anthrax affects cattle and humans only.
b.Anthrax is caused by bacteria.
The breed of dog that is considered naturally barkless is the a.Pug b.Basenji c.Pomeranian d.Lhasa apso
b.Basenji
What disease of cattle cannot be prevented by vaccination? a.Blackleg b.Botulism c.Malignant edema d.Brucellosis
b.Botulism
Which statement about central venous pressure (CVP) is true? a.CVP is an indirect method of measuring blood pressure. b.CVP measures fluid pressure in the right atrium. c.CVP rises when the amount of circulating fluid falls. d.CVP falls when cardiac output rises.
b.CVP measures fluid pressure in the right atrium.
Which of the following agents is not safe for cats? a.Halogens b.Coal tar c.Benzoyl peroxide d.Chlorhexidine
b.Coal tar
Psittacosis (ornithosis) is a chlamydial disease that people can develop from contact with infected animals. What species is most likely to transmit psittacosis to people? a.Ferret b.Cockatiel c.Llama d.Horse
b.Cockatiel
Of the breeds listed, the breed of dog most commonly affected with intervertebral disk disease is the a.Dalmatian b.Dachshund c.Great Dane d.Irish setter
b.Dachshund
The least desirable method of administering insulin is a.Intramuscular (IM) b.Subcutaneous c.Per os d.Intravenous (IV)
c. Per os
Which of these catheters is best to use to draw multiple blood samples? a.24-gauge femoral catheter b.22-gauge cephalic catheter c.18-gauge jugular catheter d.24-gauge catheter in the lateral saphenous vein
c.18-gauge jugular catheter
Which of the following could be a symptom/sign of toxoplasmosis in people? a.Subcutaneous, red tracts b.Chronic cough c.Abortion during first trimester d.Chronic diarrhea
c.Abortion during first trimester
Which of these can be positive in the urine of a normal, healthy dog? a.Glucose b.Ketones c.Bilirubin d.Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
c.Bilirubin
Which of the following is the most aseptic technique for collecting urine for culture and sensitivity? a.Free catch b.Expression c.Cystocentesis d.Catheterization
c.Cystocentesis
The breed of dog that commonly has its ears cropped is the a.Borzoi b.Keeshond c.Doberman pinscher d.Cocker spaniel
c.Doberman pinscher
Which of these birds does not eat seeds? a.Finch b.Macaw c.Duck d.Parakeet
c.Duck
Which is the most common sign of ear mite infestation in cats? a.Purulent discharge from the ear b.Serosanguineous discharge from the ear c.Ear flap hematomas d.Persistent head shaking
c.Ear flap hematomas
Which of the following is not a primary skin lesion? a.Macule b.Vesicle c.Excoriation d.Wheal
c.Excoriation
In most cases of respiratory, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal disorders, which of the following is contraindicated? a.Feeding b.Drinking c.Exercise d.Grooming
c.Exercise
What dog breed would probably require the smallest amount of thiobarbiturate anesthetic per pound of body weight? a.Jack Russell terrier b.Lhasa apso c.Great Pyrenees d.Keeshond
c.Great Pyrenees
The long-haired breed of cat that resembles the Siamese in color is the a.Manx b.Burmese c.Himalayan d.Persian
c.Himalayan
Which statement concerning zoonotic diseases is true? a.Cat-scratch fever produces high fever in affected cats. b.Ringworm is not transmitted from cats to people. c.Human pinworms are not found in dogs or cats. d.Rabies does not affect horses.
c.Human pinworms are not found in dogs or cats.
A fracture in what bone is least likely to be effectively immobilized with a splint?
c.Humerus
Which of the following is not an observable skin condition? a.Alopecia b.Seborrhea c.Hyphema d.Erythema
c.Hyphema
Which statement about PCV measurement in acute blood loss is true? a.It is an accurate assessment of the condition, but only if combined with serum albumin determination. b.It is an accurate assessment of the condition, but only if combined with a BUN determination. c.It is an inaccurate assessment of the condition because of vasoconstriction and splenic contraction. d.It is an inaccurate assessment of the condition because of vasodilation and hepatic contraction.
c.It is an inaccurate assessment of the condition because of vasoconstriction and splenic contraction.
What is true about a degloving injury in a dog? a.It commonly results from tight bandages. b.It is considered a clean wound. c.It results in skin loss. d.It can never be closed surgically.
c.It results in skin loss.
The breed of goat with almost no external ears is the a.Oberhasli b.French alpine c.LaMancha d.Saanen
c.LaMancha
Which of the following is generally not a core vaccine for dogs? a.Distemper b.Adenovirus c.Leptospira d.Parvovirus
c.Leptospira
What clinical sign is not associated with canine distemper? a.Seizures b.Coughing c.Limping d.Behavioral changes
c.Limping
Which of these compounds is not found in lactated Ringer solution? a.Sodium chloride b.Potassium chloride c.Magnesium chloride d.Calcium chloride
c.Magnesium chloride
What dog breed is considered to have the greatest tendency to exhibit destructive behavior? a.Chihuahua b.Pomeranian c.Malamute d.Shih Tzu
c.Malamute
Which of these is an example of a disease transmitted by an arthropod vector? a.Lice infestation transmitted by community use of a saddle blanket b.Toxoplasmosis transmitted by contact with infective cat feces c.Malaria transmitted from one person to another by a mosquito d.Ascariasis transmitted by eating contaminated dirt
c.Malaria transmitted from one person to another by a mosquito
Which of the following statements is true as it pertains to clipping overgrown nails in a dog? a.The nails should be immediately clipped back to 1/4 inch in length. b.A Dremel-type instrument should be used to file each nail to 1/2 inch. c.The nails should be gradually trimmed back over the course of several weeks. d.The dog should be temporarily housed on concrete to encourage each nail to break at an appropriate length.
c.The nails should be gradually trimmed back over the course of several weeks.
Which of the following is considered a potential vector for Lyme disease (borreliosis), which can cause severe human illness? a.Flea b.Mite c.Tick d.Louse
c.Tick
Which of the following procedures would be chosen to allow a wound to heal by second intention? a.Two surgeries performed 1 week apart b.Wound closed surgically and a drain placed c.Wound left open and not closed surgically d.Three days after the injury, wound closed after a local antiseptic is applied
c.Wound left open and not closed surgically
The breed of pig that is white and has erect ears is the a.Landrace b.Hampshire c.Yorkshire d.Berkshire
c.Yorkshire
