W430 Test 2

A phase space depicts ____________ A. any discreet change B. a discreet change that occurs within a designated time period C. multiple behavioral measurements over time D. multiple behavioral measurements within a given time period

C

An effective response to counter idealogical resistance is _______________ A. provide as much reassurance as possible and allow time to pass B. use coercive tactics C. strong persuasion backed with as much data, facts, and substance as possible D. negotiate and trade something of value for the perceived loss

C

An insufficient sense of urgency is a resistance response to change at which level of organization? A. individual level B. group level C. larger-system level D. executive level

C

Faucheux, Amado, and Laurent broadened Friedlander and Brown's context of organization change by adding a linkage between a given organization and _______________ A. its leadership context B. its values C. the society within which it resides D. success as measured by profitability

C

Revolutionary change is associated with __________ A. deep structure B. periods of equilibrium C. both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C

The planned organization change model developed by Porras is grounded in ___________ A. chaos theory B. no theory C. open system theory D. revolutionary theory

C

Using closure and participation to help facilitate change applies to the _____________ A. individual level B. group level C. individual and group level D. larger-system level

C

What is Alpha change? A. another tern for "first order" change B. a recalibration of an interval along some constant dimension of reality C. a difference that occurs among a relatively stable dimension of reality, typically measured comparatively, before and after the intervention D. a major change in the perspective or frame of reference within which phenomena are precede and classified

C

Which one of the following statements is most accurate about organization change? A. when a system needs change, any change is better than no change B. small changes lead to more successful outcomes than large changes C. not all organizational changes lead to improvement D. upheaval results in the best change outcomes

C

"Training and development" is an example of organization change at which level? A. individual B. group C. larger system D. it spans all levels of the organization

A

An effective response to counter blind resistance to change is to ______________ A. provide as much reassurance as possible and allow time to pass B. use coercive tactics C. strong persuasion backed with as much data, facts, and substance as possible D. negotiate and trade something of value for the perceived loss

A

Another problem with early organization change research is that ______________ A. the research objective should, but did not always, dictate the research methodology B. researchers included too many variables in their change models C. there were too many change models D. there was not enough agreement between researchers on how to measure the variables

A

Equillibrium periods are associated with ____________ A. resistance to change B. evolutionary change C. incremental change D. continuous change

A

Feedback from executive coaches requires which of the following in order to be effective in the context of an organization change initiative? A. to be congruent with the organization change goals B. to be congruent with the leader's attitudes C. to be congruent with the organization's mission and values D. to be congruent with the demands of the external environment

A

Organizations that succeed and survive are able to do so, most of the time by ____________ A. continuously fixing and improving the way it operates B. adhering to a laissez-faire policy C. adhering to a closed system D. continuously changing their values and mission

A

What is an attractor? A. a pattern of behavior that can be traced over time B. a discreet pattern of behavior C. an irrelevant pattern of behavior that detracts from the variable being investigated D. none of these

A

When leaders first respond to changes in the environment that threaten the organization's survival, their first concern should be ________________ A. the content of change B. the process of change C. the cycle of change D. the system of change

A

Which of the following proposed that organizations get into trouble when their fundamental beliefs and assumptions no longer fit reality? A. Drucker B. Lewin C. Lippitt D. Maslow

A

Witherspoon has enhanced his treatment of the executive coaching by ______________ A. incorporating double loop learning b. executive coaching using remote technology C. promoting executive coaching of undergraduate students D. group coaching

A

Alpha, beta, and gamma change illustrate that ______________ A. measurable change occurs in an orderly fashion B. predicting what might change during an intervention is not simple C. change is congruent with what you measure D. none of these

B

Bridges included in his transition model, _____________ A. a step in which leadership determines whether or not to change B. a neutral zone C. punctuated equilibrium D. the unconscious group

B

Continuous change, kaizen, and organizational learning are all examples of ____________ A. revolutionary change B. evolutionary change C. whole system perturbations D. all of these

B

Evolutionary change is ______________ A. revolutionary B. continuous C. sporadic D. none of these

B

Friedlander and Brown's review of early organization changes research framed their review in terms of two types of interventions that led to outcomes. The two categories of interventions were _______________ A. people and systems B. people and technology C. structure and technology D. systems and structure

B

Stein did which of the following to Lewin's three-step model of change? A. refuted it after testing it on organization change B. expanded and elaborated each step, and redesignated the steps as overlapping stages C. reversed them D. expanded them to five "phases"

B

The fundamental distinction between the content and process of change is that _______________ A. content is the how and process is the what B. content is the what and process is the how C. content is less important that the process D. process precedes content

B

The most important subsystem within an organization is ____________ A. the individual B. the primary work group C. the reward system D. none of these

B

What is 'beta change'? A. another term for "first order" change B. a recalibration of an interval along some constant dimension of reality C. a difference that occurs among some constant dimension of reality, typically measured comparatively, before and after the intervention D. a major change in the perspective or frame of reference within which phenomena are perceived and classified

B

When leaders choose a model for the steps to following when initiating organization change, they are focusing on _______________ A. the content of change B. the process of change C. the cycle of change D. the system of change

B

According to Burke, an effective strategy for helping work units embrace change is _____________ A. to tie making the change to a group-level monetary reward B. to tie not making the change to some form of group-level punishment C. to model the desired new behaviors at the top leadership level D. to involve the group in planning and implementing the change effort

D

An effective response to counter political resistance to change is to ____________ A. provide as much reassurance as possible and allow time to pass B. use coercive tactics C. Strong persuasion backed with as much data, facts, and substance as possible D. negotiate and trade something of value for the perceived loss

D

An organization that focuses on a change in mission, strategy, and/or culture is attempting ______________ A. evolutionary change B. revolutionary change C. continuous change D. the impossible

D

An organization that focuses on realigning skills with jobs in a specific department is attempting _______________ A. whole systems change B. action research C. revolutionary change D. none of these

D

Change occurs _____________ A. only if it is intentional and deliberate B. incrementally C. Radically D. both B and C

D

Chin & Benne's three strategies for planned change are ______________ A. it depends, participated management, and technology B. content, process, and strategy C. mission, vision, and culture D. empirical, normative, and power

D

Deep structure can pertain to ___________ A. The individuals B. groups C. organizations D. all of the above

D

Lewin's research on changing eating habits suggested that change requires three steps, which are _____________ A. freezing, unfreezing, and changing B. unfreezing, changing, and unfreezing C. unfreezing, refreezing, and moving D. unfreezing, moving, and refreezing

D

Lippitt, Watson, and Wesley did which of the following to Lewin's three-step model of change? A. refuted it after testing it on organization change B. expanded and elaborated each step and redesignated the steps as overlapping stages C. reversed them D. expanded them to five "phases"

D

What are the four theories that Van de Ven and Poole identified as four ideal categories to help understand the how and why of change? A. life cycle, teleological, dialectical, and stage B. life cycle, dialectical, field, and need C. life cycle, dialectical, evolutionary, and revolutionary D. life cycle, teleological, dialectical, and evolutionary

D

What is gamma change? A. another term for "first order" change B. a recalibration of an interval along some constant dimension of reality C. a difference that occurs among some constant dimension of reality, typically measured comparatively, before and after the intervention D. a major change in the perspective or frame of reference within which phenomena are perceived and classified

D