Wake Tech Final Exam Chapter Reviews
Current IQ test scores are standardizing using a mean of __________ and a standard deviation of __________.
100; 15
A research study produces a negative correlation between hours of sleep and test performance. Given this, what do we know about the relationship of the variables?
As hours of sleep decrease, test performance increases.
Carol got food poisoning once from a burger and now she becomes nauseated every time she sees a commercial for burgers. In this scenario, the image of the burger is the __________.
CS
As ice cream sales rise, so do cases of violent attacks. This implies which of the following?
Causation cannot be reliably determined.
A patient comes to a clinician with complaints of depression and anxiety. Given the DSM-5 rule of no symptom appearing in more than one category, which would likely be the diagnostic result?
Comorbid diagnoses would be recorded.
Dementia praecox was the original term used for a diagnosis of Schizophrenia. This term was given to us by:
Emil Kraepelin
A client is diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder using a categorical system of classification. Knowing this, what else might you suspect about this client?
There is a 45% chance she also has at least one other disorder.
When one is working with a client who has signs of depression, the most important first step is:
a comprehensive physical exam
James checks the locks on his door every time he has a bad thought. This might be an example of
a compulsion
A major purpose of a diagnosis is to __________.
aid communication among researchers and clinicians
When someone is stressed, which brain area becomes active?
amygdala
While major depression is __________, dysthymia is __________.
an episodic disorder; a persistent disorder
The inability to feel joy, happiness, or pleasure is called __________.
anhedonia
Some therapists and addicts utilize aversive treatments to help stop cravings/addictive behaviors. The reactions can include nausea and other physical symptoms. The substance used most often for aversive treatment is:
antabuse
The behaviors that are characteristic of Cluster C personality disorders are described as __________.
anxious, withdrawn, or fearful
From a practical standpoint, accurate diagnoses direct the psychologist toward __________.
appropriate treatment modalities
The most common type of hallucinations is __________.
auditory
The inability to make or follow through on plans is called __________.
avolition
Audra has a lot of trouble looking at herself in the mirror to put on her make-up. She thinks her nose is too big and that it makes her look like a witch. Which of the following would be a likely diagnosis?
body dysmorphic disorder
The disorder most likely to involve cutting one's wrists would be which of the following?
borderline
When a patient's symptoms include a pervasive pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and impulsivity, they most likely have __________ personality disorder.
borderline
"I got a B in the course. I'll never get into graduate school." This statement typifies the cognitive distortion known as __________.
catastrophizing
You are referred a patient who is experiencing difficulty walking and maintaining balance when upright. Given your understanding of the brain and its functioning, where might you suspect a lesion?
cerebellum
Determining if a patient's functioning improves after a treatment is BEST described by which of the following?
clinical significance
"So many men get prostate cancer, it must be some type of unidentified bacterial infection." This inaccurate belief about illness supports a __________ theory of somatic symptom disorders.
cognitive
A doctor who tries to get his OCD patient to re-examine his irrational beliefs most likely falls into which treatment theory?
cognitive
A psychologist is treating James for depression and suggests that he evaluate his thoughts and how they relate to symptoms. The therapist is likely using which model of therapy?
cognitive
A patient is experiencing depression. His therapist asks him to record his thoughts, feelings, and behaviors over the next week in order to identify "triggers". What type of therapy is this therapist probably using?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Neurotransmitters are the __________ of the brain.
communicating messengers
Which trichotillamania and obsessive-compulsive disorders have many features in common, they also have significant differences. One of these includes the fact that __________.
compulsions are a response to anxiety but hair pulling occurs in reaction to a wide range of negative emotions
Altered sensory and motor experiences are characteristic of __________ disorder.
conversion
Suicidal contagion refers to __________.
copycat suicides
Ataque de nervios is a __________.
culture-bound syndrome
Treatment of schizophrenia should begin as soon as possible after symptoms appear because __________.
delay increases the severity of the functional impairment
Disorientation, high blood pressure, high body temperatures, and episodes of aggression that are seen when an alcoholic is experiencing withdrawal is known as this term:
delirium tremens
An older woman frantically calls the State Attorney's Office to report someone trying to "control" her by broadcasting messages through her television. Highly agitated, she requests a thorough investigation. The content of this call typifies __________.
delusions of influence
Which personality disorders is marked by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation?
dependent
A few weeks ago, Marne experienced a sudden feeling of being removed from her body and observing herself sitting in class taking notes. This unusual experience has recurred. Yesterday, she had a sense that the hand that was writing notes was not her hand; she felt no pressure of the pencil against her fingers. Which of the following is most likely Marne's diagnosis?
depersonalization/derealization disorder
People with somatic symptom disorders often have comorbid anxiety or __________.
depressive disorders
An older man was picked up by police after he was found wandering along an interstate highway in a confused state. The man possessed no identifying information and he was unable to say who he was or where he lived. After his photograph appeared on television, a woman from an adjoining state identified the man as her father. What form of dissociative disorder did this man appear to have?
dissociative fugue
In using the same test more than once during the course of therapy, the psychologist is most likely trying to gauge the course of symptoms over time or the __________.
effect of treatment
Humans have naturally occurring pain relievers that certain drugs such as opioids imitate. The naturally occurring substances that these drugs mimic are:
endorphins and enkephalins
The case of John, whose parents decided to raise him as a girl after a circumcision injury, is presented in your text. Despite hormone replacement therapy and his parents' efforts to raise him as a girl, John never felt like a girl. This case shows that __________.
environmental efforts alone cannot overcome biology.
Celebrity stalkers who are diagnosed with delusional disorder often experience delusions with a(n) __________ theme.
erotomanic
The behaviors that are characteristic of Cluster B personality disorders are described as __________.
exaggerated, dramatic, or emotional
Ester used to pick at mosquito bites when she was younger and found that it made her feel better. When her parents divorced, she began picking at her arm, causing it to break open and bleed. She would then pick at the scabs, preventing them from healing properly. Now she finds that she engages in this behavior automatically when she is nervous about something. What would be her likely diagnosis?
excoriation
A researcher is interested in evaluating rates of posttraumatic stress disorder for firefighters involved in 9/11. In this example, participants would be labeled a(n) __________ cohort.
exposure
A mother brings her child into the hospital emergency room repeatedly for various illnesses that include breathing problems, diarrhea, and seizures. The doctors could not find anything wrong with the child and determined that the symptoms were actually induced by the mother. What would this disorder be called?
factitious disorder imposed on another
A researcher has asked you and your family to participate in a study of depression. Each member is given a checklist and asked questions about themselves and other family members. Which type of study is most closely associated with the method outlined in this example?
family history method
Mark is a college student who engages in a secret behavior. During university football games, rubbing his body against that of an unsuspecting female sexually arouses him. This contact causes him to become sexually aroused but he typically ends the incident by saying, "excuse me". What behavior is Mark most likely to be engaging in?
frotteuristic disorder
"I have to worry about the future. It's always been a good strategy. If I worry, I'm able to avoid problems and negative consequences. It's kind of like trouble-shooting." A statement of this sort would most likely come from someone who has __________.
generalized anxiety disorder
Cassandra is an honors student and one of the best varsity volleyball players. Despite her successes, she has begun to worry about her grades and standing in college, and her future. She has noticed that her mind goes blank in class and she has difficulty falling asleep at night. Most likely, Cassandra has __________.
generalized anxiety disorder
If a test about depression measures depression much better than other tests, it likely has which of the following?
good validity
Jane keeps thinking that she is tasting something sweet, even though there is no candy in her mouth. What type of hallucinations is she experiencing?
gustatory
A disorder that is inadvertently caused by a physician, medical or surgical treatment, or a diagnostic procedure is known as a(n) __________ response.
iatrogenic
"Doctor, I know I have a terrible disease and you just aren't telling me. I do not believe you when you say everything checked out okay." Which DSM-5 diagnosis might be typical for someone making those comments?
illness anxiety disorder
According to your text, common obsessions include thoughts about dirt and germs, aggression, failure to engage locks, and __________.
inappropriate sexual relations
Clinical assessments are important as they lead to a diagnosis. The diagnosis is often needed in order to gain which of the following?
insurance company reimbursement
According to your text, abnormal behavior is defined as behavior that is inconsistent with the individual's developmental, cultural, and societal norms, creates emotional distress, or __________.
interferes with daily functioning
One feature of obsessions that creates anxiety for an individual is their __________.
intrusive nature
Mania is a high, excessive mood often accompanied by inappropriate or dangerous behavior, pressured or rapid speech, a false sense of well-being, and
irritability
In the self-referent approach to interpreting a score, a person's score today __________.
is compared with an earlier score on the same test
Post-traumatic stress disorder is initiated when an individual experiences a traumatic event or
is witness to serious injury or the violent death of another.
April loves to steal things that she does not need. Which diagnosis would she likely receive?
kleptomania
Pleasure in completing a behavior is associated with which of the following disorders?
kleptomania
Two factors that clinicians should consider before making a personality disorder diagnosis are the patient's __________.
level of distress and level of impairment
Glove anesthesia involves __________.
loss of sensitivity in the hand and wrist
A persistent sad or low mood defines __________.
major depressive disorder
Sheldon has been married for two years and his wife is on the verge of leaving him. Within the last 6 months, he has not been sexually intimate with her. He admits that he rarely thinks about sex, has sexual fantasies, or masturbates. Before this recent decline in sexual interest, Sheldon reports that his marriage was "strong, loving, and highly sexual". Which of the following disorders fits Sheldon's clinical picture?
male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
The old name for Bipolar depression was:
manic depressive disorder
A fear of thunder is categorized as which of the following?
natural environment phobia
By completing rituals, individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder believe they can neutralize the threat of something bad. This behavior is maintained through which of the following behavioral mechanisms?
negative reinforcement
A placebo control group is one in which __________.
no active treatment is given
Gerry is a night watchman who has worked at the same company for 25 years. He is described as very shy and withdrawn around others. While this behavior is not problematic at work, his relatives find him "weird" and tend to shun him at family gatherings. Despite encouragement by his immediate family to mingle, Gerry hardly speaks to others at these events. According to the "goodness-of-fit" concept, Gerry's behavior would __________.
not be viewed as a problem at work but would be viewed as a problem at family gatherings
A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency differentiates __________ personality disorder from the other personality disorders.
obsessive-compulsive
The behaviors that are characteristic of Cluster A personality disorders are described as __________.
odd, quirky, or eccentric
Carl's therapist evaluates his depression every three months with a series of tests while he is undergoing treatment. This refers to which of the following?
outcome evaluation
Blood-injury-illness phobias are different from other phobias in a unique way involving vasovagal syncope. This condition involves __________.
parasympathetic system activation
A patient who meets the diagnostic criteria for more than one personality disorder is diagnosed with __________.
personality disorder-not otherwise specified
The characteristic way a person sees, interprets, and behaves in the world, which is relatively stable across time and many different situations, is called a __________.
personality trait
Alcohol and drugs may have a temporary disruptive effect on sexual functioning involving __________ in men and __________ in women.
premature ejaculation; orgasmic disorder
A patient committed suicide. In an attempt to better understand factors leading up to this death, the therapist interviews the patient's family, co-workers, friends, and treating physicians. This approach is known as a __________.
psychological autopsy
In __________ disorder patients exhibit symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders.
schizoaffective
An absence of impairment of some aspect of sexual response is called __________.
sexual dysfunction
Ronald enjoys inflicting some pain on his partners during sexual intercourse. He likely has which of the following?
sexual sadism disorder
People with PTSD often report which of the following?
shame
Scientists have discovered via MRI studies that inhalants can cause structural damage to the brain that may include:
shrinkage of the cerebral cortex
For the diagnosis of a sexual dysfunction, which of the following must be present?
significant distress
A fear of flying is categorized as which of the following?
situational phobia
Some people suffer from a feeling that a thousand eyes are watching every move they make. In addition, they may be preoccupied with the impression that they make on others, usually assuming it to be negative. As a result, these people may avoid situations in which they will have to interact with large numbers of people. How would you categorize this behavior?
social anxiety disorder
Derrick has experienced intense pain in his lower back for the last 18 months. Even though an extensive medical evaluation found no physical basis for his complaints, he feels in too much pain to return to work. Derrick is becoming angry and depressed over his doctor's view that his problem is in his head and often spends time visiting emergency rooms for pain medication. Given what you know, what may Derrick be experiencing?
somatic symptom disorder
In operant conditioning, a reinforcer serves to __________ a behavior it follows.
strengthen
Carl Rogers proposed that phenomenology is critical in understanding an individual. Phenomenology means the __________.
subjective world of the individual
A serious side effect associated with typical antipsychotic medications is a neurological condition characterized by abnormal and involuntary movements. This condition is called __________.
tardive dyskinesia
Familismo, a concept common in Latino culture is defined as __________.
the centrality of, and obligation to, family over self and peers
A psychologist designs a study to investigate the effect of diaphragmatic breathing on test anxiety. After recruiting test-anxious subjects, the researcher splits the group so that two equivalent groups are created. One group is taught this method of breathing and asked to use it before taking a verbal memory test, while the other group is not taught the technique. After scoring the tests and conducting a statistical test, the researcher finds that the group that received the training significantly outperformed the other group. In this design, the test scores for each group would be __________.
the dependent variable
Although Anton Mesmer was criticized for his animal magnetism approach to treatment, he managed to demonstrate the importance of __________.
the placebo effect
According to Freud's theory, the id is __________.
the source of basic drives and of psychic energy
Raphael can only become sexually aroused when he is wearing his wife's slip. Although she had caught hime earlier wearing her slip, he had promised to stop the behavior. Recently, his wife was cleaning the house and found several of her slips beneath a cushion on the sofa. What paraphilic condition is Raphael most likely to have?
transvestic disorder
Kyle loves to walk around the neighborhood and secretly peer into windows to watch women undress. He likely has which of the following?
voyeuristic disorder
