Web Design Chapter 1

Web Server

-Every website and webpage also needs a web server -a web server is a computer running special software which is always connected to the internet -when you type a URL into your web browser or click a link in a web page, you send a request to the server hosting that information -can contain huge number of pages, and we request one at a time (each page)

Components of The Internet

-World Wide Web -URLs -Web servers -on the textbook it means a special computer -but sometimes it can mean software too -Sites -Pages -Web Browsers -Internet service providers

Sites

-a site is a collection of interlinked pages -for a particular organization, department or unit -if you don't not specifically request a certain page it will go to the default page

GUI

-a way to present program output to users using pictures, icons, and other graphical elements instead of text -to www, it's the web browser: Mozilla, netscape, IE -in 1993 Mark Andreessen, Mosaic- the first GUI program widely available for PC's that can read HTML and use hyperlinks to navigate from page to page on computers on the internet -in 1994 netscape- was an instant success -in 1995 microsoft created its internet explorer web browser and entered the market -now a number of web browsers exist

4 Parts of a URL

-http- service part -host name (domain name) www.uwinnipeg.ca -port number (not usually seen) -location /1809-001/

HTML

-hypertext markup language -it is a language that describes a documents structure and content -used for the physical features -it is designed to specify the logical organization of a document -the standard language used on the WWW -to allow web browser to read and interpret them -It is not designed to be the language of a WYSIWYG word processor such as MS word -because all the same HTML document may be viewed by many different web browsers with very different abilities -example: HTML allows you to mark selections of text as titles or paragraphs and then leaves the interpretation of these marked elements up to the browser

Hypertext

-in 1960s Ted Nelson described a system -text on one page links to text on other pages -he called this system hypertext -douglas Englebart created the first experimental hypertext system on one of the large computers of the 1960s -he is also the inventor of the computer mouse -1991: Tim Berners Lee and Robert Cailliau developed the code for a hypertext server and made it available on the internet -they called it their system of hyperlinked HTML document World Wide Web

Internet Service Provider

-provide connection to the internet -we use to gain access to the internet -this connection can be made through a phone line (MTS) or through a cable line with a company like shaw -it can be wireless too from starbucks to MTS to public library, many provide Wifi services

HTML Versions

-the world wide web consortium (W3C) is a group of web developers founded in 1994 that stepped in and began publishing a list of recommendations called standards for HTML and other web languages -last official standard for HTML is HTML 4.01 -in 2000 it released XHTML 1.0 the x for extensible, and 2.0 in 2001 -in 2008 they released a working draft of HTML (HTML5) -capable to do almost anything a web designer wants to do without the help of plug ins -features: -more intuitive structure -better portability -next generation forms -rich media -audio and video -on October 28 2014 HTML5 was formally released as a W3C recommendation -it is the final and complete (fifth) revision of the HTML standard

Web Browsers

-they retrieve the information (web pages) for you -software that runs on your personal computer and enables you to view web pages -interpret the HTML code and provide a visual layout displayed on the screen -can also be used to check web based email -the most popular browser include Microsoft internet explorer, google chrome mozilla firefox, safari -most of the popular browsers are part of a breed called Mozilla based browsers -this name comes from the fact that each browser is based on a framework named Mozilla which has its roots in the old netscape browser -are updated regularly changing to address new aspects of HTML or emerging technologies -this means at any given time there may be 2 or 3 active versions of one browser and several different versions of other browsers being employed by the general public -as a web developer you need to deal with this issue and create web pages that work properly on different versions of different browsers

Pages

-when you visit a website you look at pages on the site that contain all its text, graphics, sound, and video content -a page usually ends with htm or html -a default page of a particular site can be index.html or home.html which you can skip when typing the URL -new content management system could use different fashion- like wordpress

Domain Name

-you can think of the domain name as a label or a shortcut -behind that shortcut it is a series of numbers, called an IP address -IP address gives the specific address of where the site you're looking for is located on the internet

World Wide Web History

2 important innovations leading to WWW -hypertext -GUI (graphical user interface)

URL

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) -the unique address of any Web document -it contains the following information -the type of service the resource is served by -the internet host name of the site containing the resource -the internet port number of the service -the location of the resource in the directory structure of the server -A websites URL starts with http:// and they usually end with .com, .org, .edu, .net, .ca -every website has a URL -one part of a URL is the domain name which help identifies and locates computers on the internet -to avoid confusion, each domain name is unique

WWW

World Wide Web -www is a network of information resources -three components: 1. a simple protocol to access documents on servers: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 2. A simple language for structuring documents and providing links between them (Hypertext): Hypertext markup language (HTML) 3. Browsers to access documents from servers (web servers) and present these documents to human readers -a client/server system -web browsers: MS internet explorer, Mozilla firefox, chrome, safari, opera, etc. -web server: Internet server that speaks HTTP- apache, MS IIs, etc