Webmaster Mid-Term

The ____ type is the specific category of information that a variable contains. variable data content

data

One way to ensure that a variable is of the correct data type is through type ____. naming identifying casting

casting

The strtok() function breaks a program into functions. True False

False

A ____ statement is used to iterate or loop through the elements in an array. for while foreach if...else

foreach

Exponential ____ is a shortened format for writing very large numbers with any decimal places. numbering notation registering

notation

The metacharacter, ____, specifies an anchor at the end of the line. (\) (&) (^) ($)

($)

The ____ quantifier specifies that zero or more of the preceding characters can match. (&) (*) (#) (?)

(*)

The ____ metacharacter is used to specify a range of values in a character class. (-) (+) (@) (')

(-)

The ____ metacharacter is used to allow a string to contain an alternate set of substrings. (!) (|) (\) (/)

(|)

When using the CSS3 border-radius property, values are expressed in pixels, with ____ creating a standard square border and larger numbers increasing the curve of the rounded area. 0 1 5 10

0

Referring to the figure above, the correct alpha value to set the background value of the figcaption element to 60% opaque, is ____. .006 .06 0.6 60

0.6

When using rgba and hsla, the earlier triplet of values becomes a set of four, with the final value representing the level of opacity as a decimal value from 0 (fully transparent) to ____ (totally opaque). 1 3 5 10

1

Tanner is building a Web site featuring safety tips for new hockey players. During his research, Tanner discovers a CSS pseudo-element ::selection. He decides not to use it as it was first supported starting with CSS version ____. 2.1 2.5 3 4

3

The PHP Group recommends you use the standard ____ script delimiters to write PHP code declaration blocks. <? statements ?> <?php statements ?> <script language = "php">statements</script>

<?php statements ?>

The ____ symbol is used to suppress any errors that might be generated by an expression to which it is prepended. # => @

@

You can use the border-radius property as a shorthand property, specifying ____ values to set different border radii for different corners with a single name-value pair. 2 3 4 Any of the above.

Any of the above.

Logical operators are used for comparing two ____ operands for equality. numeric Boolean String

Boolean

Referring to the figure above, the following entries are optional: ____. 3px #333 Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

Both A and B

Jenna manages the Web site for her band. She is exploring browser sniffing and feature detection to see which method will work best on the Web site to announce the dates and times of the band's gigs. Jenna decides to use feature detection on her site as her research shows her that ____. it is more reliable it provides a more detailed picture of the capabilities of a user's browser Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

Both A and B.

Older browsers do not support the ____ property, so adding an rgb triplet is a useful tool for graceful degradation for these properties as well. hsl hsla Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

Both A and B.

Referring to the figure above, the ____ offsets are 2px. vertical horizontal Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

Both A and B.

Unlike the other pseudo-elements, which simply select parts of existing Web page elements, the ____ pseudo-elements enable you to insert content into Web pages using style rules. :before :after Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

Both A and B.

____ has -webkit and -moz variants. Text-shadow Box-shadow Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

Box-shadow

____ are lines you place in your code that do not get executed but provide helpful information such as the name of the script, your name and the date your created the program. Pointers Instructions Comments

Comments

____ assignment operators perform mathematical calculations on variables and literal values in an expression and then assign a new value to the left operand. Compound Complex Binary

Compound

____ quantifiers allow you to more precisely specify the number of times a character must repeat sequentially. Curly brace Curly bracket Parentheses Double quotation marks

Curly brace

A useful tool is a script written specifically to bridge the gap between browsers with reduced feature sets and more fully featured browsers. Many of these scripts, known as ____, are available for use by anyone free of charge. shims patches Either A or B. Neither A nor B.

Either A or B.

$_ABC1 is a valid variable identifier. True False

False

A function executes automatically. True False

False

A function must contain a parameter. True False

False

A function must return a value. True False

False

A line comment must be placed at the end of the line to which the comment refers. True False

False

A megaphone is an algorithm that returns a code for indexing words by their sound, when pronounced in English True False

False

Both the echo and print statements return a value of 1 if successful and 0 if not successful. True False

False

Some styles can neatly fall back to other CSS properties, such as a(n) hsl color value substituting when an rgba value isn't recognized. True False

False

Style rules based on the :before or :after pseudo-elements don't need to specify an optional value for the content property. True False

False

The formal parameters within the parentheses of a function declaration are global variables. True False

False

The function substr_count() returns the total number of characters in a string. True False

False

The include statement and the require statement perform the same function and can be used interchangeably. True False

False

The metacharacter (^) anchors characters to the end of a string. True False

False

The numbering of elements within an array starts with an index number of one (1). True False

False

The opposite of the explode() function is the implode() function. True False

False

The primary purpose of a semicolon in PHP is to identify the end of a line. True False

False

The source code for PHP can be viewed in the client browser. True False

False

The statements in a do...while statement always execute repeatedly before the conditional expression evaluates the count variable. True False

False

The str_word_count() function returns the number of digits in a string. True False

False

Using parentheses to enclose the conditional expression of an if statement is optional. True False

False

When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making statement, they are referred to as multiple decision-making structures. True False

False

When using the <script> element, a value of "php" must be assigned to the type attribute. True False

False

When working with the box-shadow property, decreasing the horizontal and vertical offsets moves the shadow farther away from the primary box/figure. True False

False

When you pass a variable name to the echo statement, you must enclose the variable name in double quotation marks. True False

False

You can use the terminate statement to halt a looping statement and restart the loop with a new iteration. True False

False

You will not receive an error if you attempt to use a foreach statement with any variable types other than arrays. True False

False

____ a variable is the processing of assigning a first value to a variable. Initializing Declaring Finalizing

Initializing

____ are positive and negative numbers and 0 with no decimal places. Integers Numbers Digits

Integers

____ is a free script library created by Faruk Ates and Paul Irish. Once it is linked to a Web page, it tests each user's browser to detect which properties are supported. CSS3 Bing W3C Modernizer

Modernizer

____ are symbols such as the (+) symbol that are used in expressions to manipulate operands. Literals Operators Expressions

Operators

A comparison operator returns a Boolean value of TRUE or FALSE after two operands have been compared. True False

True

A function definition contains the lines of code that make up a function. True False

True

A return statement is a statement that returns a value to the statement that called the function. True False

True

A text string can be contained in either double or single quotation marks. True False

True

A unary operator requires an operand before or after the operator. True False

True

All Web pages containing PHP code must have an extension of .php. True False

True

An anchor specifies that a pattern must appear at that position in the string. True False

True

An effect used in some print layouts is a(n) text shadow, which creates the appearance of a shadow on a surface behind each letter. True False

True

Array names are often referred to with the array operators [ and ] at the end of the name to clearly define them as arrays. True False

True

Browser sniffing has an important drawback browsers may not always identify themselves accurately. True False

True

Data types that can be assigned only a single value are called primitive types. True False

True

Feature detection is more reliable than browser sniffing and also provides a more detailed picture of the capabilities of a user's browser. True False

True

If you attempt to use a local variable outside the function in which it is declared, you receive an error message. True False

True

If you use a variable name in a text string enclosed by single quotation marks, the name of the variable will display. True False

True

In PHP programming, you can only use TRUE or FALSE to indicate Boolean values. True False

True

In PHP, you must declare a global variable with the global keyword inside a function definition for the variable to be available within the scope of that function. True False

True

Once Modernizr is linked to a Web page, it tests each user's browser to detect which properties are supported. True False

True

One of the primary differences between the while statement and the for statement is that in addition to a conditional expression, the for statement can also include code that initializes a counter and changes its value with each iteration. True False

True

Placing a backslash in front of an apostrophe tells the PHP scripting engine that the apostrophe is to be treated as a regular keyboard character. True False

True

Regular expression patterns are enclosed in opening and closing delimiters. True False

True

Regular expressions are patterns that are used for matching and manipulating strings according to specified rules. True False

True

Some tools package many shims together into a(n) library of scripts. True False

True

Sometimes the creators of browser rendering engines include support for CSS properties whose functions and syntax haven't yet reached consensus in the W3C development process. True False

True

The concatenation assignment operator (.=) combines two text strings. True False

True

The concatenation operator (.) combines several string variables and literal strings and assigns the new value to another variable. True False

True

The default label contains statements that execute when the value returned by the switch statement expression does not match any case label. True False

True

The do...while statement executes a statement or statements once, then repeats the execution as long as a given conditional expression evaluates to TRUE. True False

True

The else clause can only be used with an if statement. True False

True

The escape character combined with one or more other characters is called an escape sequence. True False

True

The escape sequence to insert a carriage return is \r. True False

True

The explode() function splits a string into an indexed array at a specified separator. True False

True

The for statement performs essentially the same function as the while statement. True False

True

The levenshtein() function returns the number of characters you need to change for two strings to be the same. True False

True

The main content and capabilities of a Web site should be available for users of the least-featured browsers employed by a significant share of your users. True False

True

The metacharacter (.) matches any single character. True False

True

The modulus operator returns the remainder left from the division of two integers. True False

True

The primary use of the include and require statements is to reuse content on multiple web pages by allowing you to insert the content of an external file, called an include file, in your PHP scripts. True False

True

The sound ex() function returns a value representing a name's phonetic equivalent. True False

True

The strcasecmp() function and the strcmp() function respectively perform a case-insensitive and case-sensitive comparison of strings. True False

True

The strchr() function or strrchr() function return a substring from the specified characters to the end of the string. True False

True

The strpos() function performs a case-sensitive search for specified characters in a string and returns the position of the first occurrence of a substring within a string. True False

True

The switch statement controls program flow by executing a specific set of statements, depending on the value of an expression. True False

True

The syntax for the strtok() function is $variable=strtok(string, separators) True False

True

The term parsing refers to the act of dividing a string into logical component substrings or tokens. True False

True

The values assigned to different array elements of the same array can be of different data types. True False

True

To ensure that the while statement will eventually end, you must include code within the body of the while statement that changes the value of the conditional expression. True False

True

To insert a horizontal tab, use the escape sequence \t. True False

True

Traditionally, text shadows have been brought to Web pages by creating the effects in image manipulation software and then linking to a graphic showing the text in the HTML code. True False

True

Type casting, changes the data type of a variable from one data type to another. True False

True

Using the standard method of writing PHP blocks, the <?php and ?> are used to begin and end a code block. True False

True

When using multiple arguments in a function, you must separate the arguments with a comma. True False

True

When you assign a NULL value to a variable, you ensure that the variable does not contain any data. True False

True

You can specify two values for any border-radius property to create more oblong corners. True False

True

You can use parentheses with expressions to change the associations in which individual operations in an expression are evaluated. True False

True

The border-radius property sets values for ____. one corner of an element at a time two corners of an element at a time three corners of an element at a time all four corners of an element at once

all four corners of an element at once

CSS3 made both rgb and hsl more flexible by adding a(n) ____ channel. alpha omega vertical horizontal

alpha

In a regular expression, a(n) ____ specifies that the pattern must appear at that position in the string. pointer anchor position spotter

anchor

A(n) ____ operator is used in PHP to perform mathematical calculations. math arithmetic calculation

arithmetic

The print_r() var_export(), and var_dump()functions are used with ____ to display the index and value of each element. variables functions arrays

arrays

In PHP, the escape character is the ____. pipe (|) period (.) semicolon() backslash(\)

backslash(\)

The value for the text-shadow property ____ controls the width and lightness of shadow. offset blur shadow opacity

blur

A command block is a group of statements within a set of opening and closing ____. brackets braces parentheses quotation marks

braces

The strcmp() function performs a ____ comparison of two strings. case-insensitive standard case-sensitive sub-standard

case-sensitive

The CSS3 text-shadow property takes four values that includes shadow ____. offset blur color opacity

color

The value for the text-shadow property ____ controls the color of the shadow behind text. offset blur color opacity

color

A structure in which variables are placed within curly braces inside of a string is called a ____. complex string syntax simple string syntax function method

complex string syntax

The ____ operator executes one of two expressions based on the results of a conditional expression. conditional expressional comparison

conditional

Style rules based on the :before or :after pseudo-elements must specify a value for the ____ property, which can be either text or the path and name for an image file. content hold file value

content

A ____ is a variable that increments or decrements with each iteration of a loop statement counter incrementer/decrementer iterator repetitor

counter

The ____ function is used to create a constant. create() define() describe()

define()

What will be returned if you use a local variable outside the function in which it is declared? value error message function nothing

error message

The ____ function splits a string into an indexed array. repair() implode() explode() strtok()

explode()

A(n) ____ is a literal value or variable that can be evaluated by the PHP scripting engine to produce a result. expression condition clause

expression

Instead of using browser sniffing, Modernizer runs a series of tests and uses the results to decide which features a user's browser supports, a process known as ____ detection. class CSS feature browser

feature

When using a drop cap, you use the ____ property to make the text that follows the enlarged letter flow around it. shadow value flow float

float

Referring to the figure above, the first entry of "5px" refers to the text-shadow property of ____. horizontal offset vertical offset blur color

horizontal offset

You can specify two values for any border-radius property to create more oblong corners the first value is the ____. horizontal radius vertical radius blur shadow color

horizontal radius

For each feature for which Modernizer finds support in a user's browser, it adds a class value to the ____ element. http html javascript ftp

html

The ____ function converts any occurrence of (&), ("), ('), (<), and (>) to their equivalent HTML character entity. converttohtml() specialhtml() htmlspecialchars() convertchars()

htmlspecialchars()

Tanner is building a Web site featuring safety tips for new hockey players. Tanner wants a first aid symbol to be inserted before each element of the class he created called "first aid." He would use the content type of ____. text image table icon

image

A(n) ____ is an element's numeric position within an array. location index indicator

index

If you do not include code that changes the value used the by the condition expression your program will be caught in a ____ loop. continuous continuing constant infinite

infinite

A variable's scope can be either global or ____. local undeclared universal declared

local

The parameters within the parentheses of a function declaration are what kind of variables? local global unknown declared

local

When one decision-making statement is contained within another decision-making statement it is referred to as a ____ decision-making structure. enclosed contained nested layered

nested

The strlen() function returns the total ____ in a string. number of numerals number of characters number of occurrences number of words

number of characters

Referring to the figure above, the box-shadow property is similar to the text-shadow property except that it ____. offers -webkit and -moz variants does not use the blur value does not use the color value does not use the horizontal offset value

offers -webkit and -moz variants

The CSS3 text-shadow property takes four values that includes horizontal ____. offset blur color opacity

offset

The CSS3 text-shadow property takes four values that includes vertical ____. offset blur color opacity

offset

The characters contained in a set of parentheses within a regular expression are referred as a ____. subpattern basepattern nested pattern base expression

subpattern

Referring to the figure above, the second entry of "5px" refers to the text-shadow property of ____. horizontal offset vertical offset blur color

vertical offset

You can specify two values for any border-radius property to create more oblong corners the second value is the ____. horizontal radius vertical radius blur shadow color

vertical radius

____ are special characters that define the pattern matching rules in a regular expression. Specialchars Patterncharacters Expressionchars Metacharacters

Metacharacters

You use the ____ function to find the total number of elements in an array. sum() counta() count()

count()

Which of the following is NOT a system that CSS enables you to specify the color numerically for a Web page element? hexadecimal rgb hsl primary color

primary color

Data types that can be assigned only a single value are called ____ types. individual mono primitive

primitive

Beginning in version 2 of the language, CSS has included ____, which are selectors that enable you to isolate a piece of a larger element for styling. alpha-elements alpha-properties pseudo-elements pseudo-properties

pseudo-elements

The ____ statement halts the processing of the web page and displays an error if an include file cannot be found. include insert Insert-contents Require

require

Referring to the figure above, the ____ value has been applied to the figcaption element "The Sun Room." rgb rgba Both A and B. Neither A nor B.

rgba

The ____ function randomly scrambles the order of characters in a string. str_scramble() str_shuffle() str_jumble() str_random()

str_shuffle()

The ____ operation uses the === (triple equal sign) to compare two operands for equality and data type. equal strict equal comparison

strict equal

The most commonly used string counting function is the ____ function, which returns the total number of characters in a string. str_count() strlen() strpos() total()

strlen()

Which of the following terms is not associated with the switch statement? switch title case label executable statements break keyword

switch title

Tanner is building a Web site featuring safety tips for new hockey players. Tanner wants the words "Safety First" to be inserted before each element of the class he created called "tips." To do this, he should use the content type of ____. text image table icon

text

The ____ function will remove both leading and trailing spaces from a string. ltrim() rtrm() trim() strtrim()

trim()

A(n) ____ operator requires a single operand either before or after the operator. unary single binary

unary

Assignment operators are used to assign a ____ to a variable. name value data type

value

When you declare a global variable with the global keyword you do not need to assign the variable a(n) ____. value definition function name

value

A(n) ____ statement is a control structure that repeatedly executes a statement or series of statements while a specific condition is TRUE or until a specific condition becomes TRUE. repeat replicate loop circular

loop

The ____ function uses a strong encryption algorithm called Message-Digest Algorithm to create a one-way hash of an entered string. strhash() str-ireplace() mda() md5()

md5()

The ____ operator uses the % symbol to find the remainder of integer division. division modulus arithmetic

modulus

Referring to the figure above, the class that was added to apply results of Modernizr scripts to the Web page is ____. "no-js" "utf-8" "text/css" "scripts/modernizr-1.6.min.js"

"no-js"

The escape sequence \\ inserts a comment. True False

False

You can use the :before and :after pseudo-elements ____. to add repeating text to all elements of a given class to specify beginning indicators for each page in a Web site to specify ending indicators for each page in a Web site All of the above.

All of the above

If a command block is missing either the opening or closing brace, an error occurs. True False

True

PHP support Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE). True False

True

Variable scope refers to the location that a declared variable can be used. True False

True

The escape character sequence ____ inserts a new line. 133 options: \l \CR \n \nl

\n

The escape sequence to insert a carriage return is ____. \r \cr \t \\

\r

The escape sequence \\ inserts a(n) ____. comment web ink backslash directory

backslash

With many programming languages global variables are automatically available to all parts of your program, including ____. statements definitions functions declarations

functions

The ____ file is typically d with a prefix of inc_. insert include nested increment

include

The ____ function tests whether a variable contains a numeric data type. is_number() is_digit() is_numeric()

is_numeric()

In the code [if lt IE 7], lt stands for ____. greater than equal to less than not

less than

The concatenation operator in PHP is a ____. plus sign (+) period (.) minus sign (-) mark (?)

period (.)

When you use a variable in a PHP program, you must be aware of the variable's ____. placement scope function statement

scope

Jenna manages the Web site for her band. She is exploring browser sniffing and feature detection to see which method will work best on the Web site to announce the dates and times of the band's gigs. Jenna discovers that browser sniffing relies on a ____ which asks the browser to identify itself. property value script pseudo-element

script

Referring to the figure above, the last entry "#333" indicates the color of the ____. text shadow behind the text opacity All of the above.

shadow behind the text

In a ____ programming language the data type for a variable will not change after it has been declared. loosely typed strongly typed constantly typed

strongly typed

The ____ function converts all of the letters in a string to capital letters. strtoupper() stringtoupper() strtolower() stringtolower()

strtoupper()

Arrays and objects are examples of the primitive data type. True False

False

CSS3 made both rgb and hsl more flexible by adding an omega channel the resulting systems are known as rgbo and hslo. True False

False

Constant names are always case sensitive. True False

False

Constant names, like variable names, must begin with a $. True False

False

Few browsers add a shadow to nav bar text when the mouse pointer is over it. True False

False

Function arguments are the statements that do the actual work of the function and must be contained within the function braces. True False

False

Functions are placed within parentheses that follow a parameter name. True False

False

Global variables are automatically available to all parts of your program, including functions. True False

False

In PHP, each statement must be placed on a separate line. True False

False

In PHP, you are limited to ten (10) code blocks in a single page. True False

False

In PHP, you can declare a variable without assigning a value to it. True False

False

Include statements support only absolute path notation. True False

False

It is a good practice to name all Web files with a .php extension even if they contain no PHP code. True False

False

Like a pseudo-class, a pseudo-element is preceded by a(n) question mark. True False

False

Like variables, function names are case sensitive. True False

False

Metacharacters that specify the quantity of a match qualifiers. True False

False

Only in older browsers can you precede a pseudo-element with two colons ( :: ) to differentiate it visually from a pseudo-class. True False

False

Setting the line width for a drop cap is commonly necessary to integrate the letter optimally with the remaining paragraph text. True False

False

CSS enables you to specify the color numerically for a Web page element using the hexadecimal, rgb (red gray blue), and hsl systems. True False

False

ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Internet Information. True False

False

All text strings must begin and end with double quotation marks. True False

False

An escape character tells the compiler or interpreter to exit the program at the escape character. True False

False

Rather than making advanced features crucial to the layout of a Web site, you should add additional features as enhancements only for browsers that can render them, a practice known as degraded enhancement. True False

False

Recent versions of CSS have decreased the aspects of Web pages that CSS can style. True False

False