Website Images and Videos. Unit 3

Scanner

can scan a printed image or text and transfer it to a computer. To do this, the scanner translates the image or text into a language that the computer can use. Using a scanner can be an important part of building a website. This tool can help you get all of your images into a digital format that can be used on your website. This is especially helpful if you want to display hand-drawn artwork or print photos.

Creative Commons

(www.creativecommons.org) is a nonprofit organization that encourages authors and artists to share their works with the public through public domain licenses.

Original works

any original work created as a fixed, tangible form of expression. Original works fall under protected work.

Image Citation Format

A citation for an image downloaded or printed from the Internet is similar to citing a website. You only need three additional elements: the artist's name, the title or description of the image, and the licensing information.Artist's name, if known. "Title or Description of Artwork." License Type or Public Domain. Site Name or Organization Name. Date of publication or revision (or access, if no publication date is available). URL (address of web page featuring the image). Examples Duchamp, Marcel. "L.H.O.O.Q." Public Domain. National Gallery of Art. Originally published 1919; accessed online September 16, 2014. https://www.nga.gov/images/decor/dadainfo_fs.shtm. Buck, Matt. "Looking North over Traeth Mawr from a Ffestiniog Railway Train on the Cob in Porthmadog." Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0. Flickr. October 2, 2015. https://www.flickr.com/photos/mattbuck007/22351625063/.

Megapixels (MPs)

Decribe the qualitr of a picture. A pixel is one of the thousands of small dots that makes up a digital photographA higher number of megapixels usually means a better quality photograph.You may see the actual dots forming the photograph in images of less than one megapixel. Professional photographers generally use cameras with high numbers of megapixels..

Audio Video Interleave (AVI)

Developed by Microsoft, this is one of the oldest video formats. Its structural design allows it to run on many types of operating systems. This file is also supported by most popular web browsers.

Scanner

A harware device that captures an image of a document, photograph, magizine, or other type of print document. Different types of scanners: flatbed scanner—an external hardware device that uses a scanning head that moves under a flat glass surface to capture images of paper documents, books, photos, or other objects that can be held flat against the glass sheet-fed scanner— an external hardware device that allows users to feed loose sheets of paper through a guided head to scan documents handheld scanner—a handheld external hardware device that allows users to scan materials by moving the device across the paper or object scanner mobile app—software that can be downloaded and used on a smartphone or mobile device to allow users to scan images, documents, and objects and save them as JPG or PDF files. Flatbed scanners, sheet-fed scanners, and handheld scanners all connect to a computer via a USB cable or wireless connection.

Thumbnail

A small, low resolution version of an image that is often linked to the full sized image. The key to this definition is "low resolution." If you provide a smaller version of an image that's the same resolution, you're not really saving any space or load time. Thumbnails make it easier to quickly scan through several images.

External hard drive

A type of disk drive that contains one or more hard disks, external hard drives can be hooked up to your computer through USB or FireWire connections. While USB drives storing 1,000 or more gigabytes of data are still rare and expensive, many external hard drives can affordably store one or two terabytes. A handful of higher-end models are even capable of storing eight or more terabytes.

Basic Copyright Format

All copyrighted images MUST contain a copyright notice in the caption line, even if you have written permission to use it. Copyright lines are formatted like this: © [year] Source Example © 2010 Photos.com

Rollover

An image displayed on the Web that calls for an action when the user's mouse is moved onto the image. Rollovers can have four different states: up, hover, down and visited. Up state: is what the image looks like when the mouse is not hovering over it. Hover state: is what the image looks like when the mouse is hovering over it. Down state: is what the image looks like when the mouse is clicked on the image. Visited state: is what the image looks like after the image has been clicked.

USB flash drive

Commonly called a USB key or thumb drive, this small external disc drive plugs into the USB port on your computer. It is often not much bigger than the USB connector attached to it. USB drives vary in size, weight, and memory capacity, but most are small enough to attach to a key chain (hence the name USB key). Most hold anywhere from 2 to 128 GB of data, but one or two high-end models can hold up to a terabyte (1,000 GB)!

Flash

Encoded by Adobe Flash software, this type of file tends to show up on YouTube and other streaming websites. This file type typically maintains its high quality after compression

Load time

Especially a problem when a Web page has a multitude of images.

Fair use

Fair use is the right of the public to make reasonable use of copyrighted material without the copyright owner's permission. The United States Copyright Act recognizes fair use of a copyrighted work as including such purposes as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research.The law lists the following factors for courts to consider when determining whether a particular use of a copyrighted work is a permitted fair use or an infringement of the copyright: The purpose and character of the use This includes whether the use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes. The noncommercial educational use is more likely to be a fair use. The nature of the copyrighted work The more factual and less creative the work, the more likely it is to be fair use. The amount of the portion used in relation to the work as a whole The more of the work that is used, the less likely the usage is to be fair use. The effect of the use upon the market for or value of the copyrighted work In other words, is the use taking money away from the copyright owner?

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

Gif images use lossless compression, unlike JPG, when they are saved. This means that they do not lose any quality when they are compressed. GIF images have other advantages over the JPG format. They support animation and transparency. You can also create GIFs that have a transparent background. This lets you place the image over a Web page's background. GIF only supports 256 colors. This means they aren't a good fit for photographs. This format was created to be displayed on a screen, so GIF is definitely not the best choice for images you'd like to make available for printing.

Copyright Registration

If you create something and want to register your copyright, you will need to fill out a simple form and, in some cases, deposit one or two samples of the work with the U.S. Copyright Office. There are different forms for different types of works; you can look over the registration process on the United States Copyright Office website.

Wireframe

Preliminary map of the website's layout and elements.

Basic Formats for Images on Web

JPG, GIF, PNG. All three of these image types use some form of compression when they are saved.

Resolution

Level of detail an image contains. Most common way to measure resolution is as pixle count. The mosre pixles per inch in a image, the higher the resolution (vise versa). On the web the recommended resolution is 72 dpi. This resolution allows images to be clear, but small enough to load in a reasonable amount of time.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

Like GIFs, the PNG uses lossless compression. This image format was created to replace the GIF format, but both are still used very commonly. Like the GIF format, PNGs support animation (APNG format) and transparency. One major difference between the two is that PNG images can be printed at a high resolution. GIF images are better suited for on-screen use only. The major drawback of PNG images is that they are not fully supported on all Internet browsers.

GIMP

Most scanners also come with image manipulation software to adjust your scanned images. In this course, you will be using GIMP, an open source image editing program. GIMP allows you to crop a photo, adjust its brightness, and experiment with many other editing features.

Pixels

Picture Element. Digital images are made up of individual pixels, or dots. They are tiny, rectanglualr piece of an image.Rows and columns of various colors and shades of pixels come together to create an image. Pixels are used to determine image size.

PPI (pixels per inch)

Pixles per inch are often called dpi (dots per inch) in image-editing programs.

Public Domain

Public domain works are not restricted by copyright and do not require a license or fee to use. Public domain status allows the user unrestricted access and unlimited creativity! Works that automatically enter the public domain upon creation, because they are not copyrightable: Titles, names, short phrases and slogans, familiar symbols, numbers Ideas and facts (e.g., the date of the Gettysburg Address) Processes and systems Government works and documents Works that have been assigned to the public domain by their creators Works that have entered the public domain because the copyright on them has expired

TWAIN driver

Scanners come with specialized software, including a TWAIN driver. The TWAIN driver allows the scanner to communicate with your computer.

Video editing

The process of controlling and rearranging video shots to create a new video sequence. This is often part of the postproduction process, which includes other tasks like color correcting and sound mixing.

Compression

The process of reducing the amount of data in an image. It lessens the file size and makes it easier to transfer (download or send) or store the file. Usually results in loss of image quality, this loss however can be controlled.

Universal Serial Bus Cables (USB)

are the most common way to connect hardware.

Image Size. (with digital images)

The number of pixels by the number of inches in height. The closer together pixels are to each other, the clearer the image.

Copyright Symbol

The © symbol, the word "Copyright," and the abbreviation Copr. are all used to show that a work is protected under copyright law. A full copyright notice includes the year of first publication and the identification of the owner of the copyright, either by name, abbreviation, or other designation. When you see this notice on any work, you know you need to obtain permission to use it from the owner.

Apple

Thi file format was developed by Apple. MOV files are usually quite large, but they are also high quality. MOV files are viewed with the Apple QuickTime Player on Apple computers, or a Windows version of the QuickTime player on Windows machines.

MP4

This file type is almost always abbreviates. Its full designation is Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) 4 Part 14. Introduced in 1998, this file type was developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group, which set the industry standards for how digital and audio files are shared on the Internet. The video and audio files produced using this file format are compressed separately. This file format is popular because the file size is small but the quality of the video remains after compression. MP4 is becoming more popular than FLV for video-sharing sites because it is compatible with online and mobile browsers. It also supports HTML5 code.

Windows

This file type was also developed by Microsoft. It was intended to be used for streaming web applications. WMV files are the smallest files available for streaming video on the Internet. The small file size is advantageous to users who want to send video via e-mail. However, the size decrease often produces a lower-quality image. On Windows operating systems, this type of file will open with Windows® Media Player. On a Macintosh system, they can be viewed by downloading a WMV player.

All Rights Reserved

This license preserves all of a creator's exclusive rights to their work. In every case, you must be able to claim fair use or ask the copyright holder for permission to legally use the item.

Lossy Compression

When a file is compressed and data is discarded to make the file smaller therefore (losing) some of the image. Since photographs are good at disguising this loss of quality, JPG is a good format to use. Graphics, on the other hand, are not always displayed as well as JPGs. The JPG format does not support transparency, so the background of the image must have color.

Works of Art Copyright Format

When attributing works of art that are in the public domain, you should follow this format: [Title], [medium], [artist], [year of original publication] Example The Starry Night, oil on canvas, Vincent van Gogh, 1889

GIMP

a free, open-source image-editing software program, to practice a variety of image-editing tasks, such as selecting parts of an image, cropping an image, rotating or transforming an image, or creating a new image altogether.

Video Files

contain two parts: a codec and a container. Codecs are devices or programs used to compress and decompress a video. Another way to say this is that codecs facilitate encoding and decoding. Encoding means that you are compressing the file to make it smaller. Decoding, then, is synonymous with decompressing a file. Many video file types include both functions. A container is a group of files that holds information about the digital file. Think of it as audio and video data combined into a single file.

kineograph

early form of animation used a series of sequential images. In the early 1800s, John Barnes Linnet patented the first flip-book (kineograph) Flip-books can be created using dots, stick figures, and photos. Now, advances in technology allow for more complex animations in the form of .gifs, cartoons, and movies.

Copyright

exclusive legal right, given to a creator tor their representative, to print, publish, perform, fil, or record literary, artisic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same. Copyright protection exists from the moment a work is created in a fixed, tangible form of expression. The copyright automatically belongs to the creator of that work. Only the author, or those deriving their rights from the author, can rightfully claim copyright. When someone creates something, it is protected by copyright law. This is true whether they apply for copyright or not. It is also true whether or not they claim copyright by displaying a copyright symbol or statement. Things in the public domain, like government documents or items listed with a General Public License, may be legally used without payment. This popular license allows users to use, change, or copy content without worrying about copyright infringement. To be in the public domain is the state of being exempt from copyright laws and available for public use.

Animation

happens when something still is made to move, or appears to mimic the motion of something real. When you think of animation, your first thought might be of a cartoon or animated movie. But animation comes in many forms. It may be as complicated as what you see on a movie screen, or as simple as letters moving across a web page. Effective use of animation can enhance the look of your website and make it more appealing.If you just need a short animation that loops, a .gif is what you need. A .gif is an image format that holds a sequence of images and then plays them in order, a lot like a flip-book.For longer-form animation, your options include HTML5 Video, Flash, and Silverlight, to name a few. Flash and Silverlight should be used sparingly, though. They both require users to download a plug-in to work, and not all users have downloading permissions. This makes your animation inaccessible to some users. For this reason, many web developers have begun to migrate away from these options. One way web developers are moving away from plugins is by choosing coding tools that allow images to animate upon request. One of these, HTML5 Canvas, is a developing technology that helps display and manipulate images. It can already take on some of the tasks typically handled by plug-ins, and becomes more feature-rich with each update. Beyond HTML, web languages like JavaScript and jQuery provide other ways to manipulate images. There are many open-source libraries for JavaScript, like Tween JS and Collie. These libraries have a lot of built-in functions that reduce the amount of coding needed to get an animation up and running.

Raster (Bitmap) images

images built with pixels. Photographs and many graphics (especially those that contain gradation, or shading) are raster images. when a raster image is increased in size, the edges of the image are pixilated, or jagged.- ofte used for photographs becuase the shsarp quality of vector images doesnt allow them to creat the detail necessart for a photograph.

Vector Images

images made up of geometric lines and shapes that are saved as mathematical equations. Vector images result in sharper images. Since vector images are created using a mathematical equation, they are scalable, meaning they can be stretched to any size remain clear. When you zoom in on a vector image, you don't see any individual pixels, or dots. Vector images are used for many graphic illustrations. - some graphics require the level of detail that only vector images can offer

storyboard

is a sequence of sketches, drawings, or screenshots showing what will be filmed and said in each scence of a video

Some Rights Reserved

reative Commons, or some rights reserved, allows creators to apply conditions to the permitted uses of their works. Choosing some rights reserved promotes creativity and collaborative freedom. The conditions that creators can choose from are shown in the table below. Creators can choose one or more of these licenses.Some Rights Reserved Licenses (Person) Attribution Attribution allows others to copy, distribute, display, and/or perform your work, but they are required to give you credit in whatever way you request. For example, you might simply ask that the user put your name in the caption of a photograph you took, or you might ask that your name appear in the credits of a movie in which your work is displayed. (dollar sign crossed out) Noncommercial Noncommercial allows others to copy, distribute, display, and/or perform your work, but only for noncommercial use. (equal sign) No Derivative Works No Derivative Works allows others to copy, distribute, display, and/or perform your work, but they are not allowed to create derivatives, or other versions, of your work. (arrow in circle shape) Share Alike Share Alike allows others to copy, distribute, display, and/or perform your work within their own creations, but only if their creation has a Share Alike license as well. Starting from the left in the image: C equals full copyright, or all rights reserved; CC equals some rights reserved; and pd equals public domain.

Copyright infringement

refers to the violation of copyright law

Digital Camera

works in much the same way as a regular camera. But instead of recording the image on a negative, a digital camera stores the image digitally. This means that, like computers, a digital camera stores an image as a series of numbers or digits. When you access the image on the camera or computer, the device interprets the numbers as an image. Digital cameras have a number of advantages over traditional cameras. One of the most obvious is that you can usually view the image immediately after taking the picture. With a traditional camera, the film must be developed and the picture printed before you can see it. Another benefit is that digital pictures can be printed easily. A digital camera also allows images to be transferred quickly and easily to a computer for editing. With a traditional camera, the film needs to be developed, printed, and finally scanned to convert it into a digital file before it can be edited. For several years, the images of traditional photography were usually higher in quality than digital images. With advances in digital camera technology, however, digital photographers can now capture images that are just as good as film cameras for most purposes.Most digital cameras also have a video mode that can be used to capture video sequences. by going through a video frame by frame, you may find an image you can use.Digital and video cameras are great tools for getting images for your website. Digital images are an easy way to add interest to your pages, or, if you are selling products on your site, show customers what they are buying.