Week 1 - Fundamentals CH 2
The researcher must critically appraise evidence following literature review. In order to effectively appraise the information the researcher should ask questions regarding the information collected. Which questions should the researcher utilize for this evaluation? (Select all that apply.)
"What were the results of the study?" "Are the results valid and reliable?" 'Will the results of the study improve client care?"
Which could be considered an example of a qualitative research project?
A PhD nursing student is collecting data on how Somali immigrants perceive the care they receive in one community clinic. The nursing student is taping and analyzing interviews with clients that have been in the country and community 2 years or less and who have sought care at least once at this clinic.
a set of concepts and propositions.
A conceptual framework is defined as:
Adaptation Theory
A nurse is completing a family assessment on a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with a severe peanut allergy. The mother states that she does not purchase any foods with peanut or peanut oil for her family. The other children are allowed to have foods containing peanuts while they are at school and visiting with friends and family. The nurse would conclude that which of the following theories would most like be the basis for this family's functioning?
General systems theory
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually, then relates this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of which theory?
Determine general basic needs of the group and additional needs specific to each client.
A public health nurse is working with a large group of clients who require a variety of patient care, health teaching, and health promotion. Using Virginia Henderson's Basic Needs Theory, how should the nurse proceed in order to provide a variety of medical, health teaching, and health promotion interventions?
The nursing instructor is explaining sources of knowledge to a group of nursing students. The nursing instructor describes "some knowledge is gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience." One of the students correctly describes this source as being:
Authoritative knowledge
A nursing theorist studies health care systems in communities. Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of these systems?
Boundaries separate health care systems both from each other and from the environment.
A nursing student is describing abstract ideas with a group of peers. The student says that these ideas can be a group of objects with relationships. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Concepts
A nursing theory differs from a theoretical framework in which way?
Concepts and propositions are more specific and present or explain some phenomenon systematically
A nurse is reviewing a qualitative research study. Which aspects of this type of study would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply.
Control or manipulation is rarely used. Reality is not viewed as a fixed entity. Intuition is used for analysis.
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
nursing education and teaching.
From 1900 to 1940, research in nursing focused on:
The nurse assesses problems initially
How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked
A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting?
Match the client's self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions.
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
Which activity systematically inquires about the problems encountered in nursing practice and into the modalities of client care?
Nursing research
Oxygenation
Of the following client needs, which need takes priority in the nurse's delivery of care?
generate knowledge to guide practice.
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to:
A nursing instructor would like to study the effect peer tutoring has on student success. What is the independent variable?
Peer tutoring
A nurse researcher is studying female patients who have survived breast cancer. The nurse asks each patient to describe her experience and then analyzes the data for the meaning of the experience within each person's own reality. This nurse has used what type of qualitative research method?
Phenomenology
Which type of quantitative research will examine cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables?
Quasi-experimental
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study using the qualitative method. When conducting the research, which characteristics would be included? Select all that apply.
The data collected would primarily be subjective. The approach would be holistic.
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment.
What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
confidentiality.
When the nurse researcher informs the participant that his identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's:
Drug metabolism by Cytochrome P450
Which is not a focus of nursing research?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Florence Nightingale
Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
chromium supplements
A male client 79 years of age who is postoperative Day 3 following hip replacement surgery has been approached by a nurse researcher and asked to participate in a research study. This study will test a new rehabilitation strategy. What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of this study?
going through the informed consent process with the client
The nurse is studying nursing models for a Baccalaureate course. Which action made by the nurse exemplifies proper application of the Adaptation model?
helping the client adjust to blood sugar testing each morning
A nurse admitting a client to the home health service is gathering information for the client's database. Within the database, the nurse gathers information on the client's health history, past surgeries, diet, exercise, psychosocial status, family and support persons, and spirituality. This information will assist in the development of the client's plan of care. This is considered a:
holistic database.
A well-constructed problem statement formulated at the beginning of a nursing research study should:
indicate the population
Nursing research is linked most closely to:
nursing process.
The nurse is caring for a client who had a recent diagnosis of diabetes. Which action demonstrates that the nurse is utilizing the Basic Needs theory?
providing foot care for the client
A nurse is planning to participate in a research project and is looking for information about what is already known about the topic. The nurse is involved in which step of the research process?
scientific literature review
A nurse has received a doctoral degree from a research oriented educational program. Which activities would this nurse be able to perform? Select all that apply.
uses analytic and empirical methods to modify existing scientific knowledge so that the knowledge is relevant to nursing develops methods for scientific inquiry of phenomena related to nursing
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?
Abstract
A nurse researcher is reviewing the Privacy Rule under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and finds information about handling protected health information (PHI). The nurse researcher would most likely find rules for which aspect of PHI? Select all that apply.
Access Usage Sharing
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem Self Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietician.
A nurse caring for patients in a hospital setting focuses on the ill person in the health care setting. The nurse also provides care based on helping patients to adapt to the health care environment. What nursing theory principles is the nurse following?
Myra E. Levine
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact funding?
National Institute of Nursing Research
The nurse subscribes to the Basic Needs theory. Which action exemplifies this theory by the nurse?
assisting the client to the bedside commode
A nurse manager is attempting to switch the medical records in an orthopedic office to a computerized format. The nurse asks questions about the accuracy and efficiency of the current record keeping system by using the PICO format. Which statements illustrate the components of this process? Select all that apply.
P: The nurse chooses the population involved (orthopedic clients). I: The nurse considers interventions to make the plan work. C: The nurse compares the written records to the computerized records.
The nursing instructor is reviewing common concepts in nursing theory with the class. There are four concepts that are related to the practice of nursing. Students identify which of the following as core concepts for nursing theory. (Select all that apply.)
Person (client) Environment Health Nursing
During an in-class review of nursing research a student asks the instructor why evidence-based practice is considered the best way to practice nursing. The correct response from the instructor includes that the actions by the nurse are based upon which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
Published research National standards National guidelines Targeted literature
The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
Qualitative research
A nurse researcher develops a foreground question in preparation for conducting a research study. The question is: "In clients with intravenous catheters, how does replacing administration sets every 72 hours (h) compared to other frequent intervals (24h, 48h, or 96h) decrease infection rates?" Applying the PICO framework, which part of the statement reflects the "O"?
decrease infection
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
Quantitative research
A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?
Quantitative research
"Is there a relationship between the personnel caring for specific clients and whether or not these clients developed UTIs?"
The director of nurses (DON) in a long-term care facility has noticed an increased number of urinary tract infections (UTIs) on the east wing of the facility, and would like the infection control nurse to investigate this problem. What is the best problem statement for this study?
Evidence-based research
What nursing activity forms the bridge between theory and practice?
Qualitative
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Qualitative research
When a researcher begins to form plans for a research project, the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection of narrative data and the analyses would select which of the following methods of research?
A nurse is working in an obstetric clinic. Because many of her clients experience nausea and vomiting, the nurse performed a literature review on complementary and alternative medicine treatments. She has chosen to look at studies that have been published in indexes such as PubMed. In her review of the literature she found that ginger was an effective treatment for nausea and was safe during pregnancy. She now recommends ginger to all of her clients.
Which is an example of evidence-based nursing practice?
Is it better to tell clients that a medical error has occurred with their care and do an internal investigation, or tell them about the error and do an internal investigation?"
Which is not an example of a problem statement?
Florence Nightingale
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
A conceptual framework is defined as:
a set of concepts and propositions.
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
adults.
A nurse wants to implement Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory in the acute care setting. Which nursing action demonstrates proper use and implementation of this theory?
assessing for factors interfering with healing
How would a student nurse define a conceptual framework?
A group of interrelated objects that follow a pattern.
preventing skin breakdown
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
holistic database.
A nurse admitting a client to the home health service is gathering information for the client's database. Within the database, the nurse gathers information on the client's health history, past surgeries, diet, exercise, psychosocial status, family and support persons, and spirituality. This information will assist in the development of the client's plan of care. This is considered a:
P Patient, problem, population
A nurse is developing a foreground question for nursing research using the PICO model. Which component would be represented by the statement, "a 45-year-old male with coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation"?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
nursing education
A nurse is preparing a seminar for a nursing research symposium. As part of the presentation, the nurse plans to discuss the history surrounding the development of nursing research. When describing the research that occurred during the early half of the twentieth century, which area would the nurse describe as being the focus?
adults.
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
The data collected would primarily be subjective. The approach would be holistic.
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study using the qualitative method. When conducting the research, which characteristics would be included? Select all that apply.
Experimental research
A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
Erikson
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Concepts
A nursing student is describing abstract ideas with a group of student peers. The student suggests that these ideas can be a group of objects and the relationships among them. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Abstract
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?
A nurse is reviewing a quantitative research study. Which aspects of this type of study would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply.
Control or manipulation is rarely used. Reality is not viewed as a fixed entity. Intuition is used for analysis.
Applied research
As a researcher begins to form plans for a research project, the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection data and the analyses for the purpose of improving clinical practice would select which of the following methods of research?
A nursing student understands which of the following is true of concepts?
Concepts describe objects, properties, and events and relationships among them.
The nurse assesses problems initially.
How are the first stages of the nursing process and nursing research linked?
Nursing research
If a nurse describes a study of people and the nursing profession including studies of education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history, then what is the nurse defining?
Florence Nightingale
In nursing class the instructor asks the students about the nursing research process. The student identifies the first nurse to collect data on clients as which of the following?
The early 2000s
In what historical time period did evidence-based practice become an important component of the delivery of nursing care?
Which group of nurses would be least likely involved in direct research? Select all that apply.
Novice nurses Student nurses
The nurse examines nursing issues related to the Native American client. The nurse investigates past nursing trends to understand the current profession. The nurse discovers how people describe the effect of illness in their lives.
Nurse researchers use both quantitative and qualitative research in their practices. Which actions are examples of the use of qualitative research? Select all that apply.
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "I read a research article about the importance of beans in the Latino diet. The findings from the study suggested that inclusion of meat and beans in the diet would help in the development of muscles and bones." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Scientific knowledge
A nurse researcher is working on developing a problem statement for a research study. When writing the problem statement, which characteristic would the nurse need to keep in mind? Select all that apply.
The issue being studied should be clearly identified. The population to be studied is stated. Empiric testing is encouraged.
Dorothea Orem
The nurse is reading about nursing theorists for a class. The theory reveals the following, "Individuals who use self-care to sustain life and health, to recover from disease or injury, or to cope with its effects." Which individual developed this theory?
Qualitative research
The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
Nursing theory
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. One student correctly identifies this theory as what?
Authoritative knowledge
The nursing instructor is explaining sources of knowledge to a group of nursing students. The nursing instructor describes "some knowledge is gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience." One of the students correctly describes this source as being:
Evidence-based research
The nursing student studying research exhibits an understanding when informing the instructor that which of the following is the bridge between theory and practice?
identifying what one needs to know or is curious about deciding the approach to seeking the answer devising a plan implementing the plan assessing the evidence
The scientific process and nursing research have the same methodologies for investigating and solving problems. Place the steps of the scientific process and nursing research in order.
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. In order to complete a systematic review of the literature the nurse must do which of the following?
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
