Week 1- IT Architecture: Hardware & Software

How many bits equal a byte? Give order of prefixes from smallest to largest

8 bits equals 1 byte, kilo, mega, gigs, Tera, peta, Exa, zetta, yotta

More input device examples - magnetic strip reader. Ex. ______ - barcode scanner - ______ ______ reader (scantron) - magnetic ink character reader - ______ reader: located on the card - gesture recognition: give ex. - ______ - optical character recognition

ATM, optical mark, radio frequency identification (RFID), wii, Microsoft Kinect, driverless cars, sensors

Before GUI advancements, it was very difficult to do simple things such as copy and paste. ______ _______ was the first popular _____ computer

Apple Macintosh, GUI

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ A set of one or more programs designed to carry out operations for a specific application Name the two types of this

Application software, enterprise resource planning systems (ERP), transaction processing system (TPS)

Review - a computer system must have.... - is a monitor an input device - CPU is also known as ______ - T or F, main memory stores data and programs for future use

CPU and RAM, no, microprocessor, no, it stores but not for future use

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ Carries out the instructions of a computer program and its the primary component that executes the computer's functions. (Give all names) - the more of this a computer has, the faster the computer system will produce _____ - give ex. Stores instructions and data that is needed by (the above defined word) now. (Give all names) - does not permanently _____ _____. Volatile - it performs extremely fast ______ and _____ functions - once computer is shut down, any information only stored here will not _______ - is more expensive than ______ memory because it makes the computer work ______ Both of these are present in ______ computer system

Central processing unit (CPU), chip, or microprocessor, output, intel, amd, main memory, random access memory (RAM), primary storage, store data, read, write, save, secondary, faster, every

The computing device which requests for service. Give examples The computing device which offers or provides service to the above computing device. Usually these are big ______ but at times a ______ ______ one of these also qualifies (give ex. As to why)

Client, desktop, laptop, smartphone, tablet, server, computers, personal desktop, streaming music to iPhone or receiver

Most commercial software is _______ so you can only buy the ______ to it. The software cannot be ______ (this rule is to help protect businesses, doesn't really affect general audience). Hardware on the other hand is _____ and can be ______.

Copyrighted, license, resold, bought, resold

Software complexity is increasing and is causing ______ which is that certain companies are struggling to survive cause of software advancements. Give ex.

Dematerialization, Kodak now must compete with phone cameras and they are endangered as a business

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ The familiar microcomputer system that has become a standard tool for business and the home. Generally includes a central processing unit and a separate but connected monitor and keyboard A very small, lightweight, low cost, energy efficient, very portable computer. Generally optimized for cellular network based functions- phone calls, texting; and internet based services such as web browsing and email. Give ex. Of this Miniature computers that people wear under, with, or on top of their clothing. Give ex. Of this

Desktop PC, mobile, smart phones, tablets, kindles, wearable computers, Apple Watch, google glasses

An umbrella term for a bunch of business technologies which include 360 degree video, the two defined below, and more - three dimensional computer generated environment that simulates a particular reality utilizing human senses like vision, hearing, etc - combines real and computer based senses and images to deliver a unified but enhanced view of the world (adding a virtual layer to reality)

Digital reality, virtual reality, augmented reality

An electronic communication method that provides standards for exchanging data via any electronic mean. By adhering to these standards, two different companies can electronically exchange documents

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

An interface through which a user interacts with electronic devices such as computers, hand held devices, and other appliances through icons, menus and other visual indicator representations to display information and related user controls - manipulated by a _____ device (give examples)

Graphical user interface, pointing, mouse, trackball, stylus, or finger on a touchscreen

Computer is ______ which operates under the control of a ______. Both parts require each other and neither can be realistically without the other

Hardware, software

The physical components of a computer system (you can touch, see and feel this) A set of machine readable instructions that directs a computers processor to perform specific operations (you cannot tough or feel this)

Hardware, software

Virtual reality - purpose is to allow a person to experience and manipulate environment as it it were the real world (completely _______) Augmented reality - primary objective is to provide a rich and audiovisual experience employing _______ ________ - examples in ______ (augmedics) and ______ (Aurasma)

Immerse, computerized simulation, healthcare, marketing

Hardware that receives data from users. These devices are the physical parts of the computer that allows data to be entered into a computer system. These devices give a command to the _____ to do something. Give ex. Give ex. Of these types of devices. Some ex. Include keyboard, mouse, optical mouse, _______, pointing stick, _______, graphics tablet, joystick, touch screen, stylus or digital pen, ______, _______, _______ scanners

Input devices, CPU, camera tells phone to take a picture, trackball, touchpad, microphone, biometric (fingerprint), camera

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ Automated information systems shared by more than one organization and allowing information flow across organizational boundaries, improving business processes. Ex. Include Walmart ______ ______ management and ______ information exchanges

Inter organizational system, supply chain, healthcare

Types of computer servers Fast performing computers that are highly reliable (outage measure in decades) handling millions of transactions per day in highly secured environment. Largest _____ institutions run their daily financial transactions in these. Other uses are ______ ______ systems like Radix (processing arm of 45+ airlines)

Mainframes, banking, airline reservation

System software others Security - Symantec - ______ Database management systems - _______ - MS access - IBM DB2 Programming languages - p______ - ______ - R

Mcafee, Oracle, python, C++

Types of computer servers Have less processing power than mainframes, thus, many are required, aka _____ _____, to perform a limited extent similar mainframe functions. Most are intel based

Midrange computers or distributed systems, server farms

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ Parts of hardware (name 6 parts)

Necessaries: Central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), Additionals: storage (secondary), input devices, output devices, communications

Software made available in source code form for free to developers and users (give examples) - source code ______ available to the general public with relaxed or non existent copyright restrictions - often developed in a _____, ______ manner - usually a company doesn't own this Concerns: _______, upgrades, support

Open source software, android, Linux, Firefox, always, public, collaborative, security

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ This is the main system control program and is required to be in all computers (give examples). Aka "middleware" - provides the interface between any other ______ and the ______ - supervises the overall operations of the computer; allocates ______ time and ______ ______ to programs

Operating system, iOS, Android, windows, Mac OS X, Linux, software, hardware, CPU, main memory

Hardware that conveys information to a user or another computer. Give ex. Some include ________ or ______, printers plotters, ______, projectors

Output devices, Monitors, screens, speakers

Computer gets information inputted, the information is _______, ________, and then information is outputted

Processed, stored

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ Fat clients: more _____ Power, main ______, and _____ storage, less dependency on _____, runs more ______ in offline mode Thin clients: less _____ Power, main ______, and ______ storage, very dependent on ______ to run ______, very _______ (internet) dependent, very light weight equipment Give examples of both

Processing, memory, data, server, software, processing, memory, data, server, software, network, fat clients: desktop or laptop, thin clients: mobile (is a handheld computer), wearable (Apple Watch or google glasses), embedded

Software is developed by writing instructions in _______ language which creates a ______. The latter controls the operation of the ______ and the processing of the ______

Programming, program, hardware, data

Software that has been developed by a company and has restrictions on its use, copying, and modification (give examples) - Source code of this software is _____ made available and modifications are only contracted with the developing company - source code is ______ ______ of the company Concerns: no access to source ______, ______ are different per operating system

Proprietary software, Microsoft office, iTunes, adobe photoshop, not, intellectual property, code, updates

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ Required to permanently store programs and data that is passed to main memory when CPU requires them -non ______ - stores more than _____ memory Types of this storage - ______ drive: principal means of data storage on most computers. Difference between this (HDD) and SSD (______ _____ drive) is that the latter is the ______ of this type of storage available - ______ drives - _____ drives

Secondary storage, volatiles, main, hard, solid state, fastest, optical, flash

A computer that is dedicated to carry a specific task (processing) and serves the result to client systems through networks When combined with _____ there are a number of categories of the above which include email, web, ______, game, printer, ______

Server, software, database, application

______ is now more expensive than ______

Software, hardware

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ Thin client systems are less complex than fat client systems because they have very little ______ installed locally but definitely have an _____ system. In addition, don't have enough _____ storage, main ______, or _____ to run so they are not as powerful as fat clients. Thin clients usually run things such as applications at the ____ level or a ______ connection (internet) instead of from the ______ platform like fat clients

Software, operating, secondary, memory, CPU, server, network, local

Considerations for purchasing IT - purpose and tasks to perform - _____ of calculation and ______

Speed, cost

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ ERPs are an application software system that provides resources for a business to be ______. Provides communication between _____ and _____ resources and many more departments in the same business. ______ is the largest ERP system in the world. - ERP is many _____ working together

Successful, sales, human, SAP, TPS

Types of computer servers The most powerful and fast computers. Since they are very expensive to buy and maintain, they are mostly used by ______ and large organizations (such as University of Miami that just bought one for med school). They are mostly utilized to execute complex ______ tasks and handle large _____. Give two ex of which areas these servers are used in - need ______ environment cause machines give off a lot of heat

Super computers, governments, computational, datasets, military and research, cool

Types of computer servers

Super computers, mainframes, midrange computers or distributed systems

Software is made up of _____ software and ______ software Give examples

System, application, system software: operating system, security monitors, database management system, programming language. Application software: office apps, erp, tps, game, web browser

STAR SLIDE ⭐️ Supports the real time monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization's day to day operations. These machines send back information to ______ system. Examples of the former Include _______, fedex or UPS, dorm entrance, _______, time and attendance (Kronos)

TPS, ERP, workday, atm

What is the difference between a smart device and a regular device? Device implies ______

The cpu which basically makes the device a computer, hardware

Give examples of general purpose application programs that support general types of processing rather than being linked to any specific business function

Word, excel, pages, numbers, google docs, adobe acrobat pro, adobe photoshop

Give examples of applications which use client server architecture Give examples of 2 different types of servers

Www, email, network printing, web servers (deliver web pages to client), file servers (deliver files to clients)