week 11 quiz

Melissa is an engineer at Acme Consulting. She used to work from 8:30am to 5:30pm, but her boss told her she could come in at 9am because of her great performance last year. However, this year Melissa is constantly arriving late to work. Her supervisor is looking to utilize extinction to remedy this behavior. Which of the following would be an example of extinction in this situation?

Having Melissa go back to working from 8:30am to 5:30pm

Nicholas has been working hard to ensure his subordinates have good working conditions, adequate pay and excellent supervision.

Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory

Elise was planning to motivate her top worker by offering support for getting an MBA. But that worker's home just burned down, so instead Elise is giving him an early bonus and an advance on pay to help him rebuild.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Tony has a good home, a safe job and great friends. The promise of a promotion is what is currently motivating him to perform at a high level.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory

Aileen always volunteers for the most challenging tasks and works very hard to be as close to perfect as possible in all her assigned tasks.

McClelland's Needs Theory

Curtis always gives good performance reviews to his workers. He doesn't want to risk bad feelings within the group or toward him.

McClelland's Needs Theory

SMART Goals

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely

expectancy

a perception about the extent to which effort will result in a certain level of performance

instrumentality

a perception about the extent to which performance results in the attainment of outcomes

self efficacy

a persons belief about his or her ability to perform a behavior successfully

informational justice

a persons perception of the extent to which his or her manager provides explanation for decisions and the procedures used to arrive at them

distributive justice

a persons perception of the fairness of the distribution of outcomes in an organization

interpersonal justice

a persons perception of the fairness of the interpersonal treatment he or she receives from whoever distributes outcomes to hum or her

procedural justice

a persons perception of the fairness of the procedures that are used to determine how to distribute outcomes in an organization

learning

a relatively permanent change in persons knowledge or behavior that results from practice or experience

needs

a requirement or necessity for survival and well being

profit sharing

a share of an organizations profits

need for achievement

a strong desire to perform challenging tasks well and meet personal standards for excellence

equity theory

a theory of motivation that focuses on peoples perceptions of the fairness of their work outcomes relative to their inputs

social learning theory

a theory that takes into account how learning and motivation are influenced by peoples thoughts and beliefs and their observations of other people behaviors

extinction

curtailing the performance of a dysfunctional behavior by eliminating whatever is reinforcing them

Betsy McLaughlin states that it is important to her employees to be recognized for what they contribute. On Maslow's hierarchy, this would motivate people through their need for

esteem

overpayment inequity

exists when a person perceives that his own outcomes input ration is greater than the ratio of a referent

underpayment inequity

exists when a persons perceives that his or her own outcomes input ratio is less than the ratio of a referent

Hot Topic promotes from within. Workers know that if they perform well, they may be promoted from the store to the headquarters. This is an example of instrumentality, a part of ________ theory.

expectancy

n equity theory, inputs usually refer to

experience.

need for power

extent to which an individual desires to control or influence others

need for affiliation

extent to which and individual is concerned about establishing and maintaining good interpersonal relations, being liked, and having the people around him or her get along with each other

The concert reimbursement program is an example of a(n) ________ motivator.

extrinsic

positive reinforcement

giving people outcomes they desire when they reform organizationally functional behaviors

valence

how desirable each of the available outcomes from a job or organization is to a person

effort

how hard an individual will work

pay as a motivation in expectancy

instrumentality, the association between performance and outcomes like pay, must be high for motivation to be high

According to Herzberg's theory, Hot Topic's empowering their workers, providing interesting work, and publicly recognizing excellent performance would be classified as

motivator factors

Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory

need theory that distinguishes between motivator needs (related to the nature of the work itself) and hygiene needs (related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed) and proposes that motivator needs must be met for motivator and who satisfaction to be high.

Shawn is required to be in the office Monday through Friday, but would really value the ability to work from home one day a week. Based on Shawn's above-average performance last year, his boss is allowing him to work from home on Fridays. This is an example of which of the following?

negative reinforcement

high expectancy

people perceive that if they try hard, they can perform at a high level

direction

possible behaviors an individual could engage in

motivator needs

relate to the nature of the work itself and how challenging it is

hygiene needs

relate to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed

Brandon is really upset. He feels he puts in more time and energy than his coworkers, but they are paid more than he is.

Equity Theory

Mira believes she is paid more than her coworkers for doing the same work. She plans to work harder to deserve the additional pay

Equity theory

Betsy McLaughlin enjoys tackling new concepts, being an entrepreneur, and challenges. She has a high need for

achievement

Hot Topic encourages employees to move around in the company to develop new types of teams and to take on new challenges. This helps to motivate them by filling their need for

achievement

punishment

administering an undesired or negative consequence when dysfunctional behavior occurs

self reinforcer

any desired or attractive outcome or award that a person can give himself or herself for good performance

input

anything a person contributes to his or her job or organization -time, effort, skills, knowledge, work behaviors

outcome

anything a person gets from a job or an organization -pay, job security, autonomy, accomplishment

prosaically motivated behavior

behavior performed to benefit or help others

intrinsically motivated behavior

behavior that is performed for its own sake

extrinsically motivated behavior

behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment

Hot Topic has no walls in the work space. This helps workers fulfill which of Maslow's needs?

belongingness

negative reinforcement

eliminating undesired outcomes when people perform organizationally functional behaviors

commission pay

employees pay is based on a percentage of sales that the employee makes

piece-rate pay

employees pay is based on the number of units that the employee produces

A "passion for the product" works as a(n) ________ motivator.

intrinsic

Betsy McLaughlin loves the team, enjoys the people she works with, and enjoys working alongside people she genuinely likes as human beings. These all act as ________ motivators for her.

intrinsic

vicarious learning

learning that occurs when a learner is motivated to perform a behavior by watching another person perform and be reinforced for doing so. -also called observational learning

True or false? Reducing an employee's compensation because of poor performance is known as negative reinforcement.

false

pas as motivation in learning theory

outcomes are distributed upon performance of functional behaviors

pas as a motivation in equity theory

pay is given in relation to inputs

pay as motivation in goal setting theory

pay is linked to attainment of goals

high valence

people desire the outcomes that result from high performance

operant conditiong

people learn to perform behavior that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences

high intrumentality

people perceive that high performance leads to the recipe of certain outcomes

If an employee is feeling underpayment (negative) inequity due to less pay than a comparable other, they are most likely to do all of the following except

increase their efforts.

goal setting theory

focuses on identifying the types of foals that are most effective in producing high levels of motivation and performance and explaining why goals have these effects

scallion plan

focuses on reducing expenses or cutting costs

in equity theory, outputs usually refer to

recognition.

persistence

whether an individual will keep trying or give up

McClelland's Needs for achievement, affiliation and power

1. need for achievement 2. need for affiliation 3. need for power

Scott is providing training on the new machinery to his workers so that they will believe that they can perform to standard.

Expectancy Theory

Caroline isn't motivated because she doesn't care at all about the rewards being offered for outstanding performance.

Expectancy theory

Janelle has increased the autonomy of her workers and offered them challenging projects.

Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory

employee stock option

a financial instrument that entitles the bearer to buy shares of an organizations stock at a certain price during a certain period of time or under certain conditions

motivation

the psychological forces that determine the direction of a persons behavior in an organization, a persons level of effort, and a persons level of persistence

expectancy theory

the theory that motivates will be high when workers believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance leads to the attainment of desired outcomes

need theories Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

theories of motivation that focus on what needs people are trying to satisfy at work and what outcomes will satisfy those needs

learning theories

theories that focus on increasing employee motivation and performance by linked the outcomes that employees receive to the performance of desired behaviors and the attainment of goals

Joe has the same qualifications (education and experience) as Chelsea, and they work for the same company. Joe finds out that Chelsea is earning a higher salary than him, even though they both do the same job. Based on equity theory, what is Joe most likely to experience?

underpayment (negative) inequity