week 12 psych

In the Gawkers study, the percentage of those who conformed (looked up) was _____ when 15 people were looking up

80%

The difference between obedience and compliance is that obedience:

a response to an order from an authority figure.

When there is no clear correct behavior, people often feel pressure to imitate the behavior of those around them. This demonstrates the power of:

ambiguity

People develop _____ when they generate an explanation for their own or others' behavior.

attributions

An illusion in which a stationary pinpoint of light in a completely dark room appears to move is known as the:

autokinetic phenomenon

An analysis, by Manning and others (2007), of the Kitty Genovese murder found that the original news reports:

exaggerated the extent of bystander inaction.

The _____ study was conducted to determine if group size influenced conformity.

gawkers

Which is NOT a condition increasing the likelihood of conformity?

group size of 10 or more

Social psychology is usually defined as the study of:

how we influence one another's behavior and thinking.

Conformity can be motivated by _____ when a person wants to do the right thing and others seem to have necessary information.

informational social influence

Shelby has been invited to attend a banquet dinner. She has never been to one before and watches others around her for cues on how to behave. She is seeking:

informational social influence

A self-fulfilling prophecy causes a person to act in a way that:

is in accordance with others' expectations of that person.

People are often surprised when bad things happen to good people. This BEST supports the:

just world hypothesis

Social _____ is the tendency to exert less effort when working in a group toward a common goal than when working individually toward the goal

loafing

Leslie goes to a store to buy a dishwasher advertised at a great sale price only to find it is "sold out" (because only a few were available to begin with), and she ends up buying a more expensive dishwasher. This bait-and-switch system is an example of the _____ technique.

low ball

People like to consider themselves:

noncomformists

peer pressure to behave in a particular way is typically effective because of:

normative social influence

Solomon Asch found that when accomplices unanimously agreed on an obviously incorrect answer, the real participants conformed _____ of the time.

one half

Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) asked participants to perform a very boring task. Upon completion, the participants were paid either $1 or $20 to tell the next participant that the task was really enjoyable. Finally, the participants were asked to rate their enjoyment of the initial tasks. Festinger and Carlsmith found that people who received $20:

rated the task as less enjoyable than people who received $1.

_____ is the desire to protect or restore one's freedom of action.

reactance

June is going to meet with a new teacher, whom she expects to be impersonal and cold. June acts cautiously and reserved when they meet and the teacher acts similarly in response. The teacher's remote behavior toward June MOST likely reflects the:

self fulfilling prophecy

Avani practiced her violin solo every day for 2 hours until she knew the music by heart. Due to a phenomenon called _____, the presence of an audience at the upcoming recital should _____ her performance.

social facilitation; improve

When the behavior of others affects personal behavior _____ has occurred

social influence

For psychologists, the main puzzle about the 1978 events at the Peoples Temple in Jonestown, Guyana, is why:

the vast majority obeyed the order to commit suicide.

People are MOST likely to resist social influence when:

their personal sense of freedom is threatened.

Adjusting thoughts or behaviors to coincide with a group standard is known as

conformity

Zimbardo would argue that the prisoner abuse that occurred at Abu Ghraib (the U.S. military prison in Iraq):

as created, in large measure, by conditions similar to those established in his prison experiment more than 30 years earlier.

Stacey is asked a question in front of six other people who have already answered the question. While she disagrees with what the other six people have said, she answers in the same way. This demonstrates the power of:

unanimity

In Solomon Asch's study, what was the error rate when participants were tested individually?

1%

In the Gawkers study, the percentage of those who conformed (looked up) was _____ when one accomplice was looking up.

20%

Solomon Asch found that approximately _____ of real participants conformed to the group at least once.

37%

The pressure to conform increases with group size, up to about _____ people.

5

The "Astroten" study measured nurses' willingness to improperly administer an overdose of medication. How did this study differ from Milgram's obedience studies?

The nurses in the "Astroten" study did not know they were participating in an experiment.

_____ is a researcher of social influence who took advantage of the autokinetic phenomenon.

muzzier sherif

Conformity can be motivated by _____ when a person does not want to be different from others.

normative social influence