week 3

elements of elevator speech

"pitching" themselves for an internship in there major or desired career path. The speech must have and introduction, body and conclusion. Students should refer to personal experiences and strengths as evidence of their qualifications for the internship. This assignment demonstrates the importance of being concise and deliberate in one's communication.

functions of introductions

(1) gaining the attention of the audience and (2) gaining the good will of the audience, have most to do with getting the audience to want to listen to you. The other two _________________________, stating the purpose of the speech (3) and previewing the structure of the speech (4), have to do with helping the audience understand you.

length of introduction

-construct the introduction last -make it relevant -be succinct -write it out word for word

functions of conclusion

-prepare the audience for the end of the speech -present any final appeals -summarize and close -end with a clincher -appeals and challenges

length of conclusions

-prepare the conclusion -do not include new information -follow the structure

attention-getting strategies

-tell a story -refer to an occasion -refer to recent or historical events -refer to previous speeches -refer to personal interest -use startling statistics -use an analogy -use a quotation -ask a question -use humor

primacy

According to this principle, audiences are likely to remember what they hear or read first.

recency

According to this principle, audiences are likely to remember what they hear or read last.

preparation outline

Also called a working, practice, or rough outline, the _________ outline is used to work through the various components of your speech in an inventive format. is reserved for planning purposes only and is translated into a speaking outline before you deliver the speech. ALWAYS FULL SENTENCES

tips for selecting a speech topic

Generally, speakers focus on one or more interrelated topics—relatively broad concepts, ideas, or problems that are relevant for particular audiences. The most common way that speakers discover topics is by simply observing what is happening around them—at their school, in their local government, or around the world. This is because all speeches are brought into existence as a result of circumstances, the multiplicity of activities going on at any one given moment in a particular place.

signposts

To link the ideas of your speech, you will need to develop ________, "words and gestures that allow you to move smoothly from one idea to the next throughout your speech, showing relationships between ideas and emphasizing important points.

topical

When the main points of your speech center on ideas that are more distinct from one another, a _________ organization style may be engaged. In a ________ speech, main points are developed separately and are generally connected together within the introduction and conclusion.

comparative

When you need to discuss the similarities and differences between two or more things, a _____________ organizational pattern can be employed. In ___________ speeches, speakers may choose to compare things a couple different ways.

internal credibility

You develop ____________ as the speaker through specific actions. First, be appropriately attired for a public presentation. Second, make eye contact with the audience before you speak. Third, speak clearly, fluently and confidently.

parallel structure

___________ refers to main points that are worded using the same structure, perhaps by starting with a common introductory clause

Speaker credibility

_______________ is your believability. You are credible when the audience thinks you know what you are talking about.

thesis statement

_________encapsulates the main points of a speech in just a sentence or two, and it is designed to give audiences a quick preview of what the entire speech will be about. The __________ should be easily identifiable and ought to very succinctly sum up the main points you will present. Moreover, the _______________should reflect the general purpose of your speech

purpose statement

_____clearly states what it is you would like to achieve. __________are especially helpful for guiding you as you prepare your speech

transitional statements

are phrases or sentences that lead from one distinct- but-connected idea to another. They are used to alert audiences to the fact that you are getting ready to discuss something else.

problem-solution speech

especially useful when the speaker wants to convince the audience that they should take action in solving some problem.

specific purpose statement

expresses both the topic and the general speech purpose in action form and in terms of the specific objectives you hope to achieve.

causal

informs audience members about causes and effects that have already happened. In other words, a _________ organization style first addresses some cause and then shares what effects resulted. A ________ speech can be particularly effective when the speaker wants to share the relationship between two things

speaking outline

is the outline you will prepare for use when delivering the speech. The _________________ outline is much more succinct than the preparation outline and includes brief phrases or words that remind the speakers of the points they need to make, plus supporting material and signposts. Because it uses just words or short phrases, and not full sentences, the _______________ outline can easily be transferred to index cards that can be referenced during a speech.

external credibility

is the type of credibility you as a speaker gain by association: use of sources that the audience finds credible, for example.

internal preview

lay out what will occur during your speech. They tell the audience what to expect. Because audience members cannot flip back and forth between pages, _________________ help keep them on track and aware of what to be listening for and what to remember.

chronological

main points are delivered according to when they happened and could be traced on a calendar or clock. Arranging main points in____________ order can be helpful when describing historical events to an audience as well as when the order of events is necessary to understand what you wish to convey.

general purpose statement

of a speech may be to inform, to persuade, to inspire, to celebrate, to mourn, or to entertain.

main points

of any speech are the key pieces of information or arguments contained within the talk or presentation. In other words, the __________ are what your audience should remember from your talk.

outlines

or textual arrangements of all the various elements of a speech, are a very common way of organizing a speech before it is delivered.

internal summary

provide a recap of what has already been said, making it more likely that audiences will remember the points that they hear again. Additionally, ____________________ can be combined with internal previews to alert audience members that the next point builds on those that they have already heard.

sub-points

which are used to help prove the main points.

spatial

which arranges main points according to their physical and geographic relationships. The _______ style is an especially useful organization style when the main point's importance is derived from its location or directional focus. In other words, when the scene or the composition is a central aspect of the main points, the _______ style is an appropriate way to deliver key ideas.