Week 4: Chapter 17 - Methods of Persuasion

What is true about a speaker who uses reasoning when making a persuasive speech?

The audience needs to understand how the speaker drew their conclusion.

Which two statements describe emotional appeals?

They are intended to evoke certain emotions in order to persuade listeners. They may evoke emotions such as fear, compassion, or anger.

What are three ways of enhancing your credibility as a speaker?

speaking with genuine conviction explaining your competence establishing common ground with the audience

When giving a speech about a topic over which people have various opinions, what should the speaker expect?

that the audience will question certain points and want evidence to back them up

What three factors demonstrate the speaker's competence?

the speaker's intelligence the speaker's expertise the speaker's knowledge of the subject

What would be the most effective strategy if a speaker were trying to persuade an audience about the human contribution to global warming?

to provide evidence that illustrates the increase in global warming in the past century

Logicians note that there are about Blank______ types of fallacies.

125

For what two reasons can attaining credibility be complex for speakers?

A speaker may have more credibility on one topic than on another. Credibility exists in the mind of the audience.

What are two benefits of using evidence in a speech?

Evidence is especially useful when speaking to people who disagree with you. Evidence can help persuade listeners.

True or false: Effective persuasion rarely requires emotional appeal.

False

True or false: Cassidy is engaged in ethical speaking when she gives statistics about the poverty level in her city and follows them up with stories about homeless, hungry children.

True

True or false: Credibility can be enhanced.

True

What are three appropriate ways to use evidence?

Use novel evidence. Use evidence from credible sources. Use specific evidence.

Sima is giving a speech on puppy mills in which she says, "By allowing puppy mills to continue, we are condemning hundreds, even thousands of dogs, to unspeakable suffering." What type of appeal is Sima primarily relying on to persuade her audience?

an emotional appeal

Jayde is giving a speech that focuses on the lack of parking on her college campus. Many students live in off-campus housing, but there is minimal public transportation available in the city where the college is located. She proposes implementing a campus shuttle program, with shuttles regularly running between campus and several key locations throughout the city. Although Jayde is not an expert on anything related to transportation, she delivers a polished, well-thought out speech and uses credible evidence to support her ideas, including reports detailing how similar shuttle plans worked for other colleges. What type of credibility does Jayde have during her speech?

derived credibility

Josh is giving a speech on the importance of eating healthy. During a particularly charged moment, he declares, "If you don't eat a low-fat, low-sugar, high-fiber, high-protein diet, you're going to have health issues when you get older!" What fallacy has Josh included in his speech?

either-or fallacy

What term refers to the supporting material that proves or disproves something?

evidence

What is most acceptable form of evidence to use?

evidence that is concrete and quantifiable

What term describes an error in reasoning?

fallacy

"If we let more refugees into this country, they'll take our jobs." This statement appeals to which two emotions?

fear anger

The Roman rhetorician Quintilian stated that eloquence is derived from the force of the imagination and what other factor?

feeling

In what three ways can speakers successfully incorporate evidence into their speeches? Multiple select question.

give evidence to answer the audience's questions and to resolve their objections anticipate the audience's questions and objections imagine what the audience might be thinking

In what three ways can speakers successfully incorporate evidence into their speeches?

imagine what the audience might be thinking give evidence to answer the audience's questions and to resolve their objections anticipate the audience's questions and objections

For what two situations would it be appropriate to use emotional appeals ethically?

in conjunction with building a case on reason when they are appropriate for your topic

"Where will the refugees who are fleeing war-torn countries go, if not here? Other countries are shutting their doors, but our country is better than the rest. We should open our hearts and homes to them." This statement is appealing to which two emotions?

pride compassion

What describes the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence?

reasoning