Week 7

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress? a. More prone to hypotension b. More susceptible to hypertensive crisis c. More prone to hyperglycemia d. Decreased sensitivity to anesthesia

More prone to hypotension

Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency? a. An increase in serum glucocorticoid level b. A decrease in serum glucose level c. No change in serum glucocorticoid level d. An increase in serum ACTH level

No change in serum glucocorticoid level

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is a. fecal impaction. b. adhesions. c. volvulus. d. intussusception.

adhesions

Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation. a. progesterone b. angiotensin II c. ACTH d. corticoglobulin

angiotensin II

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat a. encephalopathy. b. cerebral edema. c. varices. d. peritonitis.

cerebral edema

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? a. Coughing when swallowing b. Nasal regurgitation c. Airway obstruction with swallowing d. Chest pain during meals

chest pain during meals

Most gallstones are composed of a. cholesterol. b. bile. c. calcium. d. uric acid salts.

cholesterol

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called a. hepatic encephalopathy. b. encephalitis. c. kernicterus. d. hepatic meningitis.

kernicterus

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes. a. 130 b. 70 c. more than 180 d. less than 180

less than 180

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet. a. high-protein and high-carbohydrate b. low-protein and high-fiber c. unrestricted d. high-sodium

low-protein and high-fiber

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to a. achieve full recovery after treatment. b. need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy. c. need short-term thyroid replacement therapy. d. receive lifelong iodine treatment.

need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy

Growth hormone-deficient infants would display a. high birth length and weight. b. normal length and low weight. c. normal birth length and weight. d. low birth length and weight.

normal birth length and weight

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of a. octreotide acetate. b. proton pump inhibitors. c. glucose. d. anticoagulants.

octreotide acetate

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is a. pancreatectomy. b. abstinence from alcohol. c. pain control. d. strict dietary avoidance of fats.

pain control

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of a. pancreatitis. b. appendicitis. c. gallbladder disease. d. peritonitis.

pancreatitis

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension. a. pregnancy-induced b. portal c. secondary d. primary

portal

Barrett esophagus is a a. gastrin-secreting tumor. b. preneoplastic lesion. c. gastrin-secreting lesion. d. benign condition.

preneoplastic lesion

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is a. NPH. b. Semilente. c. regular. d. Ultralente.

regular

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States. a. fourth b. second c. seventh d. first

seventh

Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for a. narcotic dependency. b. allergic reaction. c. sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. d. respiratory depression.

sphincter of Oddi dysfunction

Normal bile is composed of a. bile acids. b. proteins. c. phospholipids. d. water, electrolytes, and organic solutes.

water, electrolytes, and organic solutes

A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of a. myxedema. b. Cushing syndrome. c. Addison disease. d. Graves disease.

Graves disease

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B. a. recovered from b. chronic active c. acute d. immunity to

acute

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is a. taking six to eight tablets of acetaminophen per day. b. routinely drinking alcoholic beverages. c. experiencing chronic diarrhea. d. being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids.

being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to a. blood or semen. b. contaminated food. c. hepatitis vaccine. d. feces.

blood or semen

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones a. is inhibited by iodine deficiency. b. is increased by thyrotropin-inhibiting factor. c. occurs in perifollicular C cells. d. is stimulated by ACTH.

is inhibited by iodine deficiency

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to a. increase gastric motility. b. neutralize gastric acid. c. inhibit secretion of pepsinogen. d. decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.

decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from a. neuronal demyelination. b. decreased myoinositol transport. c. elevated HbA1c. d. deficient neuronal insulin receptors.

decreased myoinositol transport

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to a. hyponatremia. b. hypervolemia. c. decreased serum osmolality. d. dehydration.

dehydration

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates a. mechanical bowel obstruction. b. peritonitis. c. functional bowel obstruction. d. perforated bowel.

functional bowel obstruction

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of a. dysphagia. b. gastric ulcer. c. cardiac angina. d. pancreatitis.

gastric ulcer

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is a. ascites. b. cerebral edema. c. gastroesophageal varices. d. hepatic encephalopathy.

gastroesophageal varices

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as a. myxedema. b. cretinism. c. goiter. d. colloidosis.

goiter

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? a. Diarrhea b. Heartburn c. Nausea d. Abdominal cramps

heartburn

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with a. Gilbert syndrome. b. hemolytic reactions. c. hepatitis. d. an increased indirect serum bilirubin.

hepatitis

The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is a. hyperpigmentation. b. hyperglycemia. c. hyperkalemia. d. hypotension.

hyperglycemia

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is a. hyperkalemia. b. hypokalemia. c. hyperglycemia. d. hypernatremia.

hypokalemia

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with a. deficient production of pancreatic enzymes. b. ulceration of the distal colon and rectum. c. inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods. d. megacolon at regions of autonomic denervation.

inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it a. inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis. b. inhibits the release of TSH. c. destroys thyroid gland cells. d. suppresses production of autoantibodies.

inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

The formation of active vitamin D a. is dependent on oral intake of vitamin D. b. is necessary for normal potassium metabolism. c. is impaired in renal failure. d. occurs in the skin.

is impaired in renal failure