welfare and ethics quiz one
animal ethics is not limited to
research facilities
Utilitarian Philosophy?
the right action is that what benefits most individuals. using animals for betterment of people is acceptable, as long as the animal is treated with compassion
dissection?
to cut apart for purposes of scientific examination
suffer?
to feel or endure pain or distress and to appear at a disadvantage
xenotransplantation?
transplantation of animal organs into a human
morals and morality?
what an individual or society believes to be right or wrong
domestication?
where taming from the natural environment and breeding, caring, and managing is under the control of humans
delaney cause?
"no additive shall be deemed to be safe if it is found to induce cancer when ingested by man or animal, or if it is found, after tests which are appropriate for the evaluation of the safety of food additives, to induce cancer in man or animal."
reasons for change in the animal philosophy
1) 100 years ago, 50% of population lived on a farm 2) Americans removed from animals, but desire more knowledge and exposure 3) world has focused on "rights movement" for 100+ years 4) change from husbandry to anial science
five domains animals needs can be focused into?
1) nutritional 2) environmental 3) health 4) behavioral 5) mental
animal welfare?
a movement that believes a reduced and minimal number of animals should be used in research - and that those animals used should be treated as humanely as possible. this concept includes proper housing, disease prevention, nutrition, and human euthanasia or slaughter. this concept implies that humankind has dominion (a power or right) over animals, and as such has responsibility for animal well-being
animal rights?
a movement that insists animals have moral rights equal to those of humans and is totally opposed to biomedical research using animals, sporting events using animals, using animals for clothing or entertainment, product testing and the eating of animals
animal protectionist?
a person who believes animals should be protected from undue suffering, such as hunting, factory farming, nonbiomedical animal research, fur farming, and any animal research that is not essential for saving human and other animal life
analgesia?
a state of insensibility to pain, without loss of consciousness
anesthesia?
a state of lack awareness or sensitivity, with or without loss of consciousness
cytotoxicity?
a substance capacity to kill or damage cells
carcinogenicity?
ability of a substance to cause cancer
AAZPA?
american association of zoological parks and aquariums
ASPCA?
american society for prevention to cruelty to animals
de minimis standard?
an amount so small as to be insignificant
transgenic?
an animal in which the genetic makeup has been modified by the addition of a DNA sequence from another species
pain?
an unpleasant sensation occurring in varying degrees of severity as a consequence of injury, disease or emotional disorder
ALF?
animal liberation front
arson, vandalism, and assault are common tactics used by underground groups used to further the cause. animal liberation front group use routinely criminal activities to further their cause
animal rights
philosophical view that animals have rights similar or the same as humans. proponents believe that humans do not have the right to use animals at all. proponents wish to ban all use of animals by humans
animal rights
proponents believe that violence, misinformation and publicity stunts are valid uses of funding donated to their tax-exempt organizations for the purpose of helping aniamls
animal rights
proponents support laws and regulations that would prohibit rodeos, horse racing, circuses, hunting, life-saving medical research using animals, raising of livestock for food, petting zoos, marine parks, breeding of purebred pets and any use of animals for industry, entertainment, sport or recreation
animal rights
production agriculture - focus on production and efficiency
animal science
groups utilize scientific evidence to base animal care and handling guidelines
animal welfare
human responsibility that encompasses all aspects of animal well-being, including proper housing, management, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling, and when necessary, human euthansia
animal welfare
proponents believe that humans can interact with animals in entertainment, industry, and sport and recreation but that the interaction should include provisions for the proper care and management for all animals involved
animal welfare
proponents seek to improve the treatment and well-being of animals
animal welfare
proponents supports self-regulation for animal sports, including rodeo, polo, three day eventing, FFA competitions, horse racing, field trials and endurance racing
animal welfare
suffering?
can result from intolerable emotional pain, as well as intolerable discomfort. requires a state of consciousness and a functional cerebral cortex - an emotional state. at a degree an individual cannot tolerate
risk assessment?
compares the harmful effects of an action with the potential benefits
anthropomorphism?
concept of ascribing human traits to animals, gods, etc
vivisection?
cutting into a live animal.
humane?
espouses of kind treatment and compassion for humans and other animals
EU
euthanasia
cruelty?
having or showing indifference to, or pleasure in, another's pain or suffering
exploitation?
humans having absolute dominion over animals and using the animals as they see fit
animals used for food, fiber, travel and work
husbandry
in vitro?
in an artificial environment outside the living organism
In situ?
in the original place
abolitionist?
individuals who believe that animals have similar rights as humans. as such, humans must consider whether it is right to use animals for any purpose including food, clothing, entertainment, and research projects. this term is sometimes purposely confused with anti-slavery issues.
dominionists?
individuals who believe that people can do whatever they want to animals, and humans are the only species with rights. when this interpretation includes neglect and abuse, it is usually deemed socially unacceptable
ILAR?
institute of Laboratory Animal Resources
deprivation?
loss of a desired thing, implied cruelty such as limiting an animal's freedom or association with others of its kind, something missing from the animal's environment and the animal being "stressed", "bored", or "unhappy"
serendipity?
making a discovery that was unanticipated
NOEL?
no observed effect level. during the process of toxicity testing on animals, or occasionally on humans, various doses of a pesticide are tested. the dose at which no effect of the type under observation is observed is called this
standing?
one's place or relative position, or one's rank in the community. moral standing is the status, rank, or right to do something
PETA?
people for the ethical treatment of animals
emerged as strong voices for animal rights in the 1970s and 1980s in the US
peter singer and tom reagan
replaceability argument?
philosophy of activist peter singer that states "given that an animal belongs to a species incapable of self consciousness, it follows that it is not wrong to rear and kill it for food, provided that it lives a pleasant life and, after being killed, will be replaced by another animal, which will lead a same similarly pleasant life and would have not existed if the first animal had been killed."
abuse?
physical actions that willfully harm an animal
ethology?
study of behavior of animals
speciesism?
the belief that humans are superior to animals, which is a bias similar to racism. prejudice or bias toward the interests of members of one's own species and against the members of another species
Malthusianism?
the belief that population tends to increase faster than food supply, with inevitably disastrous results, unless the increase in population can be checked by war, famine, pestilence and natural catastrophe
teratogenicity?
the capability of a substance, organism, or drug to malformations in an animal or human fetus
liberation?
the concept that animals are not to be put to work in any way and all use of animals should be eliminated. have been known to break into research labs and set animals free.
culture?
the growth of living cells or microorganisms within a controlled or artificial environment
euthanasia?
the humane killing of an animal by the method which produces rapid unconsciousness and subsequent death without evidence of pain or distress, or a method which utilizes anesthesia produced by an agent that causes painless loss of consciousness and subsequent death
inherent value?
the idea that since animals are "subject of life", they have a value or worth that is innate. the subject of life that is meaningful to that being is also part of the concept
transfection?
the introduction of foreign DNA into a cell's genome
in vivo?
within a living organism