west civ Chapter 14
Jesuits
Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith
Ulrich Zwingli
Swiss Humanist, used Erasmus' New Testament, said that Christian life reste don scriptures= Pure words of god and sole religous truth. Protestant
Catherine of Aragon
Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella
Pope Paul III
established the Supreme Sacred Congregation (Holy Office)
Hapsburgs
A family dynasty, slowly spread and gained land and power from marriage
Purgatory
A place on the way to heaven where people go to work out their unsettled sins from Earth
Thomas Cranmer
Archbishop, simplified liturgy, wrote Book of Common Prayer, order for all services and prayers of church of England
Martin Luther
Augustinian Friar, disagrees with Johann Tetzel because believed that money couldn't buy forgiveness (indulgences) and wrote a letter to the archbishop called the ninety-five theses. Papacy condemned Luther's propositions, wanted church reform, called protestant, used printing press.
Transubstantiation
Belief that the bread and wine at the last supper represent the blood and body of Christ
Mary, Qggggueen of Scots
Catholic, next in line to throne, Elizabeth I imprisoned her
Diet of Worms
Charles V held event at Worms where Luther spoke and said that he didn't want to take back any of his ideas
Charles V
Emporer of Germany in 1521, had Luther make an appearance at Diet of Worms
Peace of Augsburg
Ended the religious war in Germany, Chafles V recognized Lutheranism
Johann Tetzel
German preacher, Dominican Friar, Sold indulgences, said that they would bring full forgiveness
Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII mistress, married after Catherine, beheaded for charges of adulterous incest
Thomas Cromwell
Henry's cheif minister, reformed and centralizad Kings household. WORK ON
Indulgence
In the church, it was believed that if you paid you would get time out of purgatory for you and your loved ones
Augsburg Confession
Lutherans' statement of faith, and remains authoritative statement of belief for many Lutheran churches
Elizabeth I
Mary's sister, took over after she died, while ruling conflict between roman catholics and the church of england, beginnings of religious stability, tolerated all religions
Pilgrimage of Grace
Massive rebellion in England, against catholicism for protestantism.
Anti-Clericalism
Opposition to the clergy in the early 16th century, because of the clergys' immortality, ignorance, and pluralism
Simony
Paying for sacraments
Ninety-Five Theses
Posted on door of church, written in Latin by Martin Luther to the archbishop about the selling of indulgences, said there is punishment even if sins are repented, Later translated in german
John Calvin
Protestant, The Institutes of Christian Religion, believed in absolute sovereignty and omnipotence of god, founder of Calvinism
German Peasants' War
Radicals called for social and religious change and economic condition of peasants extremely low, strengthened authority of lay rulers
Anabaptists
Radicals, didn't think that church and state should be united
Consubstantiation
Says the opposite of trans, that it was just wine and bread
Pluralism
The clerical practice of holding more than one church benefice (or office) at the same time and enjoying income form each
Absenteeism
When church leaders broke the rules of celibicy, gambling etc.
Mary Tudor
Woman ruler from 1553-1558, during reign move back to catholicism,
Henry VIII
Womanizer, wanted to divorce and removed English church from papal jurisdiction to make himself supreme head of church of England, beheaded wife, new religion Anglican Church
Puritans
a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship
Genevan Consistory
body of laymen and pastors to watch over every mans life and warn people leading a disorderly life
John Knox
dominated reform movement-led to establishment of state church, modeled structure of scottish church after Genevan Church
Spanish gggArmada
fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. English won
Ignatius Loyola
founded society of jesus, wrote Spiritual Exercises
Index of Prohibited Books
holy office published it, catalogue of forbidden reading that included works by christian humanists
Council of Trent
laid solid basis for spiritual renewal of the catholic church
Holy Office
official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy
Counter-Reformation
opposed Protestants intellectually, politically, militarily, and institutionally
Predestination
the teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works