west civ Chapter 14

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith

Ulrich Zwingli

Swiss Humanist, used Erasmus' New Testament, said that Christian life reste don scriptures= Pure words of god and sole religous truth. Protestant

Catherine of Aragon

Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella

Pope Paul III

established the Supreme Sacred Congregation (Holy Office)

Hapsburgs

A family dynasty, slowly spread and gained land and power from marriage

Purgatory

A place on the way to heaven where people go to work out their unsettled sins from Earth

Thomas Cranmer

Archbishop, simplified liturgy, wrote Book of Common Prayer, order for all services and prayers of church of England

Martin Luther

Augustinian Friar, disagrees with Johann Tetzel because believed that money couldn't buy forgiveness (indulgences) and wrote a letter to the archbishop called the ninety-five theses. Papacy condemned Luther's propositions, wanted church reform, called protestant, used printing press.

Transubstantiation

Belief that the bread and wine at the last supper represent the blood and body of Christ

Mary, Qggggueen of Scots

Catholic, next in line to throne, Elizabeth I imprisoned her

Diet of Worms

Charles V held event at Worms where Luther spoke and said that he didn't want to take back any of his ideas

Charles V

Emporer of Germany in 1521, had Luther make an appearance at Diet of Worms

Peace of Augsburg

Ended the religious war in Germany, Chafles V recognized Lutheranism

Johann Tetzel

German preacher, Dominican Friar, Sold indulgences, said that they would bring full forgiveness

Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII mistress, married after Catherine, beheaded for charges of adulterous incest

Thomas Cromwell

Henry's cheif minister, reformed and centralizad Kings household. WORK ON

Indulgence

In the church, it was believed that if you paid you would get time out of purgatory for you and your loved ones

Augsburg Confession

Lutherans' statement of faith, and remains authoritative statement of belief for many Lutheran churches

Elizabeth I

Mary's sister, took over after she died, while ruling conflict between roman catholics and the church of england, beginnings of religious stability, tolerated all religions

Pilgrimage of Grace

Massive rebellion in England, against catholicism for protestantism.

Anti-Clericalism

Opposition to the clergy in the early 16th century, because of the clergys' immortality, ignorance, and pluralism

Simony

Paying for sacraments

Ninety-Five Theses

Posted on door of church, written in Latin by Martin Luther to the archbishop about the selling of indulgences, said there is punishment even if sins are repented, Later translated in german

John Calvin

Protestant, The Institutes of Christian Religion, believed in absolute sovereignty and omnipotence of god, founder of Calvinism

German Peasants' War

Radicals called for social and religious change and economic condition of peasants extremely low, strengthened authority of lay rulers

Anabaptists

Radicals, didn't think that church and state should be united

Consubstantiation

Says the opposite of trans, that it was just wine and bread

Pluralism

The clerical practice of holding more than one church benefice (or office) at the same time and enjoying income form each

Absenteeism

When church leaders broke the rules of celibicy, gambling etc.

Mary Tudor

Woman ruler from 1553-1558, during reign move back to catholicism,

Henry VIII

Womanizer, wanted to divorce and removed English church from papal jurisdiction to make himself supreme head of church of England, beheaded wife, new religion Anglican Church

Puritans

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

Genevan Consistory

body of laymen and pastors to watch over every mans life and warn people leading a disorderly life

John Knox

dominated reform movement-led to establishment of state church, modeled structure of scottish church after Genevan Church

Spanish gggArmada

fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade against Protestantism. English won

Ignatius Loyola

founded society of jesus, wrote Spiritual Exercises

Index of Prohibited Books

holy office published it, catalogue of forbidden reading that included works by christian humanists

Council of Trent

laid solid basis for spiritual renewal of the catholic church

Holy Office

official Roman Catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy

Counter-Reformation

opposed Protestants intellectually, politically, militarily, and institutionally

Predestination

the teaching that God has determined the salvation or damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works