Western Civ ch. 3

What was Pericles' strategy for defeating the superior Spartan army?

To avoid land battles whenever possible while attacking Sparta and its allies by sea.

Why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persian fleet in the battle of Salamis in 480 B.C.E.?

The Greeks forced the Persians to fight in a narrow strait between the island of Salamis and the coast, where their sturdier ships rammed the flimsier Persian ships.

Historians refer to the period from around 500 to around 400 B.C.E. as the Golden Age of Greece because during this period:

The Greeks put forward innovations in architecture, sculpture, drama, and philosophy.

Why do historians consider the Greek victory over the far more numerous Persians during the great Persian invasion of 480-479 B.C.E. to have been truly remarkable?

The Greeks so valued their political freedom that they joined forces to preserve it.

In Greek tragedies, leading characters, usually the high and mighty, suffered a reversal of fortune because of hubris, a Greek term for:

Violent arrogance

What percentage of the Athenian population of 250,000 during Pericles' time do historians estimate were slaves?

40 percent

After the Persian Wars, a formal defensive alliance that included city-states in northern Greece, on the Aegean islands, and along the Ionian coast:

Became the basis for the Athenian Empire, because Athens required the other member city-states to fund warships built and manned by Athenians.

Aristophanes' comedy Lysistrata (411 B.C.E.) portrayed women seizing the initiative and acting aggressively against men in order to:

End the Peloponnesian War and restore ordinary life.

How did the fifth-century Sophist Protagoras offend many Athenians?

He insisted that absolute truth did not exist because every issue had two irreconcilable sides.

Whose The Histories depicted the Persian Wars as a clash between East and West?

Herodotus of Halicarnassus

What Greek physician was regarded as a pioneer in using clinical observation to make medical diagnoses and may have been the author of the view that the human body consists of four humors, or fluids?

Hippocrates

The majority of Athens's population consisted of:

Individuals who lacked political rights.

Greeks in search of a personal religion that addressed both life on earth and the afterlife joined:

Mystery cults such as the cult of Demeter.

Aspasia of Miletus exhibited so much knowledge and brilliance that which high-ranking Athenian politician wished to marry her?

Pericles

According to Thucydides, what reason did Pericles offer for rejecting Sparta's ultimatum?

Pericles argued that giving in to Sparta's demand would be a sign of weakness and would only encourage Sparta to take further advantage of Athens.

What did initiates into Greek mystery cults generally hope to obtain?

Secret knowledge and divine protection.

Athens's wealth during the Golden Age largely derived from:

Taxes on trade and Delian League dues.

Why did the Persians believe that the Athenians had agreed to behave as loyal Persian subjects?

The Athenian diplomats offered the Persians tokens that signified Athens's submission to Persian authority.

What did the Athenians do that so enraged the Persian king Darius I?

The Athenians aided the Greek Ionian city-states in their uprising against their Persian overlords.

What finally led to Athenian defeat and the conclusion of the Peloponnesian War?

The Spartans enlisted the help of the Persians to build a navy that could force the Athenians to surrender.