Western civ final
Crimean war
(1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France caused Russia to lose; Russians realize the need to industrialize. And It breaks the quadruple alliance
tsar
A Russian emperor
What is fascism?
A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.
Schlieffen Plan
Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare.
Central Powers
Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire
The first violent act of the French Revolution was the attack on the
Bastille
How did America get "pulled" into WWI?
Because the Germans killed Americans and a letter they intercepted from Germany to Mexico. And British propaganda
French nobles resisted Necker's financial reforms because?
Because they wanted the feudal powers and didn't want to pay taxes
Kulturkampf
Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church
The largest "group" of people in France consisted of the
Bourgeoisie
Louis XVI called together the meeting of the Estates-General to discuss
Frances financial problem
The Western Front was located in between
Germany and France
Allied Powers (Triple Entente)
Great Britain, France, Russia
How did Bismarck accomplish the nationalization of Germany?
He used the money to strengthen the army, he stirred out conflicts, and he used his connections. Blood and iron aka military, and realpolitik
French Independence Day
July 14, 1789
congress of Vienna
Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon
why did the 1st World War start
Nationalism imperialism militarism industrialization assassination of Franz
the committee of Public Safety
Powerful group, led by Robespierre, set up to defeat all enemies of the revolution.
Bismarck
Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule. Delivers "blood and iron" speech.
What was the name of the period when the most deaths occurred during the Revolution
Reign of Terror
Which European country was Napoleon unable to conquer?
Russia and England
What were the reasons that 1917 was the "decisive year"?
Russia left the war and America joined it
Where did the Third Estate make an Oath to create a Constitution?
Tennis court
four phases of the French Revolution
The Moderate Phase The Radical Phase Directory Phase Napoleonic Phase
Eastern Fronts
The eastern front was more spread out and had harder ground so fewer trenches and battles were slower
Zollverein
The name of the free trade zone that German states created before to their unification.
western fronts
The western fronts had many tranches and that was the main way of fighting.
Why did women march on Versailles?
The women marched to Versailles because they were furious about the high taxes and the scarcity of bread.
unification of Italy
They didn't want to come together because they had their own space, then at a point, they came together and came everything to another guy to unify all of Italy made the first king of Italy, Victor Emmanuel
European rulers denounced the French Revolution because?
They feared the revolution would spread into their country
Describe the revolutions of 1830 and 1848.
They used to have a leader that let them be free but now they didn't so they didn't like that. Only the independence revolution for Belgium works
The theory that population growth will outgrow the food supply is from who
Thomas Malthus
Where did Napoleon meet his final defeat?
Waterloo
Why did William II asked Bismarck to resign
William II wanted no rivals
1792, the National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and declared France
a limited monarchy
The sans-culottes and Jacobins demanded
a republic and an end to the monarchy
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen stated that?
all men are born and remain free and equal in rights
Napoleonic Code
body of French civil laws introduced in 1804; served as model for many nations' civil codes
During the Terror, everyone addressed each other as
citizens
What was Bismarck's domestic and foreign policy?
he sought to freeze the status quo after 1871
Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because
it ruined peoples trust in the tsars
Why did the French Revolution start
kings held power and used it to benefit themselves and not people. There was bad leaders, no food, the rich had so much more than the poor and the political system was broken because the first and second states voted against the third so majority won.
the land that was between the trenches
no mans land
Realpolitik
realistic politics based on the needs of the state and not morals
the millions of people who lost their lives in World War I
the lost generation
What was the Reign of Terror
the period of the French Revolution when thousands of people were killed
why was the women's march so important
they physically took the king and queen back to pairs and made them sign the things the people wanted to happen.