Western civ final

Crimean war

(1853-1856) Russian war against Ottomans for control of the Black Sea; intervention by Britain and France caused Russia to lose; Russians realize the need to industrialize. And It breaks the quadruple alliance

tsar

A Russian emperor

What is fascism?

A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.

Schlieffen Plan

Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare.

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

The first violent act of the French Revolution was the attack on the

Bastille

How did America get "pulled" into WWI?

Because the Germans killed Americans and a letter they intercepted from Germany to Mexico. And British propaganda

French nobles resisted Necker's financial reforms because?

Because they wanted the feudal powers and didn't want to pay taxes

Kulturkampf

Bismarck's attack on the Catholic Church

The largest "group" of people in France consisted of the

Bourgeoisie

Louis XVI called together the meeting of the Estates-General to discuss

Frances financial problem

The Western Front was located in between

Germany and France

Allied Powers (Triple Entente)

Great Britain, France, Russia

How did Bismarck accomplish the nationalization of Germany?

He used the money to strengthen the army, he stirred out conflicts, and he used his connections. Blood and iron aka military, and realpolitik

French Independence Day

July 14, 1789

congress of Vienna

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

why did the 1st World War start

Nationalism imperialism militarism industrialization assassination of Franz

the committee of Public Safety

Powerful group, led by Robespierre, set up to defeat all enemies of the revolution.

Bismarck

Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule. Delivers "blood and iron" speech.

What was the name of the period when the most deaths occurred during the Revolution

Reign of Terror

Which European country was Napoleon unable to conquer?

Russia and England

What were the reasons that 1917 was the "decisive year"?

Russia left the war and America joined it

Where did the Third Estate make an Oath to create a Constitution?

Tennis court

four phases of the French Revolution

The Moderate Phase The Radical Phase Directory Phase Napoleonic Phase

Eastern Fronts

The eastern front was more spread out and had harder ground so fewer trenches and battles were slower

Zollverein

The name of the free trade zone that German states created before to their unification.

western fronts

The western fronts had many tranches and that was the main way of fighting.

Why did women march on Versailles?

The women marched to Versailles because they were furious about the high taxes and the scarcity of bread.

unification of Italy

They didn't want to come together because they had their own space, then at a point, they came together and came everything to another guy to unify all of Italy made the first king of Italy, Victor Emmanuel

European rulers denounced the French Revolution because?

They feared the revolution would spread into their country

Describe the revolutions of 1830 and 1848.

They used to have a leader that let them be free but now they didn't so they didn't like that. Only the independence revolution for Belgium works

The theory that population growth will outgrow the food supply is from who

Thomas Malthus

Where did Napoleon meet his final defeat?

Waterloo

Why did William II asked Bismarck to resign

William II wanted no rivals

1792, the National Convention voted to abolish the monarchy and declared France

a limited monarchy

The sans-culottes and Jacobins demanded

a republic and an end to the monarchy

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen stated that?

all men are born and remain free and equal in rights

Napoleonic Code

body of French civil laws introduced in 1804; served as model for many nations' civil codes

During the Terror, everyone addressed each other as

citizens

What was Bismarck's domestic and foreign policy?

he sought to freeze the status quo after 1871

Bloody Sunday served as a turning point in Russia because

it ruined peoples trust in the tsars

Why did the French Revolution start

kings held power and used it to benefit themselves and not people. There was bad leaders, no food, the rich had so much more than the poor and the political system was broken because the first and second states voted against the third so majority won.

the land that was between the trenches

no mans land

Realpolitik

realistic politics based on the needs of the state and not morals

the millions of people who lost their lives in World War I

the lost generation

What was the Reign of Terror

the period of the French Revolution when thousands of people were killed

why was the women's march so important

they physically took the king and queen back to pairs and made them sign the things the people wanted to happen.