Western civilization midterm
Russia
"Czar" was the royal title of
Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners
"Gentry" referred to Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners O Church leaders O Sklled tradesmen O Professionals
Languages
"Polyglot" specifically refers to numerous
Working-class
"Sans-culottes" refers to
O Italy and Spain
0/1 pts and Guided by the principles of the Concert of Europe, liberals in ______ and ______were crushed in the 182Os.
Rejected barriers to international trade
Adam Smith
Mercantilism
Adam Smith opposed
Vienna
After Napoleon was finally defeated, the leading powers met at ______to discuss European affairs.
Orange, Dutch Republic
After the Glorious Revolution, Parliament invited William of Mary, the Duke and Duchess of _______ to be the english king.
False
After the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, most people saw women as equally able as men to learn through reason and logic.
Monroe Doctrine
American warning to Europeans to stop further colonialism in the western hemisphere
the Netherlands
Amsterdam is in
Estate
An encomienda was a Spanish University Estate Church O Military commander
Robespierre
Architect of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution
Skilled tradesmen
Artisans referred to O Church leaders O Skilled tradesmen O Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners OProfessional or commercial middle-class
Poland
Austria, Russia, and Prussia three times partitioned
Habsburg
Austrian royal dynasty
Wollstonecraft
Author of "Vindication of the Rights of Women"
Voltaire
Author of Candide
Montesquieu
Author of The Spirit of the Laws
Adam Smith
Author of The Wealth of Nations
Prison
Bastille was a
Louis XVIII
Became king of France after Napoloen was defeated
Louis Philippe
Became king of France as a result of the Revolution of 1830
England
Became the dominant colonial power in North America after the Seven Years War
Prison reform
Beccaria wrote mostly about
"I think therefore I am."
Billie eillish. Jk. Descartes
Professional or commercial middle-class
Bourgeoisie referred to Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners Skilled tradesmen Professional or commercial middle-class Church leaders
Match the colony to its Mother Country (each answer will be used only once). Brazil Portugal Mexico Spain Atlantic Seaboard England Quebec. France
Brazil-Portugal Mexico-spain Atlantic seaboard-england Quebec-france
Duke of Wellington
British general who defeated Napoleon
Netherlands
By 1700, _____was a republic.
Prussia
By 1700, which was ruled by an absolutist king?
O Spain
By 1750, NOT a major commercial giant O England O Netherlands France O Spain
Religious freedom
Candide largely deals with the issue of
France
Cardinal Richelieu was from
Russia
Catherine the Great was queen of
False
Classical liberalism of the Enlightenment is the same as modern liberalism.
Russia
Czars were rulers in
England regained its lost French possessions.
Did not occur in the name of legitimacy
True
Early Modern society was strictly hierarchical.
Mercantilism
Economic system preferred by absolutists
Conservative
Edmund Burke was a leading
Rousseau
Emphasized the concept of the "general will"
Place the following events in chronological order. Estates-General called, French Constitution written, French republic created, Execution of king and queen of France Rise of Napoleon
Estates-General, French Constitution .French republic .Execution of king. Rise of Napoleon
False
European nations did NOT typically prosper from their New World colonies.
Charles I
Executed after the English Civil War
Smith
Father of economic liberalism
Spain
Ferdinand VIl was a king of
Copernicus
First major scientist to state that the sun was the center of the universe
Prussia
Frederick I was king of
Huguenots
French Calvinists
Marquiz Lafayette
French aristocrat who participated in the American and French revolutions
Ultraroyalists
French faction favoring return of the Old Order in the 1820s
Laissez-faire
French radicals did NOT support
Skilled trades
Guilds formulated policies related to Education Skilled trades Religion
Scotland
In 1707, England united with_______ forming the United Kingdom, or Great Britain
Ottoman Empire
In 1821, Greece rebelled against
Netherlands
In 1830, Belgium broke away from
Belgium
In 1830, ______broke away from the Netherlands.
Calvinist
In terms of religion, the Dutch were largely
Ottoman Empire
In the 17th century, the major enemy of Austria
Peasants
In the 18th century, nearly 80% of Europeans were
Austria
In the early 19th century, Italy was largely controlled by
His anti-French policies
James II became unpopular with most of England because of all the following EXCEPT
O Strong government power
John Locke used the idea of the social contract to justify all of the following EXCEPT
Whig
John Locke was a
Aristocrats
Junkers were
Prussian aristocrats
Junkers were
Prussia
Junkers were aristocrats in
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Key statement of French revolutionary principles
Louis XVI
King of France when the Revolution broke out
Robespierre
Leader of the Jacobins
Jacobins
Leading faction of the French Revolution radicals
Germanic areas
Lutherans were stronger in
Austria
Marie Antionette was from
Queen
Marie Antoinette was a
Italy
Mazzini fought for the unification of
Diderot
Most strongly associated with The Encyclopedia
Montesquieu
Most strongly associated with checks and balances
African
Mulattoes referred to a mixture of European and
Emperor
Napoleon carried the title of
Confederation of the Rhine
Napoleon reorganized the Holy Roman Empire as the
the Church
Napoleon signed an 1801 Concordat with
Corsica
Napoleon was from
Russia
Napoleon's army was wiped out after the invasion of
French
Not a Germanic-based language
Romanian
Not a Slavic language
Elizabeth I
Not a Stuart monarch
Beccaria
Not a key influence on the formation of the scientific method
Strong defense of individual rights
Not a key tenet of classical conservatism
Paracelsus
Not a leader in astronomy during the scientific revolution
Prussia
Not a liberal country by the 1830s
Wheat
Not a major part of the Atlantic trade in the 18th century Sugar Wheat Slaves Tobacco
Netherlands
Not a major player in the Seven Years War
Thirty Years War
Not a major war in the 18th century
Support for Enlightenment principles
Not a principle invoked by the Concert of Europe
Wheat
Not a significant "slave crop" in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
Knight
Not a typical aristocratic/noble title O Knight Baron OEarl Duke
Abolition of slavery
Not an aspect of the American constitution
Republican government
Not an aspect of the French Constitution of 1791
Turks
Not an ethnic group in the Austrian Empire in the nineteenth century
Tariffs
Not an example of American classical liberalism
Slavery
Not an issue that led to the American Revolution
Catholic church made official state church
Not an outcome of the French Revolution (even if only temporary)
Rejection of reason and rationalism
Not an outcome of the Scientific Revolution
Working-class
Not associated with Enlightenment philosophes
Absolutism
Not associated with John Locke
Individual freedom
Not associated with absolutism
Aristocratic privilege
Not associated with classical liberalism
Government assistance to the poor
Not associated with classical liberalism
A. Absolute property rights
Not associated with mercantilism a Absolute property rights b Business subsidies c O Import tariffs d Government banks
They promoted free thought and inquiry
Not associated with most 17th- and 18th-century established churches
International peace
Not associated with the 18th century
Royal absolutism
Not associated with the 18th century government of Britain
Burke
Not associated with the Enlightenment
Strong support for traditional wisdom
Not associated with the Enlightenment
Full religious liberty
Not associated with the Jacobins
Universal male suffrage
Not associated with the July Monarchy
Modest lifestyle
Not associated with the nobility of the 18th century
Italians
Not heavily involved in the Slave Trade
Greater absolutism
Not impact of the Glorious Revolution
Spain
Not in East Europe Poland Hungary Spain Ottomans
Italy
Not in Northern Europe Sweden Denmark Netherlands Italy
Russia
Not in West Europe Russia England France Holy Roman Empire
Russia
Not in Western Europe
Russia
Not in Western Europe O Russia O France O Holy Roman Empire C England
Spain
Not one of the five major powers in the 18th century
Clergy
Not part of the Third Estate
England
Not strongly associated with Enlightened Despotism
England
Not under Napoleon's domination by 1810
Wealth from commerce and business
O Vast estates O Enjoyed O Wealth from commerce and business O Legal and political privileges
James II
Overthrown during the Glorious Revolution
Sans-culottes
Paris mob during the French Revolution
Louis XIV
Perhaps the most absolutist French king
Russia
Peter the Great was king of
Italy
Piedmont-Sardinia was a kingdom within
Peter the Great
Policy of westernization
Inheriting a noble estate
Primogeniture refers to Inheriting a noble estate Entering church service Guild restrictions Banking
Marie Antoinette
Queen of France when the Revolution broke out
Louis XVII (18th)
Restored the French monarchy in 1815
Habsburg
Royal dynasty of Austria
Romanov
Royal dynasty of Russia
Latin America
Simon Bolivar led revolutions in
Gravity
Sir Isaac Newton was mostly associated with a discussion of
Clothing
Sumptuary laws restricted Clothing Commerce O Religious practices O Voting rights
Ability of individuals to make economic decisions without government restriction
Supporters of laissez-faire supported which of the following?
Louis XIV
The "Sun King"
Economics
The "invisible hand" deals with
1776
The American Declaration of Independence was written in
Classical liberalism
The American Revolution was mostly inspired by
German Confederation
The Carlsbad decrees prohibited nationalist writings and organizations throughout
True
The Columbian Exchange refers to the process by which plants, animals, and people from Europe were introduced into the New World, and vice versa.
Trade
The Continental System dealt with
Tariffs
The Corn Laws dealt with
Russia
The Decembrist Revolution occurred in
Classical liberalism
The Declaration of the Rights of Man was based on the principles of
Suffrage
The English Reform Bill of 1832 dealt with
Tory
The English conservative party in the 19th century
18th
The Enlightenment was mostly associated with the ______century.
Anglicans
The Exclusion Bill would have required that only _____serve as monarchs.
1789
The French Revolution broke out in
Clergy
The French first estate was comprised of
Estates-General
The French representative body before the revolution
Bourbon
The French royal dynasty in the 17th century
Aristocrats
The French second estate was comprised of
Political rebellion
The Fronde involved
France
The Fronde occurred in
England
The Glorious Revolution provided for individual freedom and ended absolutism in the kingdom of
Social Hierarchy
The Great Chain of Being referred to
Austria
The Habsburgs ruled
Britain
The Hanoverian dynasty ruled
Holy Roman Empire
The Hanoverian dynasty was from
Germanic
The Holy Roman Empire was a loose collection of ______states
Germany
The Holy Roman Empire was basically modern-day
Netherlands
The House of Orange ruled
Netherlands
The House of Orange was from
Orange
The House of ________attempted to become essentially Dutch monarchs
Radicals
The Jacobins were
Slave trade
The Middle Passage was related to
Law
The Napoleonic Code dealth with
The forces of nature change over time
The New Science did NOT believe that
Muslim
The Ottoman Empire was mostly Muslim Catholic Protestant Jewish
Hohenzollern
The Prussian royal dynasty
16th and 17h
The Scientific Revolution occurred mostly in ________the centuries.
England
The St Peterloo Massacre occurred in
a National Assembly
The Tennis Court Oath was associated with
Urban middle-class
The bourgeoisie refers to
Military
The chief characteristic of eighteenth-century Prussia was
Middle-class
The class that tended to accept classical liberalism the most readily
Absolutism
The concept of "divine right" was used to justify
India
The earliest explorers sought new trade routes to O Russia India O the Americas O Australia
Sun
The heliocentric thesis argues that the_______ is the center of the universe.
Kings
The idea of Divine Right was used to justify the authority of
O government should have a very limited role in the economy
The idea of laissez-faire economics suggests that
Smith
The invisible hand was most strongly associated with
Yorktown
The last battle of the American Revolution
Prince Klemens von Metternich
The leading architect of the Concert of Europe
The military
The levee en masse dealt with
Paris
The sans-culottes were mostly from
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
The slogan of the French Revolution
Netherlands
The stadtholder was an office in
Pike
The symbol of the French Revolution
A slave rebellion
Touissant L'Ouverture was involved in
Haiti
Toussaint L'Ouverture was from
False
Under the Reign of Terror, French law protected absolute freedom of speech.
Palace
Versailles was a
Deism
View that God stays out of human affairs
Whigs
Which English political party was liberal? (as it was then defined)
Northwest Europe
Which nations typically boasted the largest middle-class in the Early Modern Era? Southern Europe Northwest Europe Eastern Europe
Leaders recognized that the needs of the poor must be provided for.
Which statement about the Concert of Europe is false? a. Many European leaders were horrified at the conflict and destruction wrought by the French Revolution and Napoleon. b. Leaders recognized that the needs of the poor must be provided c. Little patience was shown to liberals and nationalists. d. European aristocrats sought harmony and negotiation over war, at least in the short-run.
England
Which was NOT overwhelmingly Catholic in the Early Modern Era? O Italy O France O Spain O England
France
Which was an overwhelmingly Catholic country in 1700?
Local rulers
Within the Holy Roman Empire, most power was in the hands of
Voltaire
Witty philosophe who blistered his native French society
Prison reform
beccaria
