Western civilization midterm

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Russia

"Czar" was the royal title of

Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners

"Gentry" referred to Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners O Church leaders O Sklled tradesmen O Professionals

Languages

"Polyglot" specifically refers to numerous

Working-class

"Sans-culottes" refers to

O Italy and Spain

0/1 pts and Guided by the principles of the Concert of Europe, liberals in ______ and ______were crushed in the 182Os.

Rejected barriers to international trade

Adam Smith

Mercantilism

Adam Smith opposed

Vienna

After Napoleon was finally defeated, the leading powers met at ______to discuss European affairs.

Orange, Dutch Republic

After the Glorious Revolution, Parliament invited William of Mary, the Duke and Duchess of _______ to be the english king.

False

After the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, most people saw women as equally able as men to learn through reason and logic.

Monroe Doctrine

American warning to Europeans to stop further colonialism in the western hemisphere

the Netherlands

Amsterdam is in

Estate

An encomienda was a Spanish University Estate Church O Military commander

Robespierre

Architect of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution

Skilled tradesmen

Artisans referred to O Church leaders O Skilled tradesmen O Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners OProfessional or commercial middle-class

Poland

Austria, Russia, and Prussia three times partitioned

Habsburg

Austrian royal dynasty

Wollstonecraft

Author of "Vindication of the Rights of Women"

Voltaire

Author of Candide

Montesquieu

Author of The Spirit of the Laws

Adam Smith

Author of The Wealth of Nations

Prison

Bastille was a

Louis XVIII

Became king of France after Napoloen was defeated

Louis Philippe

Became king of France as a result of the Revolution of 1830

England

Became the dominant colonial power in North America after the Seven Years War

Prison reform

Beccaria wrote mostly about

"I think therefore I am."

Billie eillish. Jk. Descartes

Professional or commercial middle-class

Bourgeoisie referred to Wealthy, but not aristocratic, landowners Skilled tradesmen Professional or commercial middle-class Church leaders

Match the colony to its Mother Country (each answer will be used only once). Brazil Portugal Mexico Spain Atlantic Seaboard England Quebec. France

Brazil-Portugal Mexico-spain Atlantic seaboard-england Quebec-france

Duke of Wellington

British general who defeated Napoleon

Netherlands

By 1700, _____was a republic.

Prussia

By 1700, which was ruled by an absolutist king?

O Spain

By 1750, NOT a major commercial giant O England O Netherlands France O Spain

Religious freedom

Candide largely deals with the issue of

France

Cardinal Richelieu was from

Russia

Catherine the Great was queen of

False

Classical liberalism of the Enlightenment is the same as modern liberalism.

Russia

Czars were rulers in

England regained its lost French possessions.

Did not occur in the name of legitimacy

True

Early Modern society was strictly hierarchical.

Mercantilism

Economic system preferred by absolutists

Conservative

Edmund Burke was a leading

Rousseau

Emphasized the concept of the "general will"

Place the following events in chronological order. Estates-General called, French Constitution written, French republic created, Execution of king and queen of France Rise of Napoleon

Estates-General, French Constitution .French republic .Execution of king. Rise of Napoleon

False

European nations did NOT typically prosper from their New World colonies.

Charles I

Executed after the English Civil War

Smith

Father of economic liberalism

Spain

Ferdinand VIl was a king of

Copernicus

First major scientist to state that the sun was the center of the universe

Prussia

Frederick I was king of

Huguenots

French Calvinists

Marquiz Lafayette

French aristocrat who participated in the American and French revolutions

Ultraroyalists

French faction favoring return of the Old Order in the 1820s

Laissez-faire

French radicals did NOT support

Skilled trades

Guilds formulated policies related to Education Skilled trades Religion

Scotland

In 1707, England united with_______ forming the United Kingdom, or Great Britain

Ottoman Empire

In 1821, Greece rebelled against

Netherlands

In 1830, Belgium broke away from

Belgium

In 1830, ______broke away from the Netherlands.

Calvinist

In terms of religion, the Dutch were largely

Ottoman Empire

In the 17th century, the major enemy of Austria

Peasants

In the 18th century, nearly 80% of Europeans were

Austria

In the early 19th century, Italy was largely controlled by

His anti-French policies

James II became unpopular with most of England because of all the following EXCEPT

O Strong government power

John Locke used the idea of the social contract to justify all of the following EXCEPT

Whig

John Locke was a

Aristocrats

Junkers were

Prussian aristocrats

Junkers were

Prussia

Junkers were aristocrats in

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Key statement of French revolutionary principles

Louis XVI

King of France when the Revolution broke out

Robespierre

Leader of the Jacobins

Jacobins

Leading faction of the French Revolution radicals

Germanic areas

Lutherans were stronger in

Austria

Marie Antionette was from

Queen

Marie Antoinette was a

Italy

Mazzini fought for the unification of

Diderot

Most strongly associated with The Encyclopedia

Montesquieu

Most strongly associated with checks and balances

African

Mulattoes referred to a mixture of European and

Emperor

Napoleon carried the title of

Confederation of the Rhine

Napoleon reorganized the Holy Roman Empire as the

the Church

Napoleon signed an 1801 Concordat with

Corsica

Napoleon was from

Russia

Napoleon's army was wiped out after the invasion of

French

Not a Germanic-based language

Romanian

Not a Slavic language

Elizabeth I

Not a Stuart monarch

Beccaria

Not a key influence on the formation of the scientific method

Strong defense of individual rights

Not a key tenet of classical conservatism

Paracelsus

Not a leader in astronomy during the scientific revolution

Prussia

Not a liberal country by the 1830s

Wheat

Not a major part of the Atlantic trade in the 18th century Sugar Wheat Slaves Tobacco

Netherlands

Not a major player in the Seven Years War

Thirty Years War

Not a major war in the 18th century

Support for Enlightenment principles

Not a principle invoked by the Concert of Europe

Wheat

Not a significant "slave crop" in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

Knight

Not a typical aristocratic/noble title O Knight Baron OEarl Duke

Abolition of slavery

Not an aspect of the American constitution

Republican government

Not an aspect of the French Constitution of 1791

Turks

Not an ethnic group in the Austrian Empire in the nineteenth century

Tariffs

Not an example of American classical liberalism

Slavery

Not an issue that led to the American Revolution

Catholic church made official state church

Not an outcome of the French Revolution (even if only temporary)

Rejection of reason and rationalism

Not an outcome of the Scientific Revolution

Working-class

Not associated with Enlightenment philosophes

Absolutism

Not associated with John Locke

Individual freedom

Not associated with absolutism

Aristocratic privilege

Not associated with classical liberalism

Government assistance to the poor

Not associated with classical liberalism

A. Absolute property rights

Not associated with mercantilism a Absolute property rights b Business subsidies c O Import tariffs d Government banks

They promoted free thought and inquiry

Not associated with most 17th- and 18th-century established churches

International peace

Not associated with the 18th century

Royal absolutism

Not associated with the 18th century government of Britain

Burke

Not associated with the Enlightenment

Strong support for traditional wisdom

Not associated with the Enlightenment

Full religious liberty

Not associated with the Jacobins

Universal male suffrage

Not associated with the July Monarchy

Modest lifestyle

Not associated with the nobility of the 18th century

Italians

Not heavily involved in the Slave Trade

Greater absolutism

Not impact of the Glorious Revolution

Spain

Not in East Europe Poland Hungary Spain Ottomans

Italy

Not in Northern Europe Sweden Denmark Netherlands Italy

Russia

Not in West Europe Russia England France Holy Roman Empire

Russia

Not in Western Europe

Russia

Not in Western Europe O Russia O France O Holy Roman Empire C England

Spain

Not one of the five major powers in the 18th century

Clergy

Not part of the Third Estate

England

Not strongly associated with Enlightened Despotism

England

Not under Napoleon's domination by 1810

Wealth from commerce and business

O Vast estates O Enjoyed O Wealth from commerce and business O Legal and political privileges

James II

Overthrown during the Glorious Revolution

Sans-culottes

Paris mob during the French Revolution

Louis XIV

Perhaps the most absolutist French king

Russia

Peter the Great was king of

Italy

Piedmont-Sardinia was a kingdom within

Peter the Great

Policy of westernization

Inheriting a noble estate

Primogeniture refers to Inheriting a noble estate Entering church service Guild restrictions Banking

Marie Antoinette

Queen of France when the Revolution broke out

Louis XVII (18th)

Restored the French monarchy in 1815

Habsburg

Royal dynasty of Austria

Romanov

Royal dynasty of Russia

Latin America

Simon Bolivar led revolutions in

Gravity

Sir Isaac Newton was mostly associated with a discussion of

Clothing

Sumptuary laws restricted Clothing Commerce O Religious practices O Voting rights

Ability of individuals to make economic decisions without government restriction

Supporters of laissez-faire supported which of the following?

Louis XIV

The "Sun King"

Economics

The "invisible hand" deals with

1776

The American Declaration of Independence was written in

Classical liberalism

The American Revolution was mostly inspired by

German Confederation

The Carlsbad decrees prohibited nationalist writings and organizations throughout

True

The Columbian Exchange refers to the process by which plants, animals, and people from Europe were introduced into the New World, and vice versa.

Trade

The Continental System dealt with

Tariffs

The Corn Laws dealt with

Russia

The Decembrist Revolution occurred in

Classical liberalism

The Declaration of the Rights of Man was based on the principles of

Suffrage

The English Reform Bill of 1832 dealt with

Tory

The English conservative party in the 19th century

18th

The Enlightenment was mostly associated with the ______century.

Anglicans

The Exclusion Bill would have required that only _____serve as monarchs.

1789

The French Revolution broke out in

Clergy

The French first estate was comprised of

Estates-General

The French representative body before the revolution

Bourbon

The French royal dynasty in the 17th century

Aristocrats

The French second estate was comprised of

Political rebellion

The Fronde involved

France

The Fronde occurred in

England

The Glorious Revolution provided for individual freedom and ended absolutism in the kingdom of

Social Hierarchy

The Great Chain of Being referred to

Austria

The Habsburgs ruled

Britain

The Hanoverian dynasty ruled

Holy Roman Empire

The Hanoverian dynasty was from

Germanic

The Holy Roman Empire was a loose collection of ______states

Germany

The Holy Roman Empire was basically modern-day

Netherlands

The House of Orange ruled

Netherlands

The House of Orange was from

Orange

The House of ________attempted to become essentially Dutch monarchs

Radicals

The Jacobins were

Slave trade

The Middle Passage was related to

Law

The Napoleonic Code dealth with

The forces of nature change over time

The New Science did NOT believe that

Muslim

The Ottoman Empire was mostly Muslim Catholic Protestant Jewish

Hohenzollern

The Prussian royal dynasty

16th and 17h

The Scientific Revolution occurred mostly in ________the centuries.

England

The St Peterloo Massacre occurred in

a National Assembly

The Tennis Court Oath was associated with

Urban middle-class

The bourgeoisie refers to

Military

The chief characteristic of eighteenth-century Prussia was

Middle-class

The class that tended to accept classical liberalism the most readily

Absolutism

The concept of "divine right" was used to justify

India

The earliest explorers sought new trade routes to O Russia India O the Americas O Australia

Sun

The heliocentric thesis argues that the_______ is the center of the universe.

Kings

The idea of Divine Right was used to justify the authority of

O government should have a very limited role in the economy

The idea of laissez-faire economics suggests that

Smith

The invisible hand was most strongly associated with

Yorktown

The last battle of the American Revolution

Prince Klemens von Metternich

The leading architect of the Concert of Europe

The military

The levee en masse dealt with

Paris

The sans-culottes were mostly from

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

The slogan of the French Revolution

Netherlands

The stadtholder was an office in

Pike

The symbol of the French Revolution

A slave rebellion

Touissant L'Ouverture was involved in

Haiti

Toussaint L'Ouverture was from

False

Under the Reign of Terror, French law protected absolute freedom of speech.

Palace

Versailles was a

Deism

View that God stays out of human affairs

Whigs

Which English political party was liberal? (as it was then defined)

Northwest Europe

Which nations typically boasted the largest middle-class in the Early Modern Era? Southern Europe Northwest Europe Eastern Europe

Leaders recognized that the needs of the poor must be provided for.

Which statement about the Concert of Europe is false? a. Many European leaders were horrified at the conflict and destruction wrought by the French Revolution and Napoleon. b. Leaders recognized that the needs of the poor must be provided c. Little patience was shown to liberals and nationalists. d. European aristocrats sought harmony and negotiation over war, at least in the short-run.

England

Which was NOT overwhelmingly Catholic in the Early Modern Era? O Italy O France O Spain O England

France

Which was an overwhelmingly Catholic country in 1700?

Local rulers

Within the Holy Roman Empire, most power was in the hands of

Voltaire

Witty philosophe who blistered his native French society

Prison reform

beccaria


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