wft 101
How many common denominators of Fire Behavior on Tragedy Fires are there?
5 (with margin: 0)
Which is NOT a Foehn Wind?
??? not chinook
Which of the following would be a drought alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?
dust in the duff
Which of these is a characteristic of lighter fuels?
easier ignite
An example of a horizontally oriented wildland fuel is __________.
grass
Which is NOT an example of heavy fuels?
grass
The part of the fire that is burning the hottest is usually called the ____________.
head
Normally, relative humidity is __________ during the night.
higher
Watch Out Situation 14: Weather becoming __________ and drier.
hotter
Watch Out Situation 13: On a hillside where rolling material can _________ fuel below.
ignite
Which is NOT part of the fire triangle?
ignition
Unstable atmospheres can _________ fire behavior.
increase
Denominator: In relatively _________ fuels, such as grass, herbs, and brush.
light
Normally, relative humidity is __________ during the day.
lower
Which is NOT an indicator of unstable air?
marine layer
Which is NOT a dangerous topographic feature for fire spread?
meadows
Which is NOT part of the wildland fire environment?
prevention
Which tool in the belt weather kit would you use to measure temperature and calculate relative humidity and dew points?
psychrometer
______________________ is the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air compared to the greatest amount possible at the same temperature.
relative humidity
Which is NOT a term used to classify fuels as to their position on the ground or in the air?
thick fuels
An example of a vertically oriented wildland fuel is __________.
timber
Which is NOT an example of light fuels?
timber
Denominator: When fire responds to __________ conditions and runs uphill.
topographic
A fire burning on the surface, but periodically igniting the crown of a single or small group of trees or shrubs before returning to the surface is __________.
torching
What is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the ground?
troposphere
Wind direction describes where the wind is coming from.
true
Watch Out Situation 4: Unfamiliar with __________ and local factors influencing fire behavior.
weather
What is the primary force that changes fire behavior?
weather
Which weather factor has the greatest impact on fire behavior?
wind
Which is a way that fire can cross a fireline?
Burning material may roll downhill and ignite fuel below.
How does slope affect fire spread?
Slope increases the fire spread.
A fire spreading slowly downhill or against the prevailing wind is a __________ fire.
backing
Which is NOT a method of heat transfer?
solar
Which aspect usually has the lighter and flashier fuels with the lowest moisture content?
southern
Sparks or embers produced by the main fire that are carried by winds or convection columns to receptive fuel beds starting new fires is called __________.
spotting
The movement of fire is defined as __________.
spread
What is the ultimate source of all weather?
sun
Subsidence
surface high pressure areas are regions of sinking air motion from aloft
Watch Out Situation 11: Unburned fuel between __________ and fire.
you
When does wind normally flow down-slope/down-canyon?
during the night
How much oxygen is in the atmosphere?
21%
Depending on the slope, wildland fires have the potential to run up to _____ times uphill.
16
What is the reason that wind increases the spread of fire?
Causes spot fires
Some of the factors of topography that affect fire behavior include?
Elevation, configuration, aspect, and slope
What is the Beaufort Scale used for?
Estimating wind speeds
Which of the following would be a windy-dry-unstable alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?
Leading edge of cold frontal passages
Why do a very high percentage of fatal fires occur in light fuels?
Rates of spread can increase significantly with an increase in wind
Divergence
airflow away from a high
convergence
airflow into a low from all sides
Approaching thunderstorms may be noted by:
all answers
The basic elements needed for a spot weather request include:
all answers
Which of the following would be a foehn/down-slope alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior.
all answers
Which of the following would be a fuel characteristic indicator to look for during a wildfire?
all answers
Which of the following would be a hot-dry-unstable alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?
all answers
Which of the following would be a thunderstorm alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?
all answers
Which of the following would be an inversion break alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?
all answers
Wildland fire fuels can be divided into which group of three?
all answers
Watch Out Situation 8: Constructing line without safe __________.
anchor point
Which tool in the belt weather kit would you use to measure wind speeds?
anemometer
The direction a slope is facing is called __________.
aspect
A fire moving away from the head, downhill, or against the wind.
backing
Which of the following would be a topographic indicator to look for during a wildfire?
chimneys
In surface _____________________ areas, the airflow is counter-clockwise and spirals inward.
convergence
A fire burning with low flame and spreading slowly.
creeping
What are the two types of fuel moisture?
dead and live
In surface ___________________ areas, the airflow is clockwise and spirals outward.
divergence
When does wind normally flow up-slope/up-canyon?
during the day
A fire spreading rapidly with a well-defined head.
running
Increased fire activity should be anticipated due to surfaced winds channeling if fires cross __________.
saddles
What part of the ridge line provides the potential for rapid rates of fire spread?
saddles
Which is a Foehn Wind?
santa ana
Denominator: When there is an unexpected __________ in wind direction or in wind speed.
shift
Denominator: On relatively __________ fires or deceptively quiet areas of large fires.
small
A fire building without flame and barely spreading.
smoldering
___________________ is the degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale.
tempurature
