wft 101

How many common denominators of Fire Behavior on Tragedy Fires are there?

5 (with margin: 0)

Which is NOT a Foehn Wind?

??? not chinook

Which of the following would be a drought alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?

dust in the duff

Which of these is a characteristic of lighter fuels?

easier ignite

An example of a horizontally oriented wildland fuel is __________.

grass

Which is NOT an example of heavy fuels?

grass

The part of the fire that is burning the hottest is usually called the ____________.

head

Normally, relative humidity is __________ during the night.

higher

Watch Out Situation 14: Weather becoming __________ and drier.

hotter

Watch Out Situation 13: On a hillside where rolling material can _________ fuel below.

ignite

Which is NOT part of the fire triangle?

ignition

Unstable atmospheres can _________ fire behavior.

increase

Denominator: In relatively _________ fuels, such as grass, herbs, and brush.

light

Normally, relative humidity is __________ during the day.

lower

Which is NOT an indicator of unstable air?

marine layer

Which is NOT a dangerous topographic feature for fire spread?

meadows

Which is NOT part of the wildland fire environment?

prevention

Which tool in the belt weather kit would you use to measure temperature and calculate relative humidity and dew points?

psychrometer

______________________ is the ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air compared to the greatest amount possible at the same temperature.

relative humidity

Which is NOT a term used to classify fuels as to their position on the ground or in the air?

thick fuels

An example of a vertically oriented wildland fuel is __________.

timber

Which is NOT an example of light fuels?

timber

Denominator: When fire responds to __________ conditions and runs uphill.

topographic

A fire burning on the surface, but periodically igniting the crown of a single or small group of trees or shrubs before returning to the surface is __________.

torching

What is the layer of the atmosphere closest to the ground?

troposphere

Wind direction describes where the wind is coming from.

true

Watch Out Situation 4: Unfamiliar with __________ and local factors influencing fire behavior.

weather

What is the primary force that changes fire behavior?

weather

Which weather factor has the greatest impact on fire behavior?

wind

Which is a way that fire can cross a fireline?

Burning material may roll downhill and ignite fuel below.

How does slope affect fire spread?

Slope increases the fire spread.

A fire spreading slowly downhill or against the prevailing wind is a __________ fire.

backing

Which is NOT a method of heat transfer?

solar

Which aspect usually has the lighter and flashier fuels with the lowest moisture content?

southern

Sparks or embers produced by the main fire that are carried by winds or convection columns to receptive fuel beds starting new fires is called __________.

spotting

The movement of fire is defined as __________.

spread

What is the ultimate source of all weather?

sun

Subsidence

surface high pressure areas are regions of sinking air motion from aloft

Watch Out Situation 11: Unburned fuel between __________ and fire.

you

When does wind normally flow down-slope/down-canyon?

during the night

How much oxygen is in the atmosphere?

21%

Depending on the slope, wildland fires have the potential to run up to _____ times uphill.

16

What is the reason that wind increases the spread of fire?

Causes spot fires

Some of the factors of topography that affect fire behavior include?

Elevation, configuration, aspect, and slope

What is the Beaufort Scale used for?

Estimating wind speeds

Which of the following would be a windy-dry-unstable alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?

Leading edge of cold frontal passages

Why do a very high percentage of fatal fires occur in light fuels?

Rates of spread can increase significantly with an increase in wind

Divergence

airflow away from a high

convergence

airflow into a low from all sides

Approaching thunderstorms may be noted by:

all answers

The basic elements needed for a spot weather request include:

all answers

Which of the following would be a foehn/down-slope alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior.

all answers

Which of the following would be a fuel characteristic indicator to look for during a wildfire?

all answers

Which of the following would be a hot-dry-unstable alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?

all answers

Which of the following would be a thunderstorm alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?

all answers

Which of the following would be an inversion break alignment or pattern for dangerous fire behavior?

all answers

Wildland fire fuels can be divided into which group of three?

all answers

Watch Out Situation 8: Constructing line without safe __________.

anchor point

Which tool in the belt weather kit would you use to measure wind speeds?

anemometer

The direction a slope is facing is called __________.

aspect

A fire moving away from the head, downhill, or against the wind.

backing

Which of the following would be a topographic indicator to look for during a wildfire?

chimneys

In surface _____________________ areas, the airflow is counter-clockwise and spirals inward.

convergence

A fire burning with low flame and spreading slowly.

creeping

What are the two types of fuel moisture?

dead and live

In surface ___________________ areas, the airflow is clockwise and spirals outward.

divergence

When does wind normally flow up-slope/up-canyon?

during the day

A fire spreading rapidly with a well-defined head.

running

Increased fire activity should be anticipated due to surfaced winds channeling if fires cross __________.

saddles

What part of the ridge line provides the potential for rapid rates of fire spread?

saddles

Which is a Foehn Wind?

santa ana

Denominator: When there is an unexpected __________ in wind direction or in wind speed.

shift

Denominator: On relatively __________ fires or deceptively quiet areas of large fires.

small

A fire building without flame and barely spreading.

smoldering

___________________ is the degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale.

tempurature