What is AI: AIMA 1.1
What is the philosophical view on Strong AI?
-Computers are capable of true intelligence. -We will eventually be able to write programs to give computers real intelligence.
What is the philosophical view on Weak AI?
-Computers are not capable of true intelligence. -But we can make computers seem intelligent
What are the two advantages of the rational-agent approach to AI over other approaches?
1. More general, more than just correct inference 2. More amenable to scientific development
What is the Turing test?
A computer passes the test if a human interrogator, after posing some written questions, cannot tell whether the written responses come from a person or from a computer
What is Rationality?
A system is rational if it effectively achieves its goal, given its knowledge
What's AI's focus?
AI focuses on creating agents that do the right thing, defined by the provided objective.
Who was one of the first to codify "right thinking" and what did this involve?
Aristotle was one of the first to codify "right thinking", which involved creating syllogisms.
What is Modern AI about?
Building Rational Agents (performance we can measure based on its goal)
What will a robot need in order to pass the total turning test?
Computer Vision Robotics
How did AI's rational agents evolve?
Early rational agents used logic and specific goals. Later, they used probability and machine learning to make decisions under uncertainty.
What have some defined intelligence as?
Fidelity to human performance ( perform exactly like Humans)
What are three ways to learn how a human thinks?
Introspection, Psychological experiments, brain imaging
What's the standard model in AI?
It assumes a fully specified objective for the machine.
What's limited rationality in AI?
It's acting appropriately when full computations aren't feasible, but perfect rationality is still a good theoretical start.
What's the value alignment problem?
It's aligning the machine's objectives with human preferences.
What's the 'standard model' in AI?
It's the paradigm of creating agents that do the right thing based on the provided objective.
Why is learning important according to the text?
Learning is important not only for erudition, but also because it improves our ability to generate effective behavior, especially in new circumstances.
What's the new AI formulation?
Machines pursue our objectives but are uncertain about what they are.
What abilities would a computer need in order to pass the Turing test?
Natural language processing Knowledge representation Automated reasoning Machine learning
Why refine the standard AI model?
Perfect rationality, or always taking the optimal action, isn't feasible in complex environments. So, the standard model needs refinement.
Why might the standard model be inadequate?
Real-world applications make it hard to specify objectives completely and correctly.
What is the theory of probability?
The theory of probability fills this gap, allowing rigorous reasoning with uncertain information
What is needed to generate intelligent behavior?
Theory of rational action, rational thought itself is not enough
Are there ways of acting rational that do not involve inference?
There are ways of acting rational that do not involved inference but natural reflex
Why were the GPS creators not happy with their program only solving problems correctly?
They were concerned with comparing the timing and sequence of the GPS' reasoning to that of humans trying to solve the same problem
What is automated reasoning?
To answer questions and to draw new conclusions
What's the ultimate goal for AI agents?
To be provably beneficial to humans.
What is knowledge Representation?
To store what is knows or hears
What is the difference between traditional authors views on the relationship between algorithm performance and human performance?
Traditional authors argue that if an algorithm performs well on a task, it is a good model of human performance, or vice versa
What did the Alan Turning say about physical simulation of a person for the Turing Test?
Unnecessary to demonstrate
What is the difference between modern authors' views on the relationship between algorithm performance and human performance?
modern authors separate these two claims, suggesting that algorithmic performance and human performance are distinct.
What are psychological experiments?
observing a person in action;
What is brain imaging?
observing the brain in action
What is a rational agent?
one that acts so as to achieve the best outcome or, when there is uncertainty, the best expected outcome
What are Syllogisms?
patterns for argument structures that always yield correct conclusions when given correct premises.
What is the total Turing Test?
requires interaction with objects and people in the real world
What does logic require?
requires knowledge of the world that is certain— a condition that, in reality, is seldom achieved
What is an Agent?
something that acts (agent comes from the Latin agere, to do)
What is Machine Learning?
to adapt to new circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns.
What is introspection?
trying to catch our own thoughts as they go by;
What do some consider intelligence to be a property of?
internal thought processes and reasoning, while others focus on intelligent behavior, an external characterization
What is rationality loosely speaking?
loosely speaking, doing the "right thing
What are computer agents expected to do?
computer agents are expected to do more: operate autonomously, perceive their environment, persist over a prolonged time period, adapt to change, and create and pursue goals
What does the field of cognitive science bring together?
computer models from AI and experimental Cognitive science techniques from psychology to construct precise and testable theories of the human mind
What DOESNT the theory of probability do?
generate intelligent behavior.
