WHI SOL 5: Greece, SOL WHI.5- Ancient Greece, SOL WHI.5 Ancient Greece, Ancient Greece SOL Review, VA SOL WHI.5 Ancient Greece

Sparta

- Ruled by Oligarchy (small group of warriors) - Had a Rigid Social Structure - Military most important -Women were treated as equals in this Greek City-state

Plato

427-347 BC; Socrates' most famous student; described the ideal form of government in his famous book, The Republic

Mountains

75% of Greece's land was covered by this

Cause of the Peloponnesian War

A rivalry between Sparta and Athens for dominance over Greece.

Greek Drama

Aeschylus and Sophocles are assoicated with this due to them writing "Agamemnon" and "Oedipus Rex."

Hellenistic Age

Age when Alexander the Great spread Greek culture to Asia Minor, Egypt, Persia, and India

Phillip II

Alexander the Great's father; conquered Greece after they were weakened by Peloponnesian War

Delian League

Alliances of city-states led by Athens during Peloponnesian Wars

Peloponnesian League

Alliances of city-states led by Sparta during Peloponnesian Wars

Asia Minor

Also called Anatolila or Turkey. A region on the east coast of the Aegean Sea and southern coast of the Black Sea.

Greek Science

Archimedes and Hippocrates are associated with this field.

Balkan Peninsula

Area of land on which Greece is located. Surrounded on 3 sides by water.

Peloponnesian War

Athens and Sparta fight against each other for power in Greece

A result of the Persian War

Athens becomes the most powerful City-state in Greece and controlled the Aegean Sea

Peloponnesian War

Athens fought Sparta for power; weakened Greece significantly

Battle of Marathon

Battle in 490 BCE where the Athenians defeated the Persians and a messenger ran 26 miles from the battlefield back to Athens.

Troy

City in Asia Minor and sight of the Trojan War

Sparta

City-state in Greece which was very militaristic and won the Peloponnesian War

Athens

City-state on the east coast of Greece on the Balkan Peninsula

Sparta

City-state on the southern point of Greece on the Peloponnesus Peninsula

Athens

City-state that developed the world's first democracy

Doric

Column with flat, plain top

Ionic

Column with two swirls on top

Sea Trade

Early Greek culture was spread from Greece to Asia Minor as a result of ___________________.

Greek Mathematics

Euclid and Pythagoras are associated with this field based on their work on Geometry.

Corinthian

Fancy top column with leaves

citizens

Free adult males who had political rights & responsibility of civic participation in gov't

Artemis

God of hunting, archery, and wilderness

Poseidon

God of the sea

Oligarchy

Government of Sparta

Athenian Democracy

Government where every male citizen can vote.

Phidias

Greece's greatest sculptor who created statues of Zeus and Athena.

Results of the Peloponnesian War

Greek advancements slow down and Greece becomes weak

Aeschylus

Greek dramatist known as the father of tragedy; author of The Oresteia

Sophocles

Greek dramatist who wrote Oedipus the king

Thucydides

Greek historian who wrote The Peloponnesian Wars

Euclid, Pythagorus

Greek mathematicians (Father of Geometry; Founder of Pythagorean Theorem)

Archimedes

Greek scientist who developed the lever and pulley

Polis

Greek word for city-states

two sides against the Persian Wars.

Greeks: Athens and Sparta vs Persian Empire

Trade

Hellenic Culture spread throughout parts of Asia and Africa because of this...

Marathon & Salamis

Important battles of the Persian War

Zeus

King of the Gods, god of weather and the sky

Arable

Land that is good for farming

Pericles

Leader in Athens after the Persian War, Father of Democracy

Military

Most important part of Spartan Society

Mountainous

Most of Greece's land is ________, which naturally separated the city-states

Citizen

Must be a free, adult, Greek male

Battle of Marathon & Salamis

Occurred during Persian Wars; Greek victories allowed Greece to control Aegean Sea; Athens went into Golden Age

Direct Democracy

Ordinary citizens being able to vote on all laws and other major decisions and their votes counted directly.

The reasons the Greeks made colonies

Overpopulation, limited flat land, limited farmable land.

Foreigners

People born outside of Greece

Socrates

Philosopher who questioned the leadership; put to death for corrupting the youth

Homer

Poet who wrote Illiad and Odyssey; epics that inspired Greek heroic culture

Solon & Draco

Reformed Athens to make society more fair

Peloponnesus Peninsula

Region in the south of Greece on which Sparta is located.

Battle of Salamis

Sea battle between the Athenians and Persians that ended the Persian Wars.

Militaristic

Society that is aggressive and focuses on the army, like Sparta

Persian War

Sparta & Athens worked together to fight against the Persians

Result of the Peloponnesian War

Sparta becomes the only strong power in Greece

Dardanelles

Strait which links the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea

Parthenon

Temple to the goddess Athena and had Doric columns

Polytheistic

The Greeks had a _________________________ religion.

Golden Age of Pericles

The best time for Athens-with new inventions and democracy

Aegean Sea Basin

The sea that surrounded Ancient Greece

Large rugged Mountains that limited travel

These limited communication in Greece and led to them developing their own culture and governments.

Sparta

This city-state of Greece had an oligarchy government, and was very militarisitic

Greece

This civilization is a group of islands and a peninsula in the Aegean and Mediterranean

Mediterranean Sea

This sea allowed trade and contact with Egypt and Italy.

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Three most influential Greek Philosophers

Aschylus & Sophocles

Two Greek writers of tragedies

Herodotus and Thucydides

Two historians who wrote about the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars.

Draco

Tyrant who was disliked by the people for passing a debt-slavery law

Solon

Tyrant who was liked by the people and encouraged democracy in Greece

Responsibility of Citizens in Athens

Vote, debate laws, and and become skilled public speakers.

Peloponnesian War

War which saw Athens and Sparta fighting one another for control of trade in the Med. Sea

Aegean Sea

body of water in between Greece and Asia Minor

Black Sea

body of water to the north of Asia Minor

Athens

city-state that emphasizes innovation, discussion, and new ideas

Sparta

city-state that has the strongest, well-trained army

Sparta

city-state that wins the Peloponnesian War

Hellenistic

commerce and conquest helped to spread this (values, language, customs, etc. of Greece)

Euclid

father of Geometry- his book Elements is the standard text for geometry

slaves

foreigners, women, and this group has no political rights

oligarchy

gov't ruled by small group of people, usually elites

monarchy

gov't with rule by king

aristocracy

gov't with rule by nobles

tyranny

gov't with rule by one strong leader

democracy

gov't with rule by the people

Democracy

government where citizens participate and vote (started in Athens)

Monarchy

government with a king or queen

Tyranny

government with one dominant ruler from the lower classes

Aristocracy

government with wealthy people in power

Mediterranean Sea

large body of water to the south of Greece

Athens

major city-state in Greece where democracy first developed

Macedonia

region to the north of Greece. Eventually invaded and overtook Greek armies.

Dardanelles Strait

skinny body of water connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara and Black Sea

Aristotle

student of Plato who helped to devise a scientific method, taught Alexander the Great

Colonization

this happened as a result of Greece's need to find arable land and put the people in their overcrowded city-states

Golden Age

time of Athenian advancement when democracy was extended and the city was rebuilt