With reference to relevant research studies, to what extent is one cognitive process reliable (for example, reconstructive memory, perception/visual illusion, decision-making/heuristics)?

What is the theory of reconstructive memory

Humans are active information processors who construct memories as they try to make sense of what happened based on what they already know (schemas). (Bartlett 1932)

What is the aim of Loftus and Palmer's 1974 study?

To investiate whether the use of leading questions would affect recall in a situation where participants were asked to estimate speed of car.

Strengths of reconstructive memory

the model can explain memory distortions well. It is supported by many empirical studies and laboratory experiments (e.g Loftus and Palmer 1974)

Why is memory not like a tape recorder?

Because memories is distorted for personal reasons for example to enhance our own importance (self-serving bias). Memory is also reconstructive.

Limitations of reconstructive memory

The model may focus too much on the inaccuracy of memory. Schema processing is not full understood.