WOH Multiple Choice Questions

The "Three Excellences" were: Poetry, painting, and calligraphy. Confucian essays, painting, and calligraphy. Garden landscaping, calligraphy, and poetry. Classical Chinese opera, classical dance, and poetry.

A. Poetry, painting, and calligraphy.

The first slaves sold in the English colonies of North America were: Captured as a part of the cargo of a Portuguese ship en route to Vera Cruz, Mexico. Brought to New York as tobacco plantation workers. Sold with the justification that their souls would be saved after their owners led them to Christianity. Sold by a Spanish privateer as the spoils of war with the French.

A. Captured as a part of the cargo of a Portuguese ship en route to Vera Cruz, Mexico.

The Mughals gave India one of its most prolific eras in terms of profusion and synthesis of literary genres, with _________remaining the chief languages of literature. Hindi and Persian Arabic and Persian Oriya and Maithili Kashmiri and Arabic

B. Arabic and Persian

The United States Supreme Court "Dred Scott Decision" ruled: That African slaves had human rights that must be respected, such as the right to adequate nutrition and a safe place to sleep. That black African slaves "had no rights which a white man was bound to respect". That children born to a slave and a free person took the same status as the higher status parent. That enslavement could last only a maximum of three generations.

B. That black African slaves "had no rights which a white man was bound to respect".

Because of the difficulties involved in Humayun's own succession to the throne, his death was kept a secret for several weeks, while the court worked out plans for a _________ __, or the setting up of a guardian for an underage or incapacitated monarch to rule in his or her stead, for the emperor's son, fourteen-year-old Jalal ud-Din Akbar. Lord Protector Regency Steward Proxy

B. Regency

One of the ports that benefited most from the slave trade was: Barbados, where slaves were exchanged for molasses Williamsburg, where molasses was processed into rum. Liverpool, where manufactured goods, such as guns, knives, textiles, and other wares would sail to Africa where the goods would be exchanged for slaves. Capetown, from whence most slaves were exported.

C. Liverpool, where manufactured goods, such as guns, knives, textiles, and other wares would sail to Africa where the goods would be exchanged for slaves.

Under Aurangzeb, there were two major watershed trends: the start of an ongoing decades-long war with the Marathas, a federation of fiercely independent Central Indian clans; and his controversial bid for a more robust and legalistically effective _________of Mughal India. "unification" "reconstruction" "Islamification" "transformation"

C. "Islamification"

Building on the philosophical assumption of the material state of nature, the so-called physiocrats argued that freedom and equality should be the standard economic principles and that the state should adopt a _________, or "hands-off", policy in that regard. "leger-de-main" "laissez-vite" "laissez-faire" "laissez-économiques"

C. "laissez-faire"

The French section of Hispaniola produced nearly_________ the world's coffee and sugar at the time of the French Revolution. 1/4 1/3 1/2 3/4

C. 1/2

Although affirming the concept that the equality of all "men" was "self-evident," the Declaration of Independence tacitly excluded the _________of all Americans who were Black slaves and the roughly half who were women, as well as Native Americans. two-thirds one-fourth one-fifth one-third

C. 1/5th

"Presentism" is The belief that we can judge the past through an analysis of the long-term impact of the decisions and actions of past societies. A belief that modern humans can only learn from the past by looking at it through the lens of modern knowledge. A bias toward present-day attitudes as we interpret history. The belief that the events of the past inevitably led to today's reality.

C. A bias toward present-day attitudes as we interpret history.

The Mughals' primary challenge for control over Hindustan and the crucial Silk Road trade came from the _________ princes and their Persian allies. Iranian Uzbek Afghan Tajik

C. Afghan

A century before Akbar, Indian mathematicians had pushed their calculations of the value of pi to within nine decimal places, and expanded their facility with trigonometry to the point that some of the fundamental concepts of infinite series and _________had been worked out. algebra geometry calculus scientific notation

C. Calculus

After growing disillusioned with Marxism, Italy's Benito Mussolini founded the "Italian Combat Squads," also known as the "Blackshirts," thus giving rise to the ideology of _________. Surrealism Fascism Communism Socialism

C. Communism

_____________ invented a machine which could behead a victim "painlessly", and he later changed his own name to elude association with its use. Dr. Marcel Ignace Guillotine Dr. Xavier Ignace Guillot Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin The Duc des Guillotines

C. Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin

The Louisiana Purchase took place ___________ the Haitian Revolution. before after during in spite of

C. During

The Persian tradition of miniature painting flourished in Mughal India, as did larger works on a variety of surfaces, while charcoal sketches and the _________painting technique were the artistic media of choice. ragmalas padma gouache ragas

C. Gouache

The education of elite women⊠Focused on cooking, cleaning, and rearing children. Focused on training in sexual protocol. Included training in Confucian decorum, writing essays, and reciting poetry. Was intended to prepare them to assist their mothers-in-law in managing a household.

C. Included training in Confucian decorum, writing essays, and reciting poetry.

During the seventeenth century, all but one of the following European nations largely supplanted Iberian influence in the region: France Britain Italy The Netherlands

C. Italy

The identity of the French nation, as it developed out of the French Revolution, is based in: ethnic pluralism shared constitutionalism Parisian Frenchness globalism

C. Parisian Frenchness

The Japanese daimyo were: A class of high-level bureaucrats. Another term for the samurai. Regional warlords. The codes of honor that governed the behavior of samurai.

C. Regional Warlords

Akbar ordered the building of the city of Fatehpur Sikri to give thanks to and honor the memory of _________, a Sufi holy man who had predicted the birth of a male son to Akbar, on the site of the holy man's camp in the village Sikri. Zainuddin Shirazi Zar Baksh Salim Chisti Bulleh Shah

C. Salim Chisti

Chapter 22 self assesment Both the American and French Revolutions were outgrowths of the _________and the later Enlightenment. Thirty Years' War Napoleonic Wars Seven Years' War Crimean War

C. Seven Years' war

After supplying the American colonists with money, arms, and officers, in 1778-1779, in alliance with _________, France declared war on Great Britain. Portugal Germany Spain Italy

C. Spain

After Jahangir's death in 1627, his son Khurram inherited the throne and reigned as Shah Jahan. His rule coincided with perhaps the high point of Mughal cultural power and prestige, as reflected in its iconic monument, the _________. The Tomb of Itmad-Ud-Daula Salim Chisti Taj Mahal Bulleh Shah

C. Taj Mahal

The earliest Christian missionaries encountered by the Ming dynasty were: The Jesuits and the Franciscans The Jesuits and the Dominicans The Franciscans and Dominicans The Cistercians and the Franciscans

C. The Franciscans and Dominicans

In the context of European trade with Asia, a "factory" is: The place where Asian goods are manufactured for the European markets. The diplomatic quarters in Beijing, called "factory" because they were headed up by a "factor." The place where merchants, local agents, and other interested parties gathered to conduct business. The place European merchants brought their wives and other family members to stay during the trading seasons.

C. The place where merchants, local agents, and other interested parties gathered to conduct business.

Which of the following is the proper chronological order? Zheng He's nautical exploration, reign of the Kangxi emperor; Matteo Ricci reaches China; reign of the Qianlong emperor. Reign of the Kangxi emperor; Zheng He's nautical explorations; reign of the Qianlong emperor; Matteo Ricci reaches China. Zheng He's nautical explorations, Matteo Ricci reaches China, reign of the Kangxi Emperor; reign of the Qianlong emperor. Matteo Ricci reaches China; rein of the Kangxi Emperor; Zheng He's nautical explorations, reign of the Qianlong emperor.

C. Zheng He's nautical explorations, Matteo Ricci reaches China, reign of the Kangxi Emperor; reign of the Qianlong emperor.

Chapter 21 Which of the following is the correct chronological order? Founding of the Ming Dynasty; founding of the Qing Dynasty; establishment of Tokugawa Shogunate; Shimabara Rebellion. Founding of the Qing Dynasty; establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate; founding of the Ming Dynasty; the Shimabara Rebellion. The Shimabara Rebellion, the founding of the Tokugawa Shogunate; the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the founding of the Qing Dynasty. Founding of the Ming Dynasty; founding the Tokugawa Shogunate; Shimabara Rebellion; founding of the Qing Dynasty.

D. Founding of the Ming Dynasty; founding the Tokugawa Shogunate; Shimabara Rebellion; founding of the Qing Dynasty.

All of the following is true of indentured laborers EXCEPT: English planters in Barbados imported English and Irish indentured laborers for tobacco, cotton, indigo, and ginger production. After English and Irish workers became unwilling to migrate as indentured laborers, law courts sentenced those accused of crimes to "transportation" to serve as indentured labor. Many poor English and Irish people were tricked or kidnapped into being "transported" for that purpose. Indenture was abandoned because African slaves quickly proved a better source of labor.

D. Indenture was abandoned because African slaves quickly proved a better source of labor.

All of the following were important economically in the Carolinas EXCEPT: Sugar cane and molasses Rice Indigo Woven cotton cloth.

D. Woven cotton cloth.

There were ___ banner organizations: 5 10 37 8

D. 8

The "queue edict" mandated that: Manchu females were forbidden to bind their feet. Chinese men could continue wearing their hair in traditional styles, but could not be a part of the military banners if they did. Chinese men had to adopt the Manchu style of shaving their entire heads. Chinese men had to adopt the Manchu style of a shaved forehead with a long braid in back.

D. Chinese men had to adopt the Manchu style of a shaved forehead with a long braid in back

In retaliation for the defiant actions in Boston Harbor, Britain imposed the so-called _________, also known as the "Intolerable Acts" in colonial North America, which put Massachusetts into effective bankruptcy. Sedition Acts Declaratory Acts Stamp Acts Coercive Acts

D. Coercive Acts

In 1924, "Il Duce," as Mussolini styled himself, began implementing his idea of a _________, in which all sectors of society contribute in a systematic, orderly and hierarchical fashion to the health of the state. communist state police state client state corporate state

D. Corporate State

All of the following are true about the "Rites Controversy" EXCEPT: High officials in the Church considered the Jesuit liturgical and doctrinal adaptations to be a problem. High officials in the Church disapproved of the Jesuits' use of tea and rice instead of wine and bread in the Chinese Christian Eucharist. High officials in the Church disapproved of the Jesuits allowing Chinese Christians to continue their veneration of Confucius and maintenance of ancestral shrines. High officials in the Church disapproved of the decrees of Kangxi and his successor Yongzheng that Chinese Christians must follow the Jesuit orthodoxy.

D. High officials in the Church disapproved of the decrees of Kangxi and his successor Yongzheng that Chinese Christians must follow the Jesuit orthodoxy.

In order to defend Hindustan, the Mughals built a series of fortresses throughout their inner domains and along the frontier. Which of the following is not the site of one such fortress? Allahabad Lahore Red Fort in Delhi Hyderabad

D. Hyderabad

After 1600, Akbar was faced with a domestic insurrection led by his own son Salim which nearly brought an untimely end to the latter's claims as heir apparent. In the end, however, Salim was able to prevail and ascended the throne as _________. Khusrau Salim Aurangzeb Jahangir

D. Jahangir

By borrowing heavily from Sufi mysticism, Persian court protocols, Zoroastrian sun and fire veneration, and even Muslim and Christian Neo-platonic spiritualism, Akbar's divine faith sought to: Increase the power of the Sunni Islamic clerics and draw followers from other religions Create a new religious sect that would draw followers from other religions Make him the Supreme Being of the Empire Limit the power of Sunni Islamic clerics and draw followers from other religions

D. Limit the power of Sunni Islamic clerics and draw followers from other religions

These discriminatory religious policies also created great distrust and many difficulties in dealing with self-governing, non-Muslim groups within the empire, most notably among the _________, who blended Hindu and Muslim traditions. Ahoms Sheikh Hsenwi Sikhs

D. Sikhs

"Mercantilism" is a political/economic theory that holds that: Merchants enrich their society, and should therefore occupy political leadership positions. A thriving import business is vital to national interests. Nations are weakened by excessive export. The security of a nation depends on the supply of precious metals it controls.

D> The security of a nation depends on the supply of precious metals it controls.

chapter 18 1.The Spaniards' primary justification for their conquest of the New World was: Christ's command to covert the heathen populations in the newly discovered lands the search for mineral wealth territorial expansion scientific exploration

a)Christ's command to covert the heathen populations in the newly discovered lands

The sale of these colonial offices ultimately led to all but one of the following: a reduction in the military cost of protecting Spain's New World possessions a decline in the competence level of office holders the emergence of a Creole elite able to bend the Spanish administration increasingly to its will the decentralization of the decision-making processes

a. a reduction in the military cost of protecting Spain's New World possessions

The Spaniards would not take full control of the Inca Empire until________. 1572 1535 1600 1550

a. 1572

The average life span of a sugar plantation slave is estimated to have been: Five or six years. Until age 50 for males; slightly longer for females. Until age 27 or so. Twelve to fifteen years.

a. Five or six years.

The English and French colonies of North America, lacking a sustainable native industry at first, moved further south in order to develop an agricultural base following the plantation system for growing _________, thus joining the Spanish and Portuguese exploitation of America's sub-tropical agricultural resources. indigo and rice potatoes oranges wheat

a. Indigo and rice

Aided by the ease of travel within the Mongol Empire, _________had, by the fourteenth century, become the dominant religion among the Central Asian Turkic peoples. Islam Hinduism Buddhism Sikhism

a. Islam

From Quebec, the French embarked on an exploratory and fur-trading mission south into the Great Lakes region, the Mississippi valley and the Mississippi delta, claiming these lands as part of their Canada-Mississippi- _________ territory. Louisiana Georgia Carolina Alabama

a. Louisiana

Beginning in the mid-sixteenth century, easy looting for gold and silver was replaced by a search for the mines from where these precious metals came, including all but one of the following regions: Paraguay Mexico Chile Bolivia

a. Paraguay

The House of Timur's new rulers, especially his son Humayun, were now faced with the problem of consolidating, organizing, and administering Babur's vast domain. Unfortunately, Humayun's interests were geared more toward _________mysticism, poetry, astrology, and, at times, wine and opium than they were toward responsible leadership. Sufi Muraqaba Dhikr Dualistic

a. Sufi

For much of the 17th century ________ remained the primary task of the Manchu rulers. pacification of the empire conquest of the empire conquest of Japan creating a new, religious order

a. pacification of the empire

All of the problems below began disturbing Roman Catholic laypeople and some clergy from the later 15th century onward, EXCEPT: The Church's high taxation of peasants. The entanglement of upper clergy and the papacy with the centralizing rulers. The ambitious and opulent artistic programs undertaken by popes and cardinals. The use of the sale of indulgences to raise money.

a.The Church's high taxation of peasants.

All of the following were the result of the Peace of Westphalia EXCEPT: The Protestants gained considerable territory in northern Germany. The southern side of the Baltic Sea was ceded to Sweden. Territory in Alsace was ceded to France. It failed to end the war between France and Spain.

a.The Protestants gained considerable territory in northern Germany.

Among the many Native American allies who aided Cortés in the conquest of the Aztec Empire were the _________, sworn enemies of the Aztecs. Tlaxcalans Toltecs Tarascans Yucatecs

a.Tlaxcalans

Colonial cities and Jesuits in Portuguese Brazil repeatedly clashed over the slave raids of the _________, or "pioneers/slave traders," in village territories. bandeirantes entradas mocambos quilombos

a.bandeirantes

The Manchu conceived of their state as the embodiment of : all the peoples within it Han Chinese dominance Manchu dominance a return to Mongol-style conquest

all the peoples within it

In the opening vignette of the chapter, Dona Beatriz is portrayed as all of the following EXCEPT: A deeply religious woman who believed that she was the reincarnation of St. Anthony of Padua. A committed pacifist, determined to prevent violence at any cost. God's providential agent sent to restore the Catholic faith. A critic of the Catholic faith in the efficacy of the sacraments.

b. A committed pacifist, determined to prevent violence at any cost.

All of the following are true of the Americas soon after the Spanish arrived EXCEPT: The population of Tainos and Caribs all but disappeared. As many Europeans died from American diseases as Americans from European diseases. Smallpox epidemics ravaged the Native peoples. African slaves were imported to supplement the labor force.

b. As many Europeans died from American diseases as Americans from European diseases.

As colonial Brazil grew, the Portuguese created a council in Lisbon to deal with all New World appointments and established a high court for all judicial affairs in the city of _________ in northern Brazil. Rio Bahia Ouro Preto Olinda

b. Bahia

the long-range impact of a Muslim invasion of northern Sub-Saharan Africa in the sixteenth century: Strengthened the drive toward centralization in the area as societies organized for war. Brought empire-building in the northern Sub-Saharan African societies to a halt. Caused the societies in the savanna region of Central Africa to scatter and decentralize. Put most of Africa under Sharia law.

b. Brought empire-building in the northern Sub-Saharan African societies to a halt.

As part of the complex hierarchical administrative system established by the Spaniards in the New World, the municipal councils, or _________, were set up in towns and cities to serve as elective bodies under the supervision of appointed inspectors. aduanas cabildos repartimientos audiencias

b. Cabildos

All of the following is true of the technology used in developing scientific instruments EXCEPT: It produced improvements in such instruments as telescopes, microscopes, thermometers and barometers, all of which had practical applications. It established a hierarchy of production, with engineers at the top and theoretical scientists a bit below. It inspired an exchange of knowledge between engineers and scientists. It inspired craftsmanship and experimentation that ultimately led to such innovations as the steam engine.

b. It established a hierarchy of production, with engineers at the top and theoretical scientists a bit below.

The earliest settlement in the northeastern coast of North America was: Quebec Jamestown Plymouth Boston

b. Jamestown

Colonial Brazil did not offer higher education prior to 1800, which is why the earliest universities in colonial Latin America were all in Spanish America. Among these, the oldest were those of Santo Domingo, Mexico City and _________. Córdoba, Argentina Lima Bogotá Quito

b. Lima

In South Central Africa (on the southern side of the rainforest, the eastern part of the southern savanna, and the Great Lakes area of Central Africa): Muslim influence arrived early in the fifth century. Protected by their remote location, societies tended to grow in population. Increases in population led them to participate in the European slave trade by the sixteenth century. Because of their remote location, there was never a need to develop political organization, such as chiefdoms.

b. Protected by their remote location, societies tended to grow in population.

All of the following persons and/or institutions determinedly worked to popularize science EXCEPT: The Royal Society of London and the Paris Academy of Sciences. Protestant churches and Sunday schools. Textbook authors and itinerant lecturers. Coffeehouses and salons.

b. Protestant churches and Sunday schools

"Intendants" were: Judges sent by the French crown to assure that provincial courts were operating in the best interest of the peasants. Representatives of the French crown who kept an eye on provincial office holders. Members of the French nobility who attended the King and his Queen at Court. Judiciary members who served as provincial judges.

b. Representatives of the French crown who kept an eye on provincial office holders.

chapter 20 While relations between Muslims and India's other religions were syncretic, in that they co-existed but remained largely separate, the political and social systems created by the Mughals were in many respects a successful example of the _________of an "extraction state" and several centuries of ruling more settled areas. caste system synthesis oligarchy monarchy

b. Synthesis

The English Civil War (1642-1651) resulted in: The separation of church and state in England. A short-lived theocracy. The restoration of the Plantagenet dynasty. Permanent fiscal power vested in Parliament.

b. a short-lived theocracy

The Spaniards established land-labor grants or _________entitling the land grantee the use of forced indigenous or imported slave labor on this land for the purpose of exploiting its agricultural and mineral resources. aduanas encomiendas cabildos audiencias

b. encomiendas

The following sequence of events is correct: 1) Thirty Years' War; 2) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 3) "Glorious Revolution" in England; 4) French War of Religion. 1) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 2) French War of Religion; 3) Thirty Years' War; 4) "Glorious Revolution" in England. 1) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 2) Thirty Years' War; 3) French War of Religion; 4) "Glorious Revolution" in England. 1) "Glorious Revolution" in England; 2) French War of Religion; 3) Thirty Years' War; 4) Beginning of Luther's Reformation.

b.1) Beginning of Luther's Reformation; 2) French War of Religion; 3) Thirty Years' War; 4) "Glorious Revolution" in England.

At about the same time, _________, a relative of Cortés, conceived of a plan to conquer the Andean empire of the Incas after hearing rumors about an empire of gold and silver to the south. Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca Francisco Pizarro Pedro de Valdivia Juan Ponce de León

b.Francisco Pizarro

The following statement is true of John Calvin: He believed that all money lending should be banned, as it was contrary to the Bible. He believed that all humans were predestined for heaven or hell before their birth. He believed that a person's behavior was between himself and God alone, and that civic authorities should not intervene unless other people were being harmed or led into sin. Although he was Swiss by birth, his primary goal was to proselytize in France and Germany.

b.He believed that all humans were predestined for heaven or hell before their birth.

All of the following are true of Galileo Galilei, EXCEPT: He was able to bring geometry, algebra, and Archimedean physics together. Using mathematics, he was able to prove that Archimedes was wrong in his theory of falling bodies. A first-rate astronomer, he was one of the first to use a telescope. He was condemned to house arrest and (at least publicly) repudiated heliocentrism.

b.Using mathematics, he was able to prove that Archimedes was wrong in his theory of falling bodies.

_________was the best-known advocate against the cruelty of the land-labor grant system. Hernán Cortés Christopher Columbus Bartolomé de las Casas Alonso Ortíz

c. Bartolomé de las Casas

The mythical and elusive kingdom of _________, or 'golden city,' became the stuff of legend which would fuel the quest for material riches in the New World in the minds of many a conquistador, though it was never found. Saguenay Paititi El Dorado Norumbega

c. El Dorado

The original English colonies in North America went from being merely English to being part of a "British" empire after the _________. War of the Spanish Succession English Civil War English-Scottish union of 1707 Seven Years' War

c. English-Scottish union of 1707

The following order is correct: Proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; first African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil. First African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil. First African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina. First African slaves land in Brazil; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina; first African slaves land in Hispaniola.

c. First African slaves land in Hispaniola; first African slaves land in Brazil; first African slaves in England's North American colonies; proprietors of Barbados establish Colony of Carolina.

The Hausa kingdoms: Were located in the far south, near the Horn of Africa. "Hausa" were named for the three kingdoms that formed around 1500. Formed at the height of the Mali-dominated trans-Saharan trade. Successfully prevented the spread of Islamic religious beliefs into their territories.

c. Formed at the height of the Mali-dominated trans-Saharan trade.

The revivalist _________of the 1730s and 1740s used a literal understanding of Protestantism as one of its main foundations and received its main impulse from the work of the brothers John and Charles Wesley, English Methodist preachers who made quite an impact during their tour of Georgia in 1735. "Great Faith" "Great Awareness" "Great Awakening" "Great Order"

c. Great Awakening

The ruler with the longest reign in France was: Henry IV. Louis XIII. Louis XIV. Charles IX.

c. Louis XIV (14th)

Ethnic combinations of Europeans and Native Americans and Europeans and Africans were collectively called castas, or "castes," a term originating out of a desire on the part of Iberian and Creole settlers to draw distinctions among degrees of racial mixture in hopes of counterbalancing the vast masses of Native Americans and Africans. The two most important castes were mestizos (Spanish)/mestiços (Portuguese), born of Iberian fathers and Native American mothers, and _________, born of Iberian fathers and Black mothers. moriscos sambos mulatos castizos

c. Mulatos

The Spaniards pioneered silver mining innovations, such as the _________method, which facilitated extraction through the use of mercury. a)"arrastras" "magistral" "patio" "mita"

c. Patio

In the 1540s, in an effort to transition away from the encomienda system, Spain introduced rotating assignments, or _________, which established an obligation by villagers to send stipulated numbers of people as laborers to a contractor. alcabalas audiencias repartimientos aduanas

c. Repartimientos

The desire for a new Mongol empire, now allied with Islam, created opportunities for military action to unite and settle the nomadic tribes of Chaghatay, leading to the rise in the fourteenth century of _________, or Tamerlane. Genghis Khan Bayazid Temur Gurgan Miran Shah

c. Temur Gurgan

Upon Cortés' arrival at the city of _________, on November 2, 1519, Emperor Moctezuma II was in a quandary over how to deal with these invaders whose depredations neither his tributaries nor his enemies had been able to stop. Chalco Xochimilco Tenochtitlán Teotihuacán

c. Tenochtitlán

By 1750, the armies in larger European countries were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: They had begun wearing uniforms. Most forward troops were equipped with bayonet-equipped flintlock muskets. The pikemen were still the most effective protection for musketeers. The size of the armies was growing rapidly in states where they could be supported.

c. The pikemen were still the most effective protection for musketeers.

All of the following are true of Songhay EXCEPT: It was initially a tributary state of Mali. It was centered on the city of Gao, on the Niger River. They amassed the wealth to embark on a drive of military conquest by raiding caravans and other trade missions. in the time of Mali's greatest power, the Songhay were an ethnic group of herders, villagers, and fishermen.

c. They amassed the wealth to embark on a drive of military conquest by raiding caravans and other trade missions.

Some Catholic monks in the kingdom of Kongo denounced ngangas as: Immoral women such as prostitutes. Wives who refused to take care of their children. Witches. Men who left their families in order to seek their fortunes elsewhere.

c. Witches

The great majority of the indigenous of population of Brazil lived in tribally organized temporary or permanent villages based primarily on all but one of the following: agriculture hunting foraging fishing

c. foraging

The _________, a primary target of English privateers, carried silver from Mexico to China annually and returned laden with Chinese silks, porcelain and lacquerware. Santa Fe Trail Old Spanish Trail Acapulco-Manila treasure fleet Spanish Main

c.Acapulco-Manila treasure fleet

All of the following are true of Calvinism in France EXCEPT: There were about 1200 congregations by the mid sixteenth century. Most Calvinist congregations were located in the western French cities. Peasants, overtaxed and oppressed, made up the largest segment of French Protestants. Calvinism was particularly attractive to literate merchants and craftsmen.

c.Peasants, overtaxed and oppressed, made up the largest segment of French Protestants.

All of the following are true of Maria Cunitz, one of the most remarkable scientific thinkers of the seventeenth century, EXCEPT: She spoke six languages. She was a Protestant whose family was given refuge in a Catholic monastery. She was a nun who lived and studied among the Cistercian monks. Two of her major influences were her father, a physician, and Johannes Kepler.

c.She was a nun who lived and studied among the Cistercian monks.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Spanish conquest and colonization of the Americas? The European disease of smallpox ravaged the native population, vastly reducing the native labor force. The Spaniards succeeded in exploiting internal weaknesses in the natives' power structure. The Spaniards significantly outnumbered the native population. A three-tiered society developed made up of European immigrants, Native Americans and Black slaves imported from Africa.

c.The Spaniards significantly outnumbered the native population.

_________were American-born descendants of European settlers, primarily of Iberian ancestry. Castizos Sambos Mestizos Creoles

d. Creoles

All of the following are true of the development of "New Science" and the Enlightenment EXCEPT: They involved England, France, the Netherlands, and parts of Germany. During the period 1500-1750, the impact was limited to a small percentage of the population of each involved society. The acceptance of the ideas was complicated by the impact of the religious Reformation. From 1450 until after 1750, the ideas of the Enlightenment and New Science were the major force shaping policies of the rulers of Western Europe.

d. From 1450 until after 1750, the ideas of the Enlightenment and New Science were the major force shaping policies of the rulers of Western Europe.

England differed from other states of Europe (such as Prussia, France, Spain, and Austria, for instance) in all of the following EXCEPT: After 1688, the English Parliament controlled state finances. The interests of the nobility and the urban merchants converged. The ruling classes of the cities and the landed aristocracy were not generally perceived as being in conflict. Parliament had no interest in creating or maintaining a centralized bank, believing that it would exert too powerful an influence on laissez faire economics.

d. Parliament had no interest in creating or maintaining a centralized bank, believing that it would exert too powerful an influence on laissez faire economics.

The largest of the Atlantic port cities in the British colonies of North America was _________, followed closely by New York. Boston Savannah Newport, Rhode Island Philadelphia

d. Philadelphia

The primary mining centers in colonial Spanish America were _______in southeastern Peru (today's Bolivia) and Zacatecas and Guanajuato in northern Mexico. Santa Cruz Sucre Oruro Potosí

d. Potosi

Shah Jahan did away with the _________of former Mughal rulers and established a more legalistic and exclusively pro-Muslim environment more aligned with Sunni theology, a trend which would reach its pinnacle of power under the reign of Shah Jahan's own son, Aurangzeb. polytheistic views monotheistic views dualism views religious pluralism

d. Religious Pluralism

chapter 19 ___________ was an African empire during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries:

d. Songhay

The Habsburg Wars placed a tremendous strain on Spain's revenue base forcing the Crown into repeated bankruptcy and ultimately leading to the sale of _________in the New World to the highest bidder. academic offices ecclesiastical offices military offices administrative offices

d. administrative offices

In order to support the mining centers and administrative cities, the Spanish colonial government encouraged the development of agricultural estates or _________. reducciones paradores estancias haciendas

d. haciendas

After the demise of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, and in an effort to regain control over Spain's American possessions, the new French-descended Bourbons put into practice a series of reforms aimed at _________. diversifying the economic base of its New World possessions to other European markets seeking new sources of mineral wealth extending the power of Spanish Church officials in the New World improving Spain's naval connections and administrative control in the New World

d. improving Spain's naval connections and administrative control in the New World

The pattern of settlement in North America in the seventeenth century followed the trail of French, English and Dutch _________who grew their own food and traded with the local natives for furs. Catholic missionaries bounty hunters Protestant missionaries merchant investors

d. merchant investors

In the wake of the collapse of the Mongol Empire, the largest in world history, the Central Asian heartland of the Turkic peoples evolved into a _________, many of whose rulers claimed descent from Genghis Khan. tribe city state chiefdom patchwork of smaller states

d. patchwork of smaller states

A crucial factor which aided in the fall of the Incan Empire to the Spaniards was the protracted war of succession between _________and his half-brother Huáscar. Mayta Cápac Pachacuti Túpac Amaru Atahualpa

d.Atahualpa

All of the following is true of Peter the Great of Russia EXCEPT: He was interested in importing skills from Western Europe. He decreed that soldiers should shave their traditional beards and wear European uniforms. He was determined to building Russia's fleet in the Baltic Sea. He often rewarded western technical experts by giving them estates and serfs in the Balkans.

d.He often rewarded western technical experts by giving them estates and serfs in the Balkans.

All of the following statements are true of Martin Luther EXCEPT: He was an Augustinian monk, an ordained priest, and a professor of the New Testament in northeastern Germany. He had a strong sense of sin, confessing daily and performing extensive penance. He wrote a letter to his archbishop itemizing practices he considered contrary to scripture. His written communications to Church officials were usually in vernacular German.

d.His written communications to Church officials were usually in vernacular German.

Among the gifts of submission presented to Cortés on the Mexican mainland was _________, the daughter of an Aztec lord and someone who would go on to play a crucial role in securing the success of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire. Huitzilxotzin Llancueitl Xiuhcuetzin Malinche

d.Malinche

The addition of important new food crops was an important factor in Chinese population growth, resulting in populations of: About 60 million in 1368 to 150 million in 1600, and about 300 million by 1800. About 60 million in 1368 to 100 million in 1500, to about 200 million by 1800. About 60 million in 1368 to 200 million in 1500, to about 250 million by 1800. About 60 million in 1368 to 75 million in 1500, to about 400 million by 1800.

A. About 60 million in 1368 to 150 million in 1600, and about 300 million by 1800

All of the following statements are true of the Portuguese interaction or contacts in West Africa EXCEPT: African agriculturalists became much more productive after adopting Portuguese iron plow shears. By the 1440s, Portuguese mariners raided the West African coast for slaves. In early skirmishes with Africans, the precisely aimed poisoned arrows of the Africans were more effective than the Portuguese muskets. The Portuguese gained rights to trade and build posts through treaties with local African leaders.

A. African agriculturalists became much more productive after adopting Portuguese iron plow shears.

The Mughals' expansion into Bengal foreshadowed a clash with a very different kind of enemy, the Shan people of Southeast Asia called the _________. Ahoms Mong Yang Hsenwi Mong Kawng

A. Ahhoms

Great mosque projects also represent highlights of Mughal artistic sophistication and monumental scope. Among them are the Friday Delhi Mosque in Shahjahanabad and Aurangzeb's huge _________. Badshahi Mosque in Lahore Taj Mahal Salim Chisti Bulleh Shah

A. Badshahi Mosque in Lahore

Denis Diderot's most important contribution to the Enlightenment was to assemble all the latest scientific and philosophical thinking into the _________. Encyclopédie Livre des sophistes Les Misérables Lettre sur les aveugles à l'usage de ceux qui voient

A. Encyclopédie

In the peace negotiations concluding the American War of Independence, France incurred _________, an obligation which it ultimately was unable to meet, thus setting in motion one of the underlying causes for the outbreak of the French Revolution. exorbitant war debt repayments new tariffs on its exports war reparations embargoes

A. exorbitant war debt repayments

Under Akbar's leadership, the Mughal armies were able to bring the eastern, southern and western flanks of their lands into their fold and again anchoring Islam in the former areas of its influence, the heartland of Northern India, or _________. Hindustan Bihar Agra Ajmir

A. Hindustan

The only founder of an English colony in North America who lived to see it become part of the United States was: James Oglethorpe Martin Lewis Thomas Jefferson William Penn

A. James Oglethorpe

______________ eventually became strong enough to assume control of Saint-Domingue after the slave rebellion. Jean-Jacques Dessalines Napoleon Bonaparte Francois-Dominique Tousssaint Louverture The United States

A. Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Under Mughal rule, an elaborate, graded system of official ranks was created in which the recipients, called _________, were awarded grants of land along with the revenues those working the land generated. mansabdars governors viceroys pashas

A. Mansabdars

Two leaders who led the Manchus to military might by the seventeenth century were: Nurhachi and Abahai Kongxi and Abahai Nurhachi and Liadong Abahai and Wu Sangui

A. Nurhachi and Abahai

While the great majority of Indian Muslims remained adherents of the Sunni and Hanafi School of interpretation of Islamic law, there was also an influential presence in India. Shiite Sufi Ashariyyah Zaidi

A. Shiite

Akbar's Sufi mystical training had increasingly predisposed him toward tolerance and eclecticism, which gradually developed into a personal philosophy he called _________, or "at peace with all." sulh-i kull Ain-i-Akbari Dhikr Sikhism

A. Sulh-i kull

Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong, three powerful emperors of the Qing (a foreign, Manchu dynasty), strove to validate their reigns by all of the following EXCEPT: Supporting creative artists and poets even when they were unorthodox. Being patrons of the arts. Setting the tone in aesthetic matters. Initiating mammoth cultural projects.

A. Supporting creative artists and poets even when they were unorthodox.

Regarding the newly independent North American republic, which of the following statements is not accurate? The Articles of Confederation did not grant enough self-governing power to the individual states The 1787 constitutional convention was convened in Philadelphia to attempt to create a far more effective federal system The new republic's initial years were fraught with organizational difficulties Checks and balances were put in place in the form of bicameral legislature and separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches

A. The Articles of Confederation did not grant enough self-governing power to the individual states

All of the following was true of the banner system EXCEPT: The Chinese, as a conquered people, were not allowed to participate. Developed for military and tax purposes. Originally organized for mobile warriors. The chief administrative tool of the Manchu leadership.

A. The Chinese, as a conquered people, were not allowed to participate.

The high point of the Qing dynasty was during the rule of The Qianlong emperor The Kangxi emperor Matteo Ricci Nurhachi

A. The Qianlong emperor

In the Canton trade (the commercial trade between Europe and Asia), all of the following are true EXCEPT: The Qing dynasty incorporated the European merchants into the diplomatic system during the seventeenth century. The British East India Company used its base at Calcutta to try to expand its operations in China. The Qing dynasty tried to permit European trade only in the port of Guangzhou (known as Canton by Europeans). The Qing were concerned that foreign traders were working with Ming loyalists against their rule.

A. The Qing dynasty incorporated the European merchants into the diplomatic system during the seventeenth century.

Most of our information about the lives of Chinese peasants comes from all of the following sources EXCEPT: Diaries and family histories kept by peasant leaders. Literary sources compiled by the scholar-gentry. Chronicles produced by Westerners traveling in China. Local histories and gazetteers.

A.Diaries and family histories kept by peasant leaders.

Between the years 1492 and 1888: More than 250 slave revolts took place in the Americas and Caribbean. Fewer than 200 slave revolts took place in the Americas and Caribbean More than 2000 slave revolts took place in the Americas and Caribbean. There were about 26 slave revolts in the Americas and Caribbean

A.More than 250 slave revolts took place in the Americas and Caribbean.

"Creole" cultures emerge: When two or more distinct cultures exist in proximity and absorb influences from each other. Generally only when societies are militarily defeated by a stronger society and have the customs of the conqueror forced upon them. When indigenous religions are eradicated. Generally only when subordinate people imitate the manners and language of dominant societies.

A.When two or more distinct cultures exist in proximity and absorb influences from each other.

During the period between the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, China's population was reduced from about 100 million to about 60 million by: The Mongol invasion Banditry, fighting, and lingering effects of the Black Death Constant wars with the Japanese Raids by Western European navies

B. Banditry, fighting, and lingering effects of the Black Death

The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world is known as the _________. Anglo-Portuguese Exchange Columbian Exchange Louisiana Purchase Exchange Indo-European Exchange

B. Columbian exchange

Despite these internal conflicts, Aurangzeb's military prowess helped him to secure key areas that had long eluded Mughal efforts: Bijapur, Golconda and much of the Maratha lands of the _________region of South Central India. Berar Deccan Orissa Gondwana

B. Deccan

As was the case in China, the "inner" world of the household and the "outer" world of business, politics and warfare were clearly defined by_______. age gender class caste

B. Gender

The Congress of Vienna restored the French Bourbon monarchy with the coronation of King _________, the brother of Louis XVI. Louis-Philippe Louis XVIII Louis XVII Charles X

B. Louis XVII

Aurangzeb's long rule renewed the Mughal trend of expanding into the Northeastern areas controlled by the Ahoms, whom he ultimately succeeded in converting into _________after a military standstill. Mughal chiefs Mughal clients Mughal representatives Mughals citizens

B. Mughal clients

The first European merchant ships to reach India in 1498 belonged to _________. England Portugal Spain Italy

B. Portugal

For French philosopher Auguste Comte, world history was arranged into three successive stages, theological, metaphysical and scientific, the last stage representing the advances and progress ushered in by the sciences, which he saw as a positive stage. Hence Comte's philosophy's was labeled _________. "Optimism" "Positivism" "Objectivism" "Progressivism"

B. Positivism

After the American Civil War, a period of unification ensued during which Southern states were occupied by federal troops in order to enforce the new policies of _________. The Confiscation Acts Reconstruction The Missouri Compromise The Monroe Doctrine

B. Reconstruction

What did Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès believe the Third Estate stood for, in his pamphlet entitled "What is the Third Estate?" The French Empire The French Nation The French Consulate The French Revolution

B. The French Nation

After 1434, the following discovery accelerated European contacts with the African west coast: The adverse currents and prevailing winds along the west coast of Africa that impeded the return journey were overcome by sailing across the Atlantic to the Americas, thence to Europe in what is now known as the triangle trade. The adverse currents and prevailing winds along the west coast of Africa that impeded the return journey were overcome by sailing toward the Atlantic islands such as the Canaries, Madeira, and Azores. The new merchant ships were equipped for both rowing and sailing, using slaves being transported for sale as rowers, keeping them fit as well as expediting the journey. The Portuguese learned new navigation techniques that allowed them to round the southern tip of Africa and sail across the Indian Ocean.

B. The adverse currents and prevailing winds along the west coast of Africa that impeded the return journey were overcome by sailing toward the Atlantic islands such as the Canaries, Madeira, and Azores.

Trade between Europeans and Africans during the period 1500 to 1800: Was largely motivated by food shortages during the cold period known as "the little ice age", and was generally comprised of wheat, rice, or other grains necessary to sustain life. Was generally an exchange of luxury goods rather than basic necessities, geared toward enhancing elite power through a display of conspicuous consumption. Almost always included quantities of alcoholic beverages to entice Africans to enter into trade with Europeans. Primarily involved the exportation of slaves during the first two centuries.

B. Was generally an exchange of luxury goods rather than basic necessities, geared toward enhancing elite power through a display of conspicuous consumption.

While this new philosophy did not end Akbar's military campaigns, which he saw as ordained by God, it ultimately did lead him to conducting spirited religious debates with his subjects and formulating a new religion he called _________, or "divine faith." Islam din-i ilahi Ain-i-Akbari Muraqaba

B. din-i ilahi

Austria's Prime Minister Prince Klemens von Metternich, an opponent of constitutional nationalism, in an effort to reinstitute the right of kings and emperors to rule by divine grace, persuaded the Congress of Vienna to formulate two new principles: _________. republicanism and balance of power legitimacy and balance of power absolute monarchy and balance of power Napoleonic totalitarianism and imperial centralization

B. legitimacy and balance of power

Akbar's attempt to create a new divine faith was doomed to failure in part because: din-i ilahi was perceived to be a religion that appealed to courtiers and nobles only many followers joined the new divine faith for opportunistic rather than spiritual reasons many followers embraced a less strict form of Islam instead it was embraced by Sunni theologians

B. many followers joined the new divine faith for opportunistic rather than spiritual reasons

Which of the following is not a long-term consequence of the creation of a world trading system by the European maritime powers: Indian commodities were now being shipped globally the Dutch and the British saw a sharp decline in their supremacy in India growth of the Indian textile trade growth of American silver and food and cash crop imports into India

B. the Dutch and the British saw a sharp decline in their supremacy in India

For Babur and his successors, their ruling family would always be "The House of Timur," prompting historians to sometimes refer to the line as the Timurids. However, because of their claims to the legacy of Genghis Khan, they would be better known to the world as the _________. Huns Mughals Sheikh Mangral

B.Mughals

In his Social Contract, and to the consternation of French radicals, Jean-Jacques Rousseau espoused the notion that humans _________. had reverted to their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them had suffered no observable change from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them had suffered a steady decline from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them had enjoyed a steady rise from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them

C. had suffered a steady decline from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them

A particular problem for the long term health of Humayun's dynasty was the _________, or the creation of a regular system for previously improvised or ad hoc activities or things, of traditional nomadic succession practices among the House of Timur's rulers. deinstitionalisation institute institutionalization colonization

C. institutionalization

In regard to military might and technology, the Ming have been characterized in all of the following ways EXCEPT: A military superpower. Possessing technologically capable of producing thousands of cannon and handguns each year. Reliant on diplomacy and negotiations in the best Confucian tradition. On their way to developing a powerful navy.

C.Reliant on diplomacy and negotiations in the best Confucian tradition.

All of the following is true of the Donglin Academy EXCEPT: It was founded by philosophers who concluded that the Ming collapsed in part because of its retreat from practical politics. It was devoted to reconstituting an activist Confucianism. The scholars of the Academy avoiding arguing with the Court about any matters, believing a stable, self-assured government was the strongest. It inspired the "Han Learning Movement," which sought to recover the original classic Confucianism.

C.The scholars of the Academy avoiding arguing with the Court about any matters, believing a stable, self-assured government was the strongest.

All of the following is true of the Carolina colony EXCEPT: It began under the authority of the Lords Proprietors in Barbados. It was intended as a place to transport religious dissenters as well as a bulwark against the Spanish in Florida. The settlers there realized very quickly that Native Americans were not a viable source of slaves. It was a source for vital supplies necessary for building ships.

C.The settlers there realized very quickly that Native Americans were not a viable source of slaves.

All of the following were true of Ethiopia in the 15th and 16th centuries EXCEPT: The Ethiopian economy was based on plow-based agriculture, with the king controlling a trade in gold, ivory, animal skins and slaves. By the early 16th century, Ethiopians were contending for a port on the Red Sea with the Muslim sultanate of Adal. The Portuguese aided Ethiopia in its war with Adal. The Ottoman Empire at first aided Adal, but eventually retreated when faced by Ethiopian determination and Portuguese military might.

D. The Ottoman Empire at first aided Adal, but eventually retreated when faced by Ethiopian determination and Portuguese military might.

All of the following are true of the system of slavery in the Americas EXCEPT: An estimated 12 percent died in transit. There is no general agreement as to the exact number of Africans brought to the Americas as slaves, but it is estimated that around 12.5 million were shipped from Africa. The greatest number of slaves was shipped to Brazil. The greatest number of slaves was imported into the southern part of the United States.

D. The greatest number of slaves was imported into the southern part of the United States.

The Tokugawa attempt to conquer China in the late sixteenth century was led by: Oda Nobunaga Chikamatsu Monzaemon Hongwu Toyotomi Hideyoshi

D. Toyotomi Hideyoshi

The basic administrative unit of the Mughals was the _________, a unit comprising an area usually containing a town and from a dozen to about a hundred villages. league meter acre pargana

D. pargana

In the realm of the visual arts, and just like with the Safavid Persians and the Ottomans, one of the more interesting aspects of Islam as practiced by the Mughals is that, like the prohibitions regarding wine and other intoxicants, the injunctions against depicting the human form in art were often largely ignored in the _________. public works literature museums private chambers of the royal court

D. private chambers of the royal court

All of the following are true of the "Single Whip" system EXCEPT: All families were placed into officially designated villages for tax purposes. About 110 households comprised the villages. The baojia system required families to register all members. Each village was responsible directly to the Emperor or his Court designee, thus eliminating potentially dangerous rural aristocracies from developing.

D.Each village was responsible directly to the Emperor or his Court designee, thus eliminating potentially dangerous rural aristocracies from developing.

The most systematic of the so-called idealist philosophers in Germany, ______________ asserted that all thought proceeded dialectically from the "transcendental ego" to matter and from there to the spiritualized synthesis of nature. Adam Smith Hector Berlioz Johann Wolfgang von Goethe George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

D.George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

In contrast to Rousseau's traditional Christian ethics, _________sought to build morality on transcendent reason and thus came to the conclusion that his morality had to be erected on the basis of the categorical imperative. David Hume Jean le Rond d'Alembert Gottfried-Wilhelm Leibniz Immanuel Kant

D.Immanuel Kant

All of the following is true of the period called "The Renaissance," EXCEPT: There was wide dissemination of translations of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman intellectuals whose work had not been previously known in Western Europe. Byzantine, or Eastern Orthodox, Christianity became more influential in Western Europe, weakening the Roman papacy and leaving it vulnerable to Protestant incursions. The European intellectuals and artists of the period saw themselves as having broken away from the scholasticism of the Middle Ages. Renaissance artists were strongly influenced by Greek and Hellenistic-Roman culture.

b. Byzantine, or Eastern Orthodox, Christianity became more influential in Western Europe, weakening the Roman papacy and leaving it vulnerable to Protestant incursions.

Between _________, it is estimated that Spanish America produced 150,000 tons of silver (including gold converted into silver weight), corresponding roughly to 85% of the world production and underlying the extraordinary role of American silver in the money economies of Spain, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, especially China. 1492-1500 1550-1750 1500-1550 1550-1650

b. 1550-1750

The Manchus who ruled China constituted about __% of the population: 5 2 10 15

b. 2%

When the Portuguese conquered Brazil, the indigenous population was estimated to be nearly _________inhabitants. 1 million 5 million 500,000 10 million

b. 5 million

The relatively slow pace of the Portuguese conquest in Brazil, compared to the meteoric success the Spaniards enjoyed over the vast Aztec and Inca empires, can be explained by all but one of the following: Spanish conquistadors went straight to the top of the imperial pyramid and made full use of their arrogance, bravado and ruthless brutality to secure control The Spaniards' use of sophisticated firearms and cannons played a decisive role in combat, especially in close encounters, demonstrating the crucial role of gunpowder technology in bringing down the Aztec and Inca empires Both the Aztec and Inca empires were relatively recent creations in which the hierarchical power structure was still divided and contested by enemy factions, thus allowing the Spaniards to form tactical alliances among the subject population and manipulate rival groups against each other European-introduced diseases took a devastating toll among the indigenous population ahead of actual military invasion, decimating the locals and thus greatly disrupting and undermining their effectiveness in repelling the Spanish onslaught

b. The Spaniards' use of sophisticated firearms and cannons played a decisive role in combat, especially in close encounters, demonstrating the crucial role of gunpowder technology in bringing down the Aztec and Inca empires

The oldest city founded by Europeans on the American mainland was the coastal city of _________, established by Hernán Cortés as a base for further inland exploration. Progreso Veracruz Tampico Campeche

b. Veracruz

Among the English colonists in North America, the first to demand participation in the colonial administration were _________. New England lumber dealers Virginia tobacco growers Georgia cotton growers Pennsylvania wheat growers

b. Virginia tobacco growers

In the early seventeenth century, the French, English and Dutch started occupying smaller unclaimed Caribbean islands which they then used to launch raids on Spanish colonies in order to disrupt Spain's monopoly on shipping between Europe and its Caribbean possessions, eventually taking some of these Spanish outposts. Most notable among these conquered Spanish outposts was Jamaica, taken by the English, and _________, taken by the French. Cuba Western Hispaniola Puerto Rico The Bahamas

b. Western Hispaniola

All of the following is true of the trade between Portuguese mariners and the kingdom of Benin EXCEPT: The king of Benin allowed the Portuguese to build a fort on the coast in 1487. At first the trade consisted of an exchange of palm oil, ivory, woolens, beads, pepper and slaves in exchange for European guns, powder, metalware, salt, and cottons. When a later king ordered the halt of the slave trade, the Portuguese agreed, and turned to European sources of labor. The admission of missionaries and Portuguese envoys allowed members of the royal court to learn about Portuguese culture.

c. When a later king ordered the halt of the slave trade, the Portuguese agreed, and turned to European sources of labor.

Fathullah Shirazi, a gifted Indian engineer, astronomer and philosopher: came up with the concept for a multi-barreled gun âsimilar in design to that of Leonardo da Vinci invented the surgical scalpel designed the world's first rocket launcher is credited with designing the world's first automatic weapon

came up with the concept for a multi-barreled gun âsimilar in design to that of Leonardo da Vinci

chapter 17 Which of the following sequence of events is correct?: 1) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 2) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 3) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 4) First steam engine. 1) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 2) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 3) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 4) First steam engine. 1) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 2) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 3) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 4) First steam engine. 1) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 2) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 3) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 4) First steam engine.

d) 1) First formulation of the heliocentric system; 2) Discovery of the elliptical paths of planets; 3) Newton's unification of physics and astronomy; 4) First steam engine.

In 1750, the most highly populated countries in Europe were: a )England and France. b) Poland and Russia. c) Spain and Italy. d) France and Russia.

d) France and Russia.

All of the following are true of the Dutch in Africa EXCEPT: A few wealthy landowners imported the first black slaves to the colony in 1658. The built a fort on the South African coast in 1652. The first settlers were craftsmen and traders, but by 1750 there were about 10,000 Dutch farmers in the Cape Colony. A Dutch settler society gradually emerged, particularly when they offered a haven to English Catholics seeking refuge.

d. A Dutch settler society gradually emerged, particularly when they offered a haven to English Catholics seeking refuge.

The "Newtonian synthesis" was: A fusion of the fields of mathematics, astronomy, physics, and theology. A reconciliation of Biblical references and scientific observation. An amalgamation of Descartes's system of coordinates and Leibniz's calculus. A unification of the fields of physics and astronomy.

d. A unification of the fields of physics and astronomy.

The Seven Years' War in the New World was ultimately won by the superiority and tactical maneuvering of _________over the French forces. Great Britain's European allies Great Britain's Indian allies the British Army the British navy

d. British Navy