Workbook Chapter 28: The Integumentary System
which skin layer is the deepest?
-dermis
cyanosis
-a blue or gray discoloration of the skin, lips, & nail beds
fissure
-a crack in the skin
melanin
-a dark pigment that gives our skin, hair, & eyes color
dermatitis
-a general term for inflammation of the skin
lesion
-a general term used to describe any break in the skin
macule
-a small, flat, reddened lesion
papule
-a small, raised, firm, lesion
keratin
-a substance that causes cells to thicken & become resistant to water
eczema
-a type of chronic dermatitis that is usually accompanied by severe itching, scaling, & crusting of the surface of the skin
jaundice
-a yellow discoloration of the skin & the whites of the eyes
is the sebum basic or acidic?
-acidic
excoriation
-an abrasion, or a scraping away of the surface of the skin
sebum
-an oily substance that lubricates the skin & helps to prevent it from drying out
gray hair is caused by what?
-by the loss of melanin from the hair
superficial (first-degree) burns
-cause injury to the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis
dermis
-deepest layer of the skin, where sensory receptors, blood vessels, nerves, glands, & hair follicles are found
what happens to the surface of the skin when the internal temperature is high?
-dilate, causing more blood to pass near the surface of the skin, allowing heat to escape into the environment
an xprt pulmonary therapy surface
-offers rotational percussion & vibration therapies
what are the steps of the montgomery tie?
-dressing is placed over the wound -adhesive strip of montgomery tie is applied to the person's skin alongside the dressing -another montgomery tie is placed in the same way on the other side of the dressing -ties are tied together over the dressing, to hold it in place -when it is time to change the dressing, the ties are untied, the dressing is replaced, & then the ties are retied
what skin layer is the outermost?
-epidermis
apocrine gland
-found mostly in the skin of the armpits (axillae) & the perineum
rash
-group of lesions
full-thickness (third-degree) burns
-involve the epidermis & dermis, the subcutaneous layer, & often the underlying muscles & bones as well
melanin gives hair what?
-its color
'age spots' (sometimes called 'liver spots') are caused by deposits of what in certain areas?
-melanin
does the epidermis contain any blood vessels or nerve cells?
-no it does not contain blood vessels or nerve cells
what are the 4 functions of the integumentary system?
-offers a physical form of protection against microbes, chemicals, & other agents that could harm the body -it helps to maintain the body's fluid balance -helps to regulate the body's temperature -it eliminates small amounts of waste material
pallor
-paleness of skin
partial-thickness (second-degree) burns
-penetrate into the dermis of the skin
eccrine gland
-produces a thin, watery fluid
flushing
-redness of skin
erythema
-redness of the skin
what are nails made of?
-special skin cells that have been hardened by the presence of keratin
where do the blood vessels & nerves that supply originate where?
-subcutaneous tissue & send branches into the dermis
an air fluidized bed
-supports the person on a fabric-covered layer of tiny ceramic beads
an altering pressure bed
-supports the person on a series of compartments that fill with air & then deflate on a rotating basis
what happens to the surface of the skin when the internal temperature is too low?
-the blood vessels in the skin constrict, causing less blood to pass near the surface of the skin, keeping the heat inside of the body
wrinkles form due to what?
-the loss of collagen & the thinning of adipose (fatty) tissue in the subcutaneous layer
necrosis
-tissue death as a result of a lack of oxygen
pustule
-vesicle that contains pus, a thick, yellowish fluid
development of pressure ulcers
-weight of the person's body squeezes the soft tissue between the body prominence & the surface the person is resting on -flow of blood to the tissue is disrupted -lack of blood flow to the tissue deprives the tissue of oxygen & nutrients -tissue death, called necrosis, occurs as a result of a lack of oxygen -necrotic (dead) skin & underlying tissues peel off or break open, creating an open sore
what are 4 conditions that can lead to the development of a pressure ulcer?
-when a part of a person's body presses against a surface, such as a mattress -when a person sleeps on wrinkled bed linens or an object in the bed for a long period -when a person sits on a bedpan for a long period -when a person wears a splint or brace that presses against the skin
third-intention wound healing
-would is left open for a period of time to make sure that an infection is not, going to occur , then the would edges are cleaned & closed with sutures or staples
second-intention wound healing
-wound is cleaned, rinsed & left open to heal from the inside out
first-intention wound healing
-wound is closed surgical with sutures or staples
wrinkles, gray hair, & 'age spots' are all very visible signs of what?
aging
