Workbook Chapter 28: The Integumentary System

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which skin layer is the deepest?

-dermis

cyanosis

-a blue or gray discoloration of the skin, lips, & nail beds

fissure

-a crack in the skin

melanin

-a dark pigment that gives our skin, hair, & eyes color

dermatitis

-a general term for inflammation of the skin

lesion

-a general term used to describe any break in the skin

macule

-a small, flat, reddened lesion

papule

-a small, raised, firm, lesion

keratin

-a substance that causes cells to thicken & become resistant to water

eczema

-a type of chronic dermatitis that is usually accompanied by severe itching, scaling, & crusting of the surface of the skin

jaundice

-a yellow discoloration of the skin & the whites of the eyes

is the sebum basic or acidic?

-acidic

excoriation

-an abrasion, or a scraping away of the surface of the skin

sebum

-an oily substance that lubricates the skin & helps to prevent it from drying out

gray hair is caused by what?

-by the loss of melanin from the hair

superficial (first-degree) burns

-cause injury to the outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis

dermis

-deepest layer of the skin, where sensory receptors, blood vessels, nerves, glands, & hair follicles are found

what happens to the surface of the skin when the internal temperature is high?

-dilate, causing more blood to pass near the surface of the skin, allowing heat to escape into the environment

an xprt pulmonary therapy surface

-offers rotational percussion & vibration therapies

what are the steps of the montgomery tie?

-dressing is placed over the wound -adhesive strip of montgomery tie is applied to the person's skin alongside the dressing -another montgomery tie is placed in the same way on the other side of the dressing -ties are tied together over the dressing, to hold it in place -when it is time to change the dressing, the ties are untied, the dressing is replaced, & then the ties are retied

what skin layer is the outermost?

-epidermis

apocrine gland

-found mostly in the skin of the armpits (axillae) & the perineum

rash

-group of lesions

full-thickness (third-degree) burns

-involve the epidermis & dermis, the subcutaneous layer, & often the underlying muscles & bones as well

melanin gives hair what?

-its color

'age spots' (sometimes called 'liver spots') are caused by deposits of what in certain areas?

-melanin

does the epidermis contain any blood vessels or nerve cells?

-no it does not contain blood vessels or nerve cells

what are the 4 functions of the integumentary system?

-offers a physical form of protection against microbes, chemicals, & other agents that could harm the body -it helps to maintain the body's fluid balance -helps to regulate the body's temperature -it eliminates small amounts of waste material

pallor

-paleness of skin

partial-thickness (second-degree) burns

-penetrate into the dermis of the skin

eccrine gland

-produces a thin, watery fluid

flushing

-redness of skin

erythema

-redness of the skin

what are nails made of?

-special skin cells that have been hardened by the presence of keratin

where do the blood vessels & nerves that supply originate where?

-subcutaneous tissue & send branches into the dermis

an air fluidized bed

-supports the person on a fabric-covered layer of tiny ceramic beads

an altering pressure bed

-supports the person on a series of compartments that fill with air & then deflate on a rotating basis

what happens to the surface of the skin when the internal temperature is too low?

-the blood vessels in the skin constrict, causing less blood to pass near the surface of the skin, keeping the heat inside of the body

wrinkles form due to what?

-the loss of collagen & the thinning of adipose (fatty) tissue in the subcutaneous layer

necrosis

-tissue death as a result of a lack of oxygen

pustule

-vesicle that contains pus, a thick, yellowish fluid

development of pressure ulcers

-weight of the person's body squeezes the soft tissue between the body prominence & the surface the person is resting on -flow of blood to the tissue is disrupted -lack of blood flow to the tissue deprives the tissue of oxygen & nutrients -tissue death, called necrosis, occurs as a result of a lack of oxygen -necrotic (dead) skin & underlying tissues peel off or break open, creating an open sore

what are 4 conditions that can lead to the development of a pressure ulcer?

-when a part of a person's body presses against a surface, such as a mattress -when a person sleeps on wrinkled bed linens or an object in the bed for a long period -when a person sits on a bedpan for a long period -when a person wears a splint or brace that presses against the skin

third-intention wound healing

-would is left open for a period of time to make sure that an infection is not, going to occur , then the would edges are cleaned & closed with sutures or staples

second-intention wound healing

-wound is cleaned, rinsed & left open to heal from the inside out

first-intention wound healing

-wound is closed surgical with sutures or staples

wrinkles, gray hair, & 'age spots' are all very visible signs of what?

aging


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