World Civ Midterm
What army ultimately destroyed the Songhai empire?
A largely slave army from the Sultanate of Morocco
What was the main reason for the fall of the Safavid Empire?
A weak military
Based on the so called scientific racism of the late 19th century, along with Britain's imperialistic aims, to whom can it be assumed the phrase "the dark corner of the earth" in this soap advertisement refers?
Africa
By the late 18th century, European law recognized only what kinds of people as slaves?
Africans or people of African descent
Rudyard Kipling wrote his poem "The White Man's Burden" in response to which of the following?
America's seizure of the Phillippines
Who spearheaded Islamic expansion in East Africa from the 1820s on?
Arab merchants and adventures
Which Enlightenment thinker argued in favor of separating and sharing political power?
Baron de Montesquieu
In the Americas, the Seven Years' War was a border dispute between the colonies of what two countries/
Britain and France
Martin Luther clashed with what Habsburg emperor?
Charles V
During the Edo period, which remained an important trading partner for japan
China
What was the primary religion of Ethiopia?
Coptic Christianity
What did Louis XIV revoke in 1685?
Edict of Nantes
Who were the Janissaries?
Elite Ottoman slave soldiers
Which of the following was included in the 1763 Treaty of Paris?
France gave up most of its holdings in India, opening the way to British dominance on the subcontinent
Who co-wrote The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx?
Friedrich Engels
Who was tried for heresy in 1633 for defending Copernicus and the heliocentric theory?
Galileo
What did Edwin Chadwick's work lead to?
Great Britain's first public health law
Who was Shaka, and why was he significant?
He was a Zulu leader who revolutionized African warfare and created the largest and most powerful African society in southern Africa in the nineteenth century.
What happened to the Mughal ruler Humayun after he lost most of the Mughal territory in Afghanistan?
He was exiled to persia
How did Aurangzeb anger many of his subjects?
His Islamic zealotry troubled his non-Muslim subjects.
Roughly 75% of the slaves imported into the Dutch Cape Colony were from where?
India, Southeast Asia, and Madagascar
Cowrie shells were used for currency in North Africa and originated in the Maldives, which are islands located in what body of water?
Indian Ocean
After the death of Timur, his empire was held together by which of the following?
Islamic faith
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad Abduh both advocated for which of the following?
Islamic reform and rejuvenation
During the Ashikaga Shogunate, the government's capital was in what city?
Kyoto
The world's first important steam-powered train, the Rocket, provided service between what two English cities?
Liverpool and Manchester
In the dual monarchy, what group gained independence in Hungary?
Magyars
Quinine proved an effective protection against what debilitating disease?
Malaria
What kind of animals were lost in the megafaunal extinctions at the end of the last Ice Age, and what role did humans play in those extinctions?
Many animals were lost at the end of the last Ice age. A lot of the animals were larger species like wolly mammoths, mastodons, camels, giant kangaroos, rhinos and other large animals. Humans played a big part in the extinction of these animals. It's said that climate change also played a part in the extinction also. Mainly humans though, over hunted these animals into extinction.
Who dominated the Committee of Public Safety during the Reign of Terror?
Maximilien Robespierre
According to Map 17.1, the far eastern portion of the Ottoman Empire occupied territory that was one part of which ancient civilization?
Mesopotamia
Who did the spanish crown expel in 1609?
Moriscos, or former Muslims
Which was the largest and wealthiest of the three islamic empires of the early modern world?
Mughal empire
What ruler completed the expansion and consolidation of Songhai?
Muhammad Toure
This political cartoon is of the Congress of Vienna, during which European leaders divided Europe amongst themselves. Why is Napoleon, who is seen severing France from the rest of Europe, included in this cartoon?
Napoleon temporarily escaped his exile on the island of Elbe
Who ruled England under the Protectorate
Oliver Cromwell
The Berlin Conference was organized by Premier Jules Ferry of France and what other leader?
Otto von Bismarck of Germany
According to Map 17.4, "The Muslim World, ca. 1700," which of the following empires were once a part of Timur's empire?
Ottoman and Safavid
What role did patronage play in the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment?
Patronage definitely played a role in the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment. THey helped the scientists in their study. It also provided researchers with the resources they need because of the finances.
In 1739, The Mughal army was defeated in battle by Nadir Shah, who was from where?
Persia
Who controlled the spice trade in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century?
Portugal
Why was absenteeism a problem in the early 16th century?
Priests hired to fill the benefices were often of poor quality and poorly paid
The work of which ancient Greek scholar laid the foundation for early modern knowledge about the earth
Ptolemy
To help Austria subdue Hungary, what country's leader sent troops to occupy the territory in 1849?
Russia
Where was the center of Timur's empire>
Samarkand
In the 15th century, what state became the successor to Ghana and Mali in the Niger region?
Songhai
What was the focus of Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies?
Strengthening royal control
Which of the following was a series of Ottoman reforms issued in 1876 and designed to remake the empire on a western European model?
Tanzimat
The Treaty of Paris in 1763 gave control of India to whom?
The British
Which of the following was a primary cause of the French Revolution of 1848?
The French Government refused to consider electoral reforms
Suleiman and Francis I of France formed an alliance to prevent the expansion in Europe of what ruling family?
The Habsburgs
Who put the works of copernicus and Kepler on a list of forbidden books in 1616?
The Holy Office of the Catholic Church
What kinds of religious rituals did Neolithic people develop? Who performed them?
The Neolithic people performed many religious rituals that related to the climate and crops. When they wanted it to rain or the sun to rise or pests to not attack their crops, they would perform a religious rite. The Shamans performed them. THey communicated with the unseen. They also ensured health and prosperity through these rituals.
Which of these Montesquieu's most famous work?
The Spirit of the Laws
As illustrated in Map 17.4, Armenian traders traversed a path through the Russian Empire similar to that used by which of the following?
The Vikings
What evidence in this illustration shows European influence on the African slave trade?
The guards are carrying European-style firearms
What sparked the Ottoman janissary revolt of 1826?
The janissaries were ordered to drill in European style
This map shows the importance of which factor during the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain?
The railroad
How did the Ibo of Nigeria respond to the British arrival in East Africa/
They became highly Christianized
How were chattel slaves viewed?
They were commodities that were considered subhuman property
Why was the Great Wall built by the Ming?
To protect against the Mongol threat
Spainards, Creoles, and Indian nobles joined forces to defeat who in 1780?
Tupac Armau II
How did early factory work affect family life?
Workers often came to the mills and mines and were employed as whole family units
In the 15th Century, Japanese Muromachi culture was heavily influenced by which of the following?
Zen Buddhism
By the 19th century, the Ottoman janissary corps had been transformed into
a corrupt and privileged hereditary elite
Who built the Suez Canal?
a french company
In the English slave trade, a "sorting" referred to which of the following?
a selection of goods traded in one lot for a slave or slaves
What was one consequence of the spread of Islam in the Sudan?
a written constitution was established
Which of these was a consequence of the taxes levied by colonial government?
africans were compelled to work for whites
Which of the following was an important feature of the governing of the Mughal empire under AKbar?
akbar discouraged religious or ethnic factions at court
What did the members of the Quadruple Alliance have in common?
all were conservative monarchies and wanted to keep France in check
What was the most serious obstacle impeding industrial development in Britain in the 18th century?
an energy shortage
The massive increase in the slave trade can be attributed to which of the following?
an increasing number of nations engaged in the trade
most slaves exported by the portuguese to Brazil came from
angola
Roughly 35% of Swahlili words come from which of the following languages?
arabic
why did Qasim Amin believe the Islamic World had fallen behind the West?
because they had failed to educate women
What new world country received the largest numbers of slaves from the transatlantic trade during the late 18th and early 19th centuries?
brazil
Benin City was known for artistic work in iron, ivory, and what other product?
bronze portrait busts
How did Mehmet repopulate Istanbul?
by granting tax remissions and free houses to people willing to move there
What did louis XVI do in response to the demands of the National Assembly>
called an army toward the capital to bring the delegates under control
What was the chief means of transport for the West African salt trade?
camels
The great majority of the slaves sent to the Americas were to be employed in which of the following?
coffee and sugar plantations in the Caribbean and south america
What was India's chief export to Europe?
cotton cloth
In America and Australia in the 1880s, "great white walls" were actually what?
discriminatory laws against Asian migrants
In addition to famine, what was the greatest obstacle to population growth in West Africa?
diseases such as malaria
Early French socialists focused on which of the following?
economic planning
The Berlin Conference established the principle that European claims to African territory had to rest on which of the following in order to be recognized by other states?
effective occupation
What evidence of the impact of technology on everyday life can be found in this painting of Madrid?
electric streetcars
between 1690 and 1807, which European nation was the leading participant in the transatlantic slave trade?
england
The flow of products between which regions was part of the so-called "triangle trade" between which countries?
europe, africa, the americas
One major hardship faced by the Ming was gangs of which of the following
former soldiers
Which of the following statements is true regarding the negotiation taking place in this illustration?
given the expense involved in conducting slave raids, the African male with whom the European trader is negotiating was likely a wealthy entrepreneur
Although the shoguns forbade travel by commoners, commoners could get permission to do which of the following?
go on a pilgrammage
The Yuan Grand Canal, which linked Bejiing to the Yangzi River, was widened under the Ming to supply which of the following to the capital?
grain
How did James Watt improve the steam engine?
he added a condenser to the engine
What practice did Shah Abbas of the Safavids adopt from the Ottomans?
he built an army of slaves
How does this photo demonstrate King Leopold II's willingness to ignore the agreements set forth at the Berlin Conference?
he did not protect the native people's moral and physical well-being
What was Copernicus's primary reason for rejecting the Ptolemaic model of the solar system?
he felt that it was too unwieldy to be part of God's harmonious creation
In a policy reminiscent of France's Louis XIV, how did Tokugawa leyasu control the feudal lords?
he forced them to periodically reside at his capital
Why did Napoleon negotiate the Concordat of 1801 with the pope?
he hoped the Catholic church would help stabilize society and maintain order
How did Johannes Kepler refine the Copernican model of the solar system?
he hypothesized elliptical orbits for the planets
Which of the following describes the early life of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty?
he was a penniless orphan
What was the "labor aristocracy" of the 19th century
highly skilled workers
For what is Leo Africanus best known?
his descriptions of African Society
Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal as a monument to whom?
his favorite wife, who died in childbirth
Tycho Brahe is best known for which of the following?
his massive collection of astronomical data
Which of the following was an important limitation on Louis XIV's power?
his need to collaborate with nobles
The Condition of the Working Class in England proposed that
industrialization had brought intensified capitalist exploitation and deepening worker poverty
Coal was an essential ingredient in the manufacture of what eighteenth-century product?
iron
How did the climate change in Europe during the 17th century?
it became colder and wetter
How does this illustration reflect the impact of the fur trade on the lives of Native Americans?
it created tensions between rival groups as evidenced by the armed confrontation in the background
What was an important feature of Akbar's religious policy?
it featured an acceptance of various religious beliefs
How did the 1787 Constitution deal with the issue of slavery?
it included a number of compromises on the issue
What was the purpose of Austria's and Prussia's Declaration of Pillnitz?
it offered to support Louis XVI
What did the 18th century reformers believe about the rule of monarchs?
it should be constrained by the will of the people
How did the upper middle class change as the 19th century progressed?
it tended to merge with the old aristocracy
Why did Spain's overseas empire begin to lose its economic viability?
its American silver mines ran out of silver
For what is Georges Haussmann best remembered?
leading massive rebuilding projects in Paris
Which of these was the greatest killer in West Africa?
malaria
The Book of the Sea was a collection of what?
maps
What intensified British interest in South Africa in the 2nd half of the 19th century?
mineral resources
Which of these was true of the black population of the 18th century London?
most black Londoners were sailors or personal servants
Baruch Spinoza believed that God was the same thing as which of the following?
nature
Which of the following was true of transportation in the 18th century
no part of england was more than 50 miles from navigable water
What was the Great Fear?
peasant uprisings in the country side
Which of the following was a result of the boom in agricultural production of the 18th century?
people had more money to spend on manufactured goods
One reason that cottage workers were reluctant to work in factories is that they resembled which of the following?
poor houses
What did Edmund Cartwright invent?
power loom
The Scientific Revolution's enthusiasm to classify and "order" nature led to a new practice of grouping people by what?
race
What goods were African slaves traded for in the American colonies?
raw materials
Leopold and the companies of the Congo made a fortune from the trade of what cash crop?
raw rubber
The Haskalah movement advocated for which of the following?
religious freedom and civil rights for European Jews
In the 14th and 15th centuries, who did the elite of Mali and Benin import to be slaves?
slavic women
Which of the following describes the trend in European spending on colonial social services after World War I?
such expenditures increased but remained small
What West African industry had the greatest level of specialization?
textiles
What did Europeans fear about Muhammad Ali taking over parts of the Ottoman Empire?
that his dynamic personality would revive Ottoman power
Many Enlightenment thinkers believed which of the following?
that the methods of science should be used to examine all aspects of life
What did David Ricardo argue in his iron law of wages theory?
that the pressure of population growth prevents wages from rising above subsistence levels
WHat did Jean-Jacques Rousseau say about women in regard to their role in soceity?
that they were naturally passive and should stay at home and care for the children
Who won the battle of Omdurman in 1898?
the British
What is true about the relationship between the Creoles and the peninsulares in Latin America in the late 18th and early 19th centuries?
the Creoles resented the economic and political dominance of the peninsulares
In the late 17th century, the Austrian Habsburgs drove what rival empire out of Hungary?
the Ottomans
How did the Safavid shahs gain the loyalty of the Qizilbash?
the Shahs gave them vast grazing lands, often on the frontier
In 1783, American Independence was recognized in what treaty?
the Treat of Paris
Where can the influence of the Tokugawa government be seen in the illustration ? theater pic
the absence of actresses on the stage
Which statement is true about global living standards in 1750?
the average living standard in Europe was no higher than in the rest of the world
What inspired Akbar to build the city of Fatehpur Sikri?
the birth of his son Jahangir
Which of the following pushed Russia toward modernization?
the crimean war
According to the Aristotelian view of the universe
the earth was motionless
King Leopold II became notorious for which of the following?
the exploitation of Africans in the Congo
What evidence is there of the lasting influence of the Qing dynasty?
the great wall
The negative reputation of Ivan the Terrible grew from his violent treatment of what group?
the leading boyar families
At the end of the 19th century, white-collar employees were identified with what group?
the middle class
The Thermidorian reaction saw what group reassert its authority in French policitcs/
the middle class
In the Balkans, the ottomans saw themselves as protectors of which of the following?
the orthodox church and orthodox christians
In 1454, European rabbi Isaac Sarfati encouraged Jews to migrate to what state, because of its official policy of toleration?
the ottoman empire
Which of these was one of the 3 key factors that help explain why industrialization began in Britain first?
the policies of the British government
To what does the term Time of Troubles refer?
the royal succession crisis and civil war in Russia
What brought Senegambia into frequent contact with Europeans?
the slave trade
Who did Uthman dan Fodio declare a jihad against in 1804?
the state of Gobir in the northern Sudan
What changed for Europeans as a result of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?
the treaties that established it ended conflicts fought over religious faith
Based on the evidence in Map 17,3, what did the British East India Company share in common with others who traded in spices, slaves, precious metals, and material goods?
they all relied heavily upon the strength of their maritime fleets
What was the justification for slavery adopted by African rulers that originated from Islamic socieities?
they argued that prisoners of war could be sold and that captured people were chattel
Which of the following was a key development that encouraged continental European banks to invest in industrialization?
they began to establish limited-liability investments
What was unusual about the ottoman ruling class?
they did not own their own land
What did the Manchus have in common with the Mongols?
they had a strongly hierarchical social structure
What was the status of merchants in Tokigawa Japan?
they had economic wealth but no political power
In the English putting-out system, what did merchants do with raw materials?
they loaned them to local cottage workers who processed them at home
What did being an imperial slave in the Ottoman Empire mean for those individuals?
they possessed great social prestige, as well as the chance to acquire power and wealth
In the face of European imperialism, what was the most common initial response of African and Asian rulers?
they raised violent opposition
What was an important consequence of the Thirty Years' War for the Austrian Habsburgs?
they turned inward and eastward in an attempt to unify their power
What characteristic distinguished most West African marriages?
they were almost universally polgynous
Why were the colonial officials reluctant to move decisively against slavery within Africa?
they were fearful of the economic and political consequences of such a move
What did Hideyoshi have in common with the Ming founder Zhu Yuanzhang?
they were from peasant families
Which of these was true of the great majority of slaves in the Islamic world?
they were white
To where have Arabs traced the first use of coffee?
to Sufi religious rituals in Yemen
What was the main economic goal of European imperialists in Africa?
to connect Africa to world markets in a way that would be profitable for the Europeans
What was the actual purpose of the Dutch East India Compnay?
to take over the spice trade from portugal
Economically, British abolitionists sought to replace the African slave trade with trade in which of the following?
tropical products
What did Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection tend to reinforce?
views of secularists such as Spencer and Marx
When did Zhu Yuanzhang proclaim himself "Taizu" or the Hongwu Emperor?
when his armies captured Bejiing
John Locke believed that a government should
work through Parliament
