world cultures chapter 9
what religion eventually made its way to Russia via trade routes?
Christianity was spread to Russia by Christian missionaries from Constantinople
Constantinople became the capital of another empire in the mid 1400s. what empire was that? what did they rename the capital city?
Constantinople became Istanbul, capital of the Ottoman Empire
why did Constantinople become known as the "New Rome?"
Constantinople became known as the "New Rome" because it sat at a crossroads of land and sea routes, and its great wealth came from trade. in addition to encouraging trade, its leaders constructed strong defense for their city. as the cities of the Western Roman Empire crumbled, Constantinople remained secure and prospered. from this capital city roads fanned out to the Balkans, to the Middle East and to North Africa.
what are the three geographical zones of Russia?
Dense forests, Fertile Farmland and a grassland called the southern steppe
how did geography influence Eastern Europe?
Eastern Europe sat at the top of trade routes. it's location allowed it to become the epicenter of trade and commerce. the geography allowed different groups to migrate to the region and have the natural resources necessary to sustain life
why was Eastern Europe culturally diverse?
Eastern Europe was diverse because of its influences from different religions as well as the customs, and traditions from the waves of people migrating to the region
a large group of people who share the same language and cultural heritage is a(n)
Ethnic group; the Balkans were peoples by many ethnic group
who united Russia under one rule?
Ivan the Great united Russia under one rule
who was Ivan the Great's grandson? what was he known for?
Ivan the Great's grandson was known as Ivan the Terrible. he was given the title Ivan the Terrible because of the ways in which he used his power
what was Justinian's Code?
Justinian's Code was a collection and revision and organization of the laws of ancient Rome
what influence did the Mongols have on Russia?
Mongols increased trade routes, modeled absolute rule, and cut ties with Western Europe
where did Russia get its name?
Russia was named after the Rus tribe (Vikings) that expanded their lands into Russia
Kiev adopted many cultural elements of what empire?
Russians adopted aspects of Byzantine culture because they traded mainly with them
Justinian was aided by his wife, ____________
Theodora, she served as advisor and co-ruler to Justinian
under which rule did the Byzantine Empire reach its height of power?
Under Justinian the Byzantium Empire flourished
in the late Middle Ages, Eastern Europe became a refuge from Jewish settlers from where?
Western European Christians launched brutal attacks on Jewish communities, particularly during the Crusades and the Black Death
a person who rules alone with complete authority is a(n)
autocrat; Justinian ruled as an autocrat, or sole ruler with complete authority
what group of people spread from a central heartland in Russia to present-day Poland and the Czech and Slovak republics?
in the early Middle Ages, the Slavs spread from Russia to Eastern Europe
what are the main rivers of Eastern Europe?
its main rivers, the Danube and the Vistula, flow either south into the Black Sea or north into the Baltic Sea
what was NOT one of the ways in which the Byzantine Church differed from the Roman Church?
one of the ways in which the Byzantine Church differed from the Roman Church is by the number of leaders of the Church
which groups had influences on Eastern Europe?
some parts of Eastern Europe were influenced by Russia, other parts by Western Europe, and others by the Byzantine empire. the Balkans were influenced by the Byzantine empire, while northern regions forged links with Western Europe , and the eastern part was influenced by Russia
what events caused the Byzantine Empire to begin its collapse?
struggles over succession, court intrigues, and constant wars undermined the strength of the Byzantine Empire
the southern tip of Eastern Europe is called?
the Balkan Peninsula is the southernmost arm of land in Eastern Europe that juts into the Mediterranean
how long did the Byzantine Empire stand after the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
the Byzantine Empire stood for approximately 1000 years after the fall of the Western Roman Empire
who was the highest Church official in the Byzantine Empire?
the Byzantine emperor appointed the patriarch , or highest Church official
the Eastern Roman Empire became known as what?
the Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire
how long did the Mongols rule Russia?
the Golden Horde ruled Russia for 240 years
describe the split between eastern and western Christianity in 1054
the Great Schism was the split between eastern and western Christianity. a dispute over the use of icons, or holy images, caused the split in the Church during the Middle Ages
which group of people infiltrated Eastern Europe in the early 1200's?
the Mongols armies led into Russia by Batu were known as the Golden Horde
who were believed to be the first peoples to settle in Russia?
the Slavs were the first people to settle in Russia along the fertile band of land that includes the present-day country of Ukraine.
when did the Vikings arrive in Russia?
the Vikings, whom the Russians called Vararngians, arrived in Russia between 700 and 800
what was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
the capital city of the Byzantine Empire was Constantinople
as Mongol power declined, who took on a new role as patriotic defenders of Russia against foreign rule?
the princess of Russia acted as patriotic defenderes of Russia
why were the Mongols known as the Golden Horde?
they were known as the Golden Horde because of the color of their tents
