World History 1 SOL

When did Homo Sapiens emerge?

100,000 to 400,000 years ago

What is the Dome of the Rock used as?

A muslim mosque

Accounting during the Renaissance was helped by -

Arabic numerals

Who are the Greek Geeks for science?

Archimedes and Hippocrates

Who is Apollo?

Artemis's twin, God of the Sun

What was not one of the purposes of the Christian monasteries during the early Middle Ages?

Enforcing civil law

Where does the Persian Empire extend to?

From North Africa to the edge of India

What was the ultimate cause of the fall of the Roman Empire?

Germanic Invasions

Who is Aphrodite?

Goddess of Beauty and love

Where was the capital of the ancient Roman Empire located?

Italy

Who is Zeus?

King of the Gods and the Sky

Who was the Greek Geek for sculptures?

Phidias

What does diaspora mean?

Spread

Gutenberg's noted invention helped to -

Spread books in Europe

Who created cuneiform?

Sumerians

At its height, the Western Roman Empire included what?

Territory across Europe to the British Isles

Byzantine influence on the Slavs was made easier by the development of what?

The Cyrillic alphabet

What was Greece located near?

The Mediterranean Sea, The Black Sea, the Peloponnesesu peninsula, Dardanelles, Asia Minor

A major result of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 was -

The end of the Byzantine Empire

What was the life of early societies shaped by?

Their physical environment

Education became more secular during the Renaissance. What does this mean?

Those outside the church took over education

Scandinavians who invaded Europe were called what?

Vikings

A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that the Byzantines -

preserved Greek and Roman learning for western and eastern Europe

When was agriculture developed?

the Neolithic revolution

What were cities during the Neolithic era like?

they developed agriculture, domesticated animals, used advanced tools, made pottery, and developed weaving skills

When was the Persian war?

499 to 449 BCE

What is Catalhoyuk?

A Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia

The Sunni-Shi'a division of the Islamic religion was a result of what?

A dispute over who would be caliph

Who was the founder of Judaism?

Abraham

Machiavelli supported the idea of what through his writings in the Prince?

Absolute power

Who were the two Greek Geeks for Drama?

Aeschylus and Sophocles

Where did hominids migrate from?

Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas

Which individual was responsible for the creation and spread of Hellenistic culture throughout the Greek empire?

Alexander the Great

How was Hinduism spread?

Along major trade routes

Where was the Phoenician civilization located?

Along the Mediterranean coast

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Apollo, God of Prophesy, Music, and Healing?

Apollo

What was a unifying factor for the spread of Islam?

Arab language

Where did Islam originate?

Arabian Peninsula

Which emperor continued the unification of India, spread Buddhism, and created free hospitals, veterinary clinics, and good roads?

Asoka

Who was the main leader of the Mauryan Empire?

Asoka

What left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea?

Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis

What cities were important to Greece?

Athens, Sparta and Troy

Who was a victorious in a Roman Civil War, defeated Marc Anthony, and was Rome's first emperor?

Augustus Caesar

Where was Greece located?

Balkan peninsula, Europe

Jewish and Christian beliefs differ from Greco-Roman traditions in matters of the importance of -

Belief in one God

What were the main beliefs of Confucianism?

Believed that humans are good, respect for elders, code of politeness, emphasis on education, ancestor worship, spread of Buddhism, and Yin/yang

Where was the Hebrew civilization located?

Between the Mediterranean coast and the Jordan River Valley

Mesopotamia, the Italian Peninsula, and Constantinople were all protected by -

Bodies of water

What do Axum and Ancient Egypt share?

Both were located on the Nile River

What was Athens known for?

Brains

Shinto is practiced in Japan and coexists with which other religion?

Buddhism

How did the Magna Carta benefit the people of England?

By taking power away from the King, the English nobles would have more rights

Roman political, economic, and cultural influence reached new heights after defeating the -

Carthaginians

By 800, which Emperor had conquered all of France and half of Italy?

Charlemagne

All of the following were true of the Age of Charlemagne except what?

Charles Martel became king of the Franks

The foundation for the rise of universities in Europe was laid by whom?

Church scholars

The Mayans were similar to the Greeks due to the development of -

City-states

Sam is a young boy who wants to get an education. If he lived in Europe during the Middle Ages, which career should he join to become formally educated?

Clergy

What was special about Greece's architecture?

Columns

The decisions of judges in England's royal courts formed a body of law known as what?

Common law

What caused the Peloponnesian War?

Competitiion between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece

What were the Gupta achievements in astronomy?

Concept of earth as round

Ancestor worship is an important part of -

Confucianism

What were the two main religions in China?

Confucianism and Taoism

Who was an emperor of Rome, converted to Chrisitanity, legalized Christianity in Rome, and moved the Roman capital to Byzantium?

Constantine

Where was the Church of Holy Wisdom located?

Constantinople and today is called the Hagia Sophia

What league was in Athens?

Delian League

One way in which the civilizations of the Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and the Maya were similar is that each -

Developed extensive writing systems

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Artemis, Goddess of Hunt?

Diana

What were the main characteristics of Athens?

Direct democracy, public debate, duties of citizens

What type of column is used in the Parthenon?

Doric

What are the three types of columns?

Doric, Ionian, and Corinthian

Who were the two Athenian tyrants who worked for reform?

Draco and Solon

What was the ruling system of China?

Dynasties

Where is the Huang He River located?

East Asia

Which religion contributed to the unification of Russia?

Eastern Orthodox

What civilization is along the Nile River valley (Africa)?

Egypt

Where is the home of the Pharaohs located?

Egypt

Who used Hieroglyphics?

Egyptians

What Northern Renaissance writer wrote The Praise of Folly that criticized the Pope and church as being corrupt?

Erasmus

Ancient Greece spread Greek culture to areas around the Mediterranean Sea by -

Establishing colonies

What did Pericles do?

Extended democracy; most males had equal voice. He also rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars.

True or False: After Solomon death, the twelve Israelite tribes divided themselves between Jerusalem & Judah.

False

In which region would you find cities like Jericho and Aleppo?

Fertile Crescent (Between Asia Minor and the Arabian Peninsula)

A teacher using the Socratic method would most likely do what?

Force students to defend their statements

What do Archaeologists use for carbon dating?

Fossils and carbon

In which modern nation did the Battle of Tours occur?

France

Who is Artemis?

Goddess of the moon, the hunt, and hunting

Who is Athena?

Goddess of wisdom and battle craft

Which of the following was an important impact of Ancient Greece and Rome on Western Civilization?

Greek sculpture and Roman architecture were much admired and copied in the 18th and 19th centuries

Who won the Persian war?

Greeks

The concepts of zero and infinity were developed during the reign of the ______ in India.

Gupta

Christianity and Islam, the world's two largest monotheistic religions, trace their origins to the-

Hebrews

What early civilization that we learned about was Monotheistic?

Hebrews

What culture did Greece help spread?

Hellenic Culture

What are the characteristics of civilizations?

Hereditary rulers, rigid caste system (slavery), development of political patters, world's first states (city-states, kingdoms, empires), centralized government, written law code, economic patterns, metal tools and weapons, food surplus, and trade

Who were the two Greek Geeks for history?

Herodotus and Thucydides

Who was the Greek Geek that was known for poetry?

Homer

Where is the Chinese civilization located?

Huang He River

What were the main beliefs of Toaism?

Humility, simple life and inner peace, harmony with nature, and Yin/yang

Where are Aleppo and Jericho located?

In the Fertile Crescent

What Andean civilization created a center for worship at Machu Picchu?

Inca

What were some of the results of the crusades?

Increased demand for Middle Eastern products, more goodos produced in Europe to trade in Middle East, and use of credit with expanded banks

Where did Hinduism start?

India

Where is the Indian civilization located?

Indus River Valley

Where were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro?

Indus River Valley

Which religion spread through half of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Asia Minor, and some of the Middle East?

Islam

What happened to Athenian culture during the Classic Era?

It became one of the foundation stones of Western Civilization

How was the agriculture in Greece?

It had limited arable land

What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China?

It protected China from invaders (mainly the Mongols)

Why was the peninsula of Constantinople in such a strategic place?

It provided an easily fortified site on a peninsula bordering a natural harbor

How was the economy of Greece?

It shifted from a barter to a money economy (coins)

What was the Peloponnesian War caused by?

It was caused by the control for the Greek world

The Crusades began when Pope Urban asked knights to fight the Muslims to take control of what?

Jerusalem

What Renaissance man was the 1st to use the movable type to print books?

Johannes Gutenburg

What happened March 15th, 44 BC?

Julius Ceaser dies

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Hera, Goddess of Marriage?

Juno

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Zeus, the Supreme God?

Jupiter

Many of Europe's early legal codes are based on codifying Roman law by -

Justinian

What does exile mean?

Kicked out

A major civilization in East Africa that was a contemporary of the Egyptians was what?

Kush

What does Mesopotamia mean?

Land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

What was the official language of the early Christian church?

Latin

A significant contribution of the Pax Romana to Europe has been in the area of -

Law

What Renaissance man was an architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, scientist, anatomy, and inventor, but is most famously known for his creation of the Last Supper and Mona Lisa?

Leonardo da Vinci

What other civilization was important to Greece?

Macedonia

What followed the weakening Greece defenses during the Peloponnesian Wars?

Macedonian conquest

What Renaissance author declared, "and in the actions of men, and especially of princes, . . . the end justifies the means" and wrote the Prince?

Machiavelli

Which group invaded the modern nation of Hungary around the 10th century?

Magyars

What did Chinese rulers follow?

Mandate of Heaven

What were the main beliefs in Hinduism?

Many forms of one God, reincarnation, karma, Vedas and Upanishads

What does Polytheistic mean?

Many gods

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Ares, God of War?

Mars

What were the contributions of the Gupta Empire?

Math, medical advances, astronomy, new textiles, and literature

Which group is most responsible for uniting India?

Mauryan

What kingdom's ruins are often difficult to find because of their location in a dense, rapidly growing rainforest?

Maya

Who constructed pyramids?

Mayans

What were the major differences between Medieval art and Renaissance art?

Medieval art is more religious/cartoonish looking, while renaissance art is realistic art that depices events through depth

What Renaissance painter and sculptor created St. Peter's Basilica and frescos on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican?

Michelangelo

What was Sparta known for?

Military

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Athena, Goddess of Childbirth, War, and Domestic Arts?

Minerva

The first stage in Athenian government was a(n) -

Monarchy

What was the order of the Athenian government?

Monarchy, Aristocracy (oligarchy), tyranny, democracy

What made Judaism unique?

Monotheistic, Torah, Ten Commandments, exile, diaspora

What helped shape the city-states of Greece?

Mountains

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Poseidon, God of the Sea?

Neptune

When were early settlements in the Fertile Crescent built?

New Stone Age/Neolithic Era

What was the Spartan government?

Oligarchy

What does Monotheistic mean?

One god

The Harappan civilization is located in modern day ___________.

Pakistan

The cave paintings found in France were most likely created by whom?

Paleolithic Man

Which early civilization was tolerant of the people they conquered?

Persians

Who invented the imperial bureaucracy?

Persians

Who fought in the Persian war?

Persians and Greeks

What Italian Renaissance writer wrote sonnets about daily life?

Petrach

Which early civilization created the 22 character alphabet?

Phoenicians

What type of religion was Greek Mythology?

Polytheistic

A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that the Byzantines -

Preserved Greek and Roman learning for western and eastern Europe

What Chinese ruler created the Great Wall of China?

Qin Shi Huangdi

What Renaissance painter did beautiful frescos at the Vatican and School of Athens?

Raphael

How did Justinian expand the Byzantine Empire?

Reconquered former Roman terrorites

A major difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance was that the Northern artists portrayed more what?

Religious subjects

Which best describes the first form of government in Roman history?

Republic

What were the main characteristics of Sparta?

Rigid social structure; and militaristic and aggressive society

What became the unifying force in western Europe after Roman authority declined?

Roman Catholic Church

What is being decribed in this, "Assemblies, The Senate, Consuls, and Twelve Tables"?

Roman democracy

The Himalayas are to the Indus River Civilization as the Alps are to -

Rome

What was the most important thoroughfare that reached from Persia to Asia Minor covering 1500 miles?

Royal Road

Where did Ivan the Great build his empire?

Russia

What were the Vedas and Upanishads?

Sacred writings

Less is known about the Harappans than the Egyptians or Mesopotamian because of what?

Scientists inability to decipher their pictograms

What were the Gupta achievements in medical advances?

Set bones

What did the Peloponnesian war result in?

Showing of cultural advance and weakening of political power

Who created Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

Who developed the philosophy that said, "Life means suffering. The orgin of suffering is attachment. The cessation of suffering is attianable. The path to the cessation of suffering."?

Siddhartha Gautama (Buddhism)

What were the achievements of the Chinese?

Silk Road, civil service system, paper, porcelain, and silk

What Northern Renaissance humanist writer wrote Utopia?

Sir Thomas More

Who were the Greek Geeks for philosophy?

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

Where is the Indus River Valley located?

South Asia

Where are the Tigris and Euphrates rivers located?

Southwest Asia

What sea is Greece located near?

The Aegean Sea Basin

Who created India and created one of the first caste systems?

The Aryans

Which battle halted the spread of Islam into Western Europe?

The Battle of Tours

What happened during 1453?

The Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks

What does Ye Shib (Chinese scholar) referring to when he says "Beginning with childhood, all of man's study is centered on one aim alone- to emerge successfully from the three days' examination- all he has in his mind is what success can bring to him in terms of power, influence, and prestige."?

The Civil Service System

What is an Islamic piece of architecture, built in Jerusalem?

The Dome of the Rock

What were the main beliefs of Buddhism?

The Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold Path to Enlightenment

What did Homer write?

The Iliad and the Odyssey

What is another name for the Torah?

The Old Testament

What league was in Sparta?

The Peloponnesian League

Which early civilization had a large road system?

The Persians

Who developed imperial bureaucracy?

The Persians

Which statement supports the Pope's power during the Middle Ages?

The Pope's power increased as secular authority in Rome declined

What happened 476 CE?

The Roman Empire fell

What geographic feature was a barrier between West African kingdoms and the Muslim Empire?

The Sahara Desert

The Hebrew religion and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by-

The Torah and Diaspora

What was the Torah?

The book of Judaism

What happened during 1054?

The church split into East and West

What were the Gupta achievements in math?

The concept of zero

What did the expansion of Greece led to?

The spread of Hellenic culture

Where was the Nubian civilization located?

The upper Nile River

A major difference between the Eastern Church and the Western Church was -

The use of Latin or Greek

What did most early civilizations have in common when it came to religion?

They were Polytheistic

What were early societies during the Paleolithic Era like?

They were nomadic, invented the first tools, learned to make and use fire, lived in clans, developed oral language, and created "cave art"

What are pictorams?

They were the earliest form of writing.

By 1000 C.E., one of Russia's most important trade routes was -

Through the Black Sea

Who wrote, "History of the Peloponnesian War?"

Thucydides

The purpose of Machiavelli's, The Prince, was to tell rulers -

To do whatever is necessary to keep their power

Many archaeologists believe that writing developed to do what?

To pass on information, record trading transactions, and record laws

What did people of the Zoroastrianism believe in?

Two opposing forces

Who is the Roman Counterpart to Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Fertility?

Venus

What Northern Renaissance playwrighter wrote about medieval legends and the history of England?

William Shakespeare

Who was the feudal lord who invaded and conquered England in 1066?

William of Normandy

Who is Hera?

Zeus's wife, goddess of marriage and peacocks

What was the religion of the Persians?

Zoroastrianism

Jewish and Christian beliefs differ from Greco-Roman traditions in matters of the importance of -

belief in one God