World History 1 SOL
When did Homo Sapiens emerge?
100,000 to 400,000 years ago
What is the Dome of the Rock used as?
A muslim mosque
Accounting during the Renaissance was helped by -
Arabic numerals
Who are the Greek Geeks for science?
Archimedes and Hippocrates
Who is Apollo?
Artemis's twin, God of the Sun
What was not one of the purposes of the Christian monasteries during the early Middle Ages?
Enforcing civil law
Where does the Persian Empire extend to?
From North Africa to the edge of India
What was the ultimate cause of the fall of the Roman Empire?
Germanic Invasions
Who is Aphrodite?
Goddess of Beauty and love
Where was the capital of the ancient Roman Empire located?
Italy
Who is Zeus?
King of the Gods and the Sky
Who was the Greek Geek for sculptures?
Phidias
What does diaspora mean?
Spread
Gutenberg's noted invention helped to -
Spread books in Europe
Who created cuneiform?
Sumerians
At its height, the Western Roman Empire included what?
Territory across Europe to the British Isles
Byzantine influence on the Slavs was made easier by the development of what?
The Cyrillic alphabet
What was Greece located near?
The Mediterranean Sea, The Black Sea, the Peloponnesesu peninsula, Dardanelles, Asia Minor
A major result of the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453 was -
The end of the Byzantine Empire
What was the life of early societies shaped by?
Their physical environment
Education became more secular during the Renaissance. What does this mean?
Those outside the church took over education
Scandinavians who invaded Europe were called what?
Vikings
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that the Byzantines -
preserved Greek and Roman learning for western and eastern Europe
When was agriculture developed?
the Neolithic revolution
What were cities during the Neolithic era like?
they developed agriculture, domesticated animals, used advanced tools, made pottery, and developed weaving skills
When was the Persian war?
499 to 449 BCE
What is Catalhoyuk?
A Neolithic settlement currently under excavation in Anatolia
The Sunni-Shi'a division of the Islamic religion was a result of what?
A dispute over who would be caliph
Who was the founder of Judaism?
Abraham
Machiavelli supported the idea of what through his writings in the Prince?
Absolute power
Who were the two Greek Geeks for Drama?
Aeschylus and Sophocles
Where did hominids migrate from?
Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas
Which individual was responsible for the creation and spread of Hellenistic culture throughout the Greek empire?
Alexander the Great
How was Hinduism spread?
Along major trade routes
Where was the Phoenician civilization located?
Along the Mediterranean coast
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Apollo, God of Prophesy, Music, and Healing?
Apollo
What was a unifying factor for the spread of Islam?
Arab language
Where did Islam originate?
Arabian Peninsula
Which emperor continued the unification of India, spread Buddhism, and created free hospitals, veterinary clinics, and good roads?
Asoka
Who was the main leader of the Mauryan Empire?
Asoka
What left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea?
Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis
What cities were important to Greece?
Athens, Sparta and Troy
Who was a victorious in a Roman Civil War, defeated Marc Anthony, and was Rome's first emperor?
Augustus Caesar
Where was Greece located?
Balkan peninsula, Europe
Jewish and Christian beliefs differ from Greco-Roman traditions in matters of the importance of -
Belief in one God
What were the main beliefs of Confucianism?
Believed that humans are good, respect for elders, code of politeness, emphasis on education, ancestor worship, spread of Buddhism, and Yin/yang
Where was the Hebrew civilization located?
Between the Mediterranean coast and the Jordan River Valley
Mesopotamia, the Italian Peninsula, and Constantinople were all protected by -
Bodies of water
What do Axum and Ancient Egypt share?
Both were located on the Nile River
What was Athens known for?
Brains
Shinto is practiced in Japan and coexists with which other religion?
Buddhism
How did the Magna Carta benefit the people of England?
By taking power away from the King, the English nobles would have more rights
Roman political, economic, and cultural influence reached new heights after defeating the -
Carthaginians
By 800, which Emperor had conquered all of France and half of Italy?
Charlemagne
All of the following were true of the Age of Charlemagne except what?
Charles Martel became king of the Franks
The foundation for the rise of universities in Europe was laid by whom?
Church scholars
The Mayans were similar to the Greeks due to the development of -
City-states
Sam is a young boy who wants to get an education. If he lived in Europe during the Middle Ages, which career should he join to become formally educated?
Clergy
What was special about Greece's architecture?
Columns
The decisions of judges in England's royal courts formed a body of law known as what?
Common law
What caused the Peloponnesian War?
Competitiion between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece
What were the Gupta achievements in astronomy?
Concept of earth as round
Ancestor worship is an important part of -
Confucianism
What were the two main religions in China?
Confucianism and Taoism
Who was an emperor of Rome, converted to Chrisitanity, legalized Christianity in Rome, and moved the Roman capital to Byzantium?
Constantine
Where was the Church of Holy Wisdom located?
Constantinople and today is called the Hagia Sophia
What league was in Athens?
Delian League
One way in which the civilizations of the Sumerians, the Phoenicians, and the Maya were similar is that each -
Developed extensive writing systems
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Artemis, Goddess of Hunt?
Diana
What were the main characteristics of Athens?
Direct democracy, public debate, duties of citizens
What type of column is used in the Parthenon?
Doric
What are the three types of columns?
Doric, Ionian, and Corinthian
Who were the two Athenian tyrants who worked for reform?
Draco and Solon
What was the ruling system of China?
Dynasties
Where is the Huang He River located?
East Asia
Which religion contributed to the unification of Russia?
Eastern Orthodox
What civilization is along the Nile River valley (Africa)?
Egypt
Where is the home of the Pharaohs located?
Egypt
Who used Hieroglyphics?
Egyptians
What Northern Renaissance writer wrote The Praise of Folly that criticized the Pope and church as being corrupt?
Erasmus
Ancient Greece spread Greek culture to areas around the Mediterranean Sea by -
Establishing colonies
What did Pericles do?
Extended democracy; most males had equal voice. He also rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars.
True or False: After Solomon death, the twelve Israelite tribes divided themselves between Jerusalem & Judah.
False
In which region would you find cities like Jericho and Aleppo?
Fertile Crescent (Between Asia Minor and the Arabian Peninsula)
A teacher using the Socratic method would most likely do what?
Force students to defend their statements
What do Archaeologists use for carbon dating?
Fossils and carbon
In which modern nation did the Battle of Tours occur?
France
Who is Artemis?
Goddess of the moon, the hunt, and hunting
Who is Athena?
Goddess of wisdom and battle craft
Which of the following was an important impact of Ancient Greece and Rome on Western Civilization?
Greek sculpture and Roman architecture were much admired and copied in the 18th and 19th centuries
Who won the Persian war?
Greeks
The concepts of zero and infinity were developed during the reign of the ______ in India.
Gupta
Christianity and Islam, the world's two largest monotheistic religions, trace their origins to the-
Hebrews
What early civilization that we learned about was Monotheistic?
Hebrews
What culture did Greece help spread?
Hellenic Culture
What are the characteristics of civilizations?
Hereditary rulers, rigid caste system (slavery), development of political patters, world's first states (city-states, kingdoms, empires), centralized government, written law code, economic patterns, metal tools and weapons, food surplus, and trade
Who were the two Greek Geeks for history?
Herodotus and Thucydides
Who was the Greek Geek that was known for poetry?
Homer
Where is the Chinese civilization located?
Huang He River
What were the main beliefs of Toaism?
Humility, simple life and inner peace, harmony with nature, and Yin/yang
Where are Aleppo and Jericho located?
In the Fertile Crescent
What Andean civilization created a center for worship at Machu Picchu?
Inca
What were some of the results of the crusades?
Increased demand for Middle Eastern products, more goodos produced in Europe to trade in Middle East, and use of credit with expanded banks
Where did Hinduism start?
India
Where is the Indian civilization located?
Indus River Valley
Where were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro?
Indus River Valley
Which religion spread through half of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Asia Minor, and some of the Middle East?
Islam
What happened to Athenian culture during the Classic Era?
It became one of the foundation stones of Western Civilization
How was the agriculture in Greece?
It had limited arable land
What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China?
It protected China from invaders (mainly the Mongols)
Why was the peninsula of Constantinople in such a strategic place?
It provided an easily fortified site on a peninsula bordering a natural harbor
How was the economy of Greece?
It shifted from a barter to a money economy (coins)
What was the Peloponnesian War caused by?
It was caused by the control for the Greek world
The Crusades began when Pope Urban asked knights to fight the Muslims to take control of what?
Jerusalem
What Renaissance man was the 1st to use the movable type to print books?
Johannes Gutenburg
What happened March 15th, 44 BC?
Julius Ceaser dies
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Hera, Goddess of Marriage?
Juno
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Zeus, the Supreme God?
Jupiter
Many of Europe's early legal codes are based on codifying Roman law by -
Justinian
What does exile mean?
Kicked out
A major civilization in East Africa that was a contemporary of the Egyptians was what?
Kush
What does Mesopotamia mean?
Land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
What was the official language of the early Christian church?
Latin
A significant contribution of the Pax Romana to Europe has been in the area of -
Law
What Renaissance man was an architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, scientist, anatomy, and inventor, but is most famously known for his creation of the Last Supper and Mona Lisa?
Leonardo da Vinci
What other civilization was important to Greece?
Macedonia
What followed the weakening Greece defenses during the Peloponnesian Wars?
Macedonian conquest
What Renaissance author declared, "and in the actions of men, and especially of princes, . . . the end justifies the means" and wrote the Prince?
Machiavelli
Which group invaded the modern nation of Hungary around the 10th century?
Magyars
What did Chinese rulers follow?
Mandate of Heaven
What were the main beliefs in Hinduism?
Many forms of one God, reincarnation, karma, Vedas and Upanishads
What does Polytheistic mean?
Many gods
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Ares, God of War?
Mars
What were the contributions of the Gupta Empire?
Math, medical advances, astronomy, new textiles, and literature
Which group is most responsible for uniting India?
Mauryan
What kingdom's ruins are often difficult to find because of their location in a dense, rapidly growing rainforest?
Maya
Who constructed pyramids?
Mayans
What were the major differences between Medieval art and Renaissance art?
Medieval art is more religious/cartoonish looking, while renaissance art is realistic art that depices events through depth
What Renaissance painter and sculptor created St. Peter's Basilica and frescos on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican?
Michelangelo
What was Sparta known for?
Military
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Athena, Goddess of Childbirth, War, and Domestic Arts?
Minerva
The first stage in Athenian government was a(n) -
Monarchy
What was the order of the Athenian government?
Monarchy, Aristocracy (oligarchy), tyranny, democracy
What made Judaism unique?
Monotheistic, Torah, Ten Commandments, exile, diaspora
What helped shape the city-states of Greece?
Mountains
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Poseidon, God of the Sea?
Neptune
When were early settlements in the Fertile Crescent built?
New Stone Age/Neolithic Era
What was the Spartan government?
Oligarchy
What does Monotheistic mean?
One god
The Harappan civilization is located in modern day ___________.
Pakistan
The cave paintings found in France were most likely created by whom?
Paleolithic Man
Which early civilization was tolerant of the people they conquered?
Persians
Who invented the imperial bureaucracy?
Persians
Who fought in the Persian war?
Persians and Greeks
What Italian Renaissance writer wrote sonnets about daily life?
Petrach
Which early civilization created the 22 character alphabet?
Phoenicians
What type of religion was Greek Mythology?
Polytheistic
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that the Byzantines -
Preserved Greek and Roman learning for western and eastern Europe
What Chinese ruler created the Great Wall of China?
Qin Shi Huangdi
What Renaissance painter did beautiful frescos at the Vatican and School of Athens?
Raphael
How did Justinian expand the Byzantine Empire?
Reconquered former Roman terrorites
A major difference between the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance was that the Northern artists portrayed more what?
Religious subjects
Which best describes the first form of government in Roman history?
Republic
What were the main characteristics of Sparta?
Rigid social structure; and militaristic and aggressive society
What became the unifying force in western Europe after Roman authority declined?
Roman Catholic Church
What is being decribed in this, "Assemblies, The Senate, Consuls, and Twelve Tables"?
Roman democracy
The Himalayas are to the Indus River Civilization as the Alps are to -
Rome
What was the most important thoroughfare that reached from Persia to Asia Minor covering 1500 miles?
Royal Road
Where did Ivan the Great build his empire?
Russia
What were the Vedas and Upanishads?
Sacred writings
Less is known about the Harappans than the Egyptians or Mesopotamian because of what?
Scientists inability to decipher their pictograms
What were the Gupta achievements in medical advances?
Set bones
What did the Peloponnesian war result in?
Showing of cultural advance and weakening of political power
Who created Buddhism?
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
Who developed the philosophy that said, "Life means suffering. The orgin of suffering is attachment. The cessation of suffering is attianable. The path to the cessation of suffering."?
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddhism)
What were the achievements of the Chinese?
Silk Road, civil service system, paper, porcelain, and silk
What Northern Renaissance humanist writer wrote Utopia?
Sir Thomas More
Who were the Greek Geeks for philosophy?
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
Where is the Indus River Valley located?
South Asia
Where are the Tigris and Euphrates rivers located?
Southwest Asia
What sea is Greece located near?
The Aegean Sea Basin
Who created India and created one of the first caste systems?
The Aryans
Which battle halted the spread of Islam into Western Europe?
The Battle of Tours
What happened during 1453?
The Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks
What does Ye Shib (Chinese scholar) referring to when he says "Beginning with childhood, all of man's study is centered on one aim alone- to emerge successfully from the three days' examination- all he has in his mind is what success can bring to him in terms of power, influence, and prestige."?
The Civil Service System
What is an Islamic piece of architecture, built in Jerusalem?
The Dome of the Rock
What were the main beliefs of Buddhism?
The Four Noble Truths and the Eight-fold Path to Enlightenment
What did Homer write?
The Iliad and the Odyssey
What is another name for the Torah?
The Old Testament
What league was in Sparta?
The Peloponnesian League
Which early civilization had a large road system?
The Persians
Who developed imperial bureaucracy?
The Persians
Which statement supports the Pope's power during the Middle Ages?
The Pope's power increased as secular authority in Rome declined
What happened 476 CE?
The Roman Empire fell
What geographic feature was a barrier between West African kingdoms and the Muslim Empire?
The Sahara Desert
The Hebrew religion and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by-
The Torah and Diaspora
What was the Torah?
The book of Judaism
What happened during 1054?
The church split into East and West
What were the Gupta achievements in math?
The concept of zero
What did the expansion of Greece led to?
The spread of Hellenic culture
Where was the Nubian civilization located?
The upper Nile River
A major difference between the Eastern Church and the Western Church was -
The use of Latin or Greek
What did most early civilizations have in common when it came to religion?
They were Polytheistic
What were early societies during the Paleolithic Era like?
They were nomadic, invented the first tools, learned to make and use fire, lived in clans, developed oral language, and created "cave art"
What are pictorams?
They were the earliest form of writing.
By 1000 C.E., one of Russia's most important trade routes was -
Through the Black Sea
Who wrote, "History of the Peloponnesian War?"
Thucydides
The purpose of Machiavelli's, The Prince, was to tell rulers -
To do whatever is necessary to keep their power
Many archaeologists believe that writing developed to do what?
To pass on information, record trading transactions, and record laws
What did people of the Zoroastrianism believe in?
Two opposing forces
Who is the Roman Counterpart to Aphrodite, Goddess of Love, Beauty, and Fertility?
Venus
What Northern Renaissance playwrighter wrote about medieval legends and the history of England?
William Shakespeare
Who was the feudal lord who invaded and conquered England in 1066?
William of Normandy
Who is Hera?
Zeus's wife, goddess of marriage and peacocks
What was the religion of the Persians?
Zoroastrianism
Jewish and Christian beliefs differ from Greco-Roman traditions in matters of the importance of -
belief in one God