World History B Final Exam
Nicaragua
A country in Central America
Salt March
A march led by Gandhi to the sea to protest British salt tax
Bolsheviks
A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917
Axis Powers
Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II
What were some of the causes of World War ||?
Appeasement, rose of facism, militarism, and nationalism
Panama Canal
Built by the United States, opened in 1914 and was one of the world's greatest engineering feats of its time
Afrikaners
Dutch, French, and German settlers and their descendants in South Africa
Luftwaffe
German Air Force
Great Leap Forward
Mao Zedong's attempt to build Chinese industry and agriculture
V-E Day
May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
Zimmerman Note
Message that contained a German proposal to Mexico for an anti-American alliance
Domino Theory
The US theory that stated, if one country would fall to Communism then they all would.
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty that ended WW I, blamed Germany for WW I and called for reparations
Vietnam
a country in Southeast Asia
Untied Nations
an organization of countries that work together to keep peace
capital
money available for investment
wabenzi
wealthy people in East African countries
labor union
workers' organization
oligarchy
"the rule of the few;" a form of government in which a select group of people exercised control
Cuban Missile Crisis
13 day period in October 1962 when Soviet nuclear missile were pointed at the United States in Cuba
Treaty of Kanagawa
1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships
Yalta Conference
1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
Six-Day War
1967 war in which Israel seized the Sinai, the West Bank, Gaza, Jerusalem and the Golan Heights
Neutrality Acts
4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of future wars
Boxer Rebellion
A 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.
Marshall Plan
A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)
Suez Canal
A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
Triple Entente
A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years before World War I
Warsaw Pact
A military alliance, formed in 1955, of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite nations
Manhattan Project
A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.
Schlieffen Plan
A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
Roosevelt Corollary
Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs
What made World War I much more deadly than previous wars?
Advances in technology such as machine guns and poison gas
Allied Powers
Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II
D-Day
Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944
Triple Alliance
An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI
How did the Allied forces finally defeat the Germans?
Butler made some poor military choices. The huge productive capacity of the U.S helped. Allied bombing slowed German production and caused oil to become scarce.
Mao Zedong
Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976.
Concentration camps
Detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state (labor, work, and death)
Bangladesh
East Pakistan became this country
Bay of Pigs
Failed CIA operation in April 1961 to overthrow Castro and take over Cuba using Cuban exiles
What were the causes and effects of the civil war in Russia?
Failure of provisional gov. of Kerensky, the ground power of the Soviets, the treaty of Brest- Litovsk angered Russians, and the Bolsheviks wanted to wipe out all their enemies: Bolshevik victory over the whites and 14 million dead
Karl Marx
Father of Communism
Nelson Mandela
First black president of South Africa
Nehru
First prime minister of India
Hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
blitzkreig
German for "lightning war"; a swift and sudden military attack; used by the Germans during World War ||
Lusitania
Germany sank the British ship and caused the US to enter WWI
Mussolini
Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)
What happened on December 7, 1941?
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
Stalin
Leader of Russia during WWII
Mustafa "Ataturk" Kemal
Leader of Turkish nationalists who overthrew the last Ottoman sultan
Pol Pot
Leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, who terrorized the people of Cambodia throughout the 1970's
Ferdinand Marcos
Leader of the Philippines who was elected but ruled as a dictator
proletariat
Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production
Berlin Conference
Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa
MANIA
Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, and Assassination
What were some of the causes of World War 1?
Nationalism, imperialism, military is him creation of alliances; immediate cause: assassination of Arc Duke Francis Ferdinand by a Serb on June 28, 1900
Chiang Kai-shek
Nationalist Chinese leader
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Nuremberg Trials
One key set of trials held for certain Germans accused of war crimes
Appeasement
Satisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability
What caused Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union to stall?
Severe Russian winter
5-Year Plan
Stalin's plan to industrialize the USSR
Why was the Industrial Revolution a turning point in world history?
The Industrial Revolution changed where and how people lived and how they worked and traveled.
How did the allies mobilize all of their resources for the war effort?
The allies devoted all their resources to the war effort. Governments took a greater role in the economy. For example- factories were orders to make tanks instead of cars
What strategies did the Allies use to end the war with Japan?
The atomic bomb
Why was the development of railroads important to industrialization?
They allowed factory owners to ship raw materials and products quickly over land, not just by water.
Why did Europeans form alliances?
To promote peace by creating powerful combinations that no one would attack
Battle of the Bulge
WWII battle in which German forces launched a final counterattack in the west
Suez War of 1956
War between Israel and Egypt which resulted in Egypt losing control of the Sinai Peninsula
Fourteen Points
Woodrow Wilson's post WWI plan, most of which was rejected by European leaders following the war
What are three factors that led the United States to enter the war?
Zimmerman note, Russian revolution, and economic issues
indirect rule
a colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status
communism
a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
totalitarian state
a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens
psychoanalysis
a method by which a therapist and patient probe deeply into the patient's memory; by making the patient's conscious mind aware of repressed thoughts, healing can take place
reperation
a payment made to the victor by the vanquished to cover the costs of war
depression
a period of low economic activity and using unemployment
entrepeneur
a person who finds new business opportunities and new ways to make profits
tenement
a piece of land held by an owner
facism
a political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler
collectivization
a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government
socialism
a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production
armistice
a truce or an agreement to end fighting
total war
a war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefield
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
an agreement between nations to not attack one another
arms race
building up armies and stores of weapons to keep up with an enemy
Tai Ping Rebellion
caused by the failure of the Chinese government to deal with pressing internal economic problems, that led to a peasant revolt
direct rule
colonial government in which local elites were removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the colonizing country
Indira Gandhi
daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984)
dollar diplomacy
diplomacy that seeks to strengthen the power of a country or effects its purposes in foreign relations by the use of its finical resources
What factors led to the industrialization of other nations after Britain?
governments began funding for roads, bridges, railroads, etc. which gave jobs, money, and soon people began migrating to the inner cities to find work
propaganda
ideas that are spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.
prefecture
in the Japanese Meiji Restoration, a territory governed by its former daimyo lord
How did an agricultural revolution contribute to population growth?
increase in food, which increased population, which gave a labor force, which made food easier to farm, lowering prices
Eli Whitney
invented the cotton gin
What conditions in Britain paved the way for the Industrial Revolution?
natural resources, abundance of markets, increase in capital, and they had a colonial empire to spread goods throughout
Gandhi
political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule
mass production
production of goods in quantity usually by machinery
How did technological advances in transportation and communications affect the Industrial Revolution?
spread of goods, services, people, ideas and money faster and cheaper than before
Balfour Declaration
statement issued by Britain in 1917 favoring the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine
Holocaust
the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler
self-determination
the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will
bourgeoisie
the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people
Cold War
the period of political tension following World War || and ending with the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s
proletariat
the working class
Social Darwinism
theory used by Western nations in the late nineteenth century to justify their dominance; it was based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, "the survival of the fittest," and applied to modern human activities