World History B Final Exam

Nicaragua

A country in Central America

Salt March

A march led by Gandhi to the sea to protest British salt tax

Bolsheviks

A party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917

Axis Powers

Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II

What were some of the causes of World War ||?

Appeasement, rose of facism, militarism, and nationalism

Panama Canal

Built by the United States, opened in 1914 and was one of the world's greatest engineering feats of its time

Afrikaners

Dutch, French, and German settlers and their descendants in South Africa

Luftwaffe

German Air Force

Great Leap Forward

Mao Zedong's attempt to build Chinese industry and agriculture

V-E Day

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

Zimmerman Note

Message that contained a German proposal to Mexico for an anti-American alliance

Domino Theory

The US theory that stated, if one country would fall to Communism then they all would.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I, blamed Germany for WW I and called for reparations

Vietnam

a country in Southeast Asia

Untied Nations

an organization of countries that work together to keep peace

capital

money available for investment

wabenzi

wealthy people in East African countries

labor union

workers' organization

oligarchy

"the rule of the few;" a form of government in which a select group of people exercised control

Cuban Missile Crisis

13 day period in October 1962 when Soviet nuclear missile were pointed at the United States in Cuba

Treaty of Kanagawa

1854 treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships

Yalta Conference

1945 strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

Six-Day War

1967 war in which Israel seized the Sinai, the West Bank, Gaza, Jerusalem and the Golan Heights

Neutrality Acts

4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of future wars

Boxer Rebellion

A 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Marshall Plan

A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

Suez Canal

A human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

Triple Entente

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years before World War I

Warsaw Pact

A military alliance, formed in 1955, of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite nations

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

Schlieffen Plan

A strategy drawn up by Germany to avoid fighting a war on two fronts

Roosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe Doctrine asserting America's right to intervene in Latin American affairs

What made World War I much more deadly than previous wars?

Advances in technology such as machine guns and poison gas

Allied Powers

Alliance of Great Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and France during World War II

D-Day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

Triple Alliance

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI

How did the Allied forces finally defeat the Germans?

Butler made some poor military choices. The huge productive capacity of the U.S helped. Allied bombing slowed German production and caused oil to become scarce.

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976.

Concentration camps

Detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state (labor, work, and death)

Bangladesh

East Pakistan became this country

Bay of Pigs

Failed CIA operation in April 1961 to overthrow Castro and take over Cuba using Cuban exiles

What were the causes and effects of the civil war in Russia?

Failure of provisional gov. of Kerensky, the ground power of the Soviets, the treaty of Brest- Litovsk angered Russians, and the Bolsheviks wanted to wipe out all their enemies: Bolshevik victory over the whites and 14 million dead

Karl Marx

Father of Communism

Nelson Mandela

First black president of South Africa

Nehru

First prime minister of India

Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

blitzkreig

German for "lightning war"; a swift and sudden military attack; used by the Germans during World War ||

Lusitania

Germany sank the British ship and caused the US to enter WWI

Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator (1883-1945)

What happened on December 7, 1941?

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor

Stalin

Leader of Russia during WWII

Mustafa "Ataturk" Kemal

Leader of Turkish nationalists who overthrew the last Ottoman sultan

Pol Pot

Leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, who terrorized the people of Cambodia throughout the 1970's

Ferdinand Marcos

Leader of the Philippines who was elected but ruled as a dictator

proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Berlin Conference

Meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing Africa

MANIA

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, and Assassination

What were some of the causes of World War 1?

Nationalism, imperialism, military is him creation of alliances; immediate cause: assassination of Arc Duke Francis Ferdinand by a Serb on June 28, 1900

Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist Chinese leader

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Nuremberg Trials

One key set of trials held for certain Germans accused of war crimes

Appeasement

Satisfying reasonable demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability

What caused Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union to stall?

Severe Russian winter

5-Year Plan

Stalin's plan to industrialize the USSR

Why was the Industrial Revolution a turning point in world history?

The Industrial Revolution changed where and how people lived and how they worked and traveled.

How did the allies mobilize all of their resources for the war effort?

The allies devoted all their resources to the war effort. Governments took a greater role in the economy. For example- factories were orders to make tanks instead of cars

What strategies did the Allies use to end the war with Japan?

The atomic bomb

Why was the development of railroads important to industrialization?

They allowed factory owners to ship raw materials and products quickly over land, not just by water.

Why did Europeans form alliances?

To promote peace by creating powerful combinations that no one would attack

Battle of the Bulge

WWII battle in which German forces launched a final counterattack in the west

Suez War of 1956

War between Israel and Egypt which resulted in Egypt losing control of the Sinai Peninsula

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson's post WWI plan, most of which was rejected by European leaders following the war

What are three factors that led the United States to enter the war?

Zimmerman note, Russian revolution, and economic issues

indirect rule

a colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status

communism

a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership

totalitarian state

a government that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens

psychoanalysis

a method by which a therapist and patient probe deeply into the patient's memory; by making the patient's conscious mind aware of repressed thoughts, healing can take place

reperation

a payment made to the victor by the vanquished to cover the costs of war

depression

a period of low economic activity and using unemployment

entrepeneur

a person who finds new business opportunities and new ways to make profits

tenement

a piece of land held by an owner

facism

a political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler

collectivization

a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government

socialism

a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production

armistice

a truce or an agreement to end fighting

total war

a war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefield

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

an agreement between nations to not attack one another

arms race

building up armies and stores of weapons to keep up with an enemy

Tai Ping Rebellion

caused by the failure of the Chinese government to deal with pressing internal economic problems, that led to a peasant revolt

direct rule

colonial government in which local elites were removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the colonizing country

Indira Gandhi

daughter of Nehru who served as prime minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984)

dollar diplomacy

diplomacy that seeks to strengthen the power of a country or effects its purposes in foreign relations by the use of its finical resources

What factors led to the industrialization of other nations after Britain?

governments began funding for roads, bridges, railroads, etc. which gave jobs, money, and soon people began migrating to the inner cities to find work

propaganda

ideas that are spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

prefecture

in the Japanese Meiji Restoration, a territory governed by its former daimyo lord

How did an agricultural revolution contribute to population growth?

increase in food, which increased population, which gave a labor force, which made food easier to farm, lowering prices

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin

What conditions in Britain paved the way for the Industrial Revolution?

natural resources, abundance of markets, increase in capital, and they had a colonial empire to spread goods throughout

Gandhi

political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule

mass production

production of goods in quantity usually by machinery

How did technological advances in transportation and communications affect the Industrial Revolution?

spread of goods, services, people, ideas and money faster and cheaper than before

Balfour Declaration

statement issued by Britain in 1917 favoring the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine

Holocaust

the Nazi program of exterminating Jews under Hitler

self-determination

the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

bourgeoisie

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Cold War

the period of political tension following World War || and ending with the fall of Communism in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s

proletariat

the working class

Social Darwinism

theory used by Western nations in the late nineteenth century to justify their dominance; it was based on Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, "the survival of the fittest," and applied to modern human activities