World History- Ch. 25
The island on which Spanish colonists established their first plantation in the Caribbean and the Americas was
Hispaniola.
One of the major effects of the Fulani military expedition in Africa was the laying of the foundation for the creation of
Islamic states.
Which kingdom came to dominate the region around Lake Chad?
Kanem-Bornu
Around 1652 the Dutch conquered the __________, whom they pejoratively called the Hottentots.
Khoikhoi
Timbuktu was one of the most important commercial and cultural centers in the __________ and Songhay empires.
Mali
Soon after Spanish colonists established their first plantations in the islands, they expanded their operations into what area?
Mexico
After the eighth century, one of the largest markets for the sale of slaves was run by __________ merchants.
Muslim
In the seventeenth century, the Portuguese wanted to set up a colony to support large-scale slave trading in the kingdom of __________.
Ndongo
Sunni Ali created a navy patrol which important commercial highway?
Niger River
The earliest European slave traders in Africa came from what country?
Portugal
Which of the following islands was a Portuguese colony with sugar plantations?
Sao Tome
Why were African slaves typically not working on European fields?
Serfs and free peasants worked the land.
Why were slaves able to organize against their masters?
Slaves greatly outnumbered their masters.
In the mid-seventeenth century Kongo, how did the Portuguese help Kongo?
by repelling invaders
How did the kings of Ghana amass a large army and control west Africa?
by taxing and controlling the gold trade in the region
Who administrated the affairs of kinship groups?
clan leaders
European invaders used existing Mediterranean and Indian Ocean routes for slave trading and
created new routes across the Atlantic.
Which of the following best describes the language exercised by slave societies?
creole
A contributing factor to the end of slavery was the
decline of profitability.
The dispersal of African peoples and their descendants is known as the African __________.
diaspora
African law differed from European and Asian law because it
did not recognize private property.
Africans often purchased slaves to
enlarge their families.
One of the "benefits" of the slave trade for African peoples such as the Asante was accessing
firearms.
Which opportunity might slaves in Africa have within a generation?
freedom
In the trans-Saharan trade, the major trade commodity the kings of Ghana sought to control was __________.
gold
European ruling elites were able to extinguish rebellions because they had access to military forces, weapons, and __________.
horses
From 1500 to 1800 the population of sub-Saharan Africa
increased.
European expansion of the African slave trade created __________ that affected societies in the Atlantic Ocean basin.
involuntary migration
One reason that the Haitian revolution was important was that
it inspired other slaves to revolt.
One of the reasons Songhay rulers valued Islam was because
it was important for trade.
Much of the wealth collected by chieftains in the southern regions of Africa consisted of gold, silver, and __________.
ivory
The Songhay empire was preceded in west Africa by the __________ and the Mali empire.
kingdom of Ghana
Social units, such as those formed after the Bantu migration, that served as a basis of social and political organization are known as __________ groups.
kinship
Which of the following became the most important American crop in African agriculture due to its high production in tropical soils?
manioc
One of the reasons for the decline of slavery had to do with the rise of
manufacturing industries.
Runaway slaves were known as __________.
maroons
Most African slaves in Europe worked as __________, porters, or domestic servants.
miners
The Portuguese in the Kongo and Angola gave support to Christian priests and
missionaries.
Sunni Ali's Songhoy administration could be described as
organized.
Most slaves in Portugal's island colonies worked as
plantation laborers.
Even though some slaves were used as domestic servants, urban laborers, and miners, most were agricultural workers who labored on __________ in the Americans and the Caribbean.
plantations
Many Africans believed in a remote, creator god and
powerful spirits.
Which of the following crops was introduced to the North American South by slaves?
rice
Slaves demonstrated resistance to their situation in which of the following ways?
running away; sabotaging plantation equipment; working slower.
After the late seventeenth century, violence in Africa escalated when the African peoples increasingly traded __________ for firearms.
slaves
The most important commodity sought by the Portuguese was __________.
slaves
Which of the following did not occur during the middle passage?
spices were exchanged for gold.
Where did many maroons go to organize their communities?
swamps
Which word best describes African Muslims's belief system following European invasion?
syncretic
On his second voyage, Vasco da Gama
taxed the ruler of Kilwa.
The main reason plantation owners feared a slave uprising was
that the owners would be killed.
The largest number of African slaves were shipped to which region?
the Caribbean
Which group of Europeans did Queen Nzinga decide to work with in an attempt to expel colonizing powers?
the Dutch mariners
Which of these groups was concerned about the purity of Islam in Africa?
the Fulani
Which group of people did the Dutch easily enslave around 1652?
the Khoikhoi
The fall of the Songhay empire could be attributed to
the Moroccan army.
In which part of present-day United States may creole languages be found?
the South
Which of the following economic factors helped bring about the end of the slave system?
the cost of maintaining military forces to suppress slave revolts; the cost of maintaining slaves; the cost of purchasing slaves
Which of the following groups of people did the Spanish employ first for labor in the Caribbean and the Americas?
the indigenous peoples
Which of the following were shared features of the Caribbean and American plantations?
the production and export of commercial crops; a sharp, racial division of labor.
One of the reasons the population if sub-Saharan Africa increase was because
the supply of food staple improved.
Which area of Africa did Ghana rule over?
the west
One of the factors that enabled Europeans to take over parts of Africa was
their ability to form alliances and advance their own interests.
The western areas between Senegal and Angola were especially exposed to slave raiding because of
their closeness to slave ports.
How was the government of Kongo administered after it emerged in the fourteenth century?
through a centralized state
Why did Kongo's leaders convert to Christianity?
to facilitate trade with Portugal
African society in early modern times acquired new products and materials through __________ with European peoples.
trade
One of the major causes of the decline of Swahili cities was the disruption of their __________ patterns.
trade
To meet the demand for slaves in the western hemisphere, the Europeans developed a three-stage trading system called the __________ trade.
triangular
The earliest Portuguese slave raiders encountered __________ resistance from Africans.
violent
One of the reasons the Portuguese declared was with Kongo was because the Portuguese
wanted access to more profitable business south of the Kongo.
Which of the following was not among the adversities that slaves in the Caribbean and the Americas endured?
war
Who commonly became slaves in Africa?
war captives
After 1611, an increasing number of the people who became slaves via the slave trade in Ndongo were
war captives.
The Songhay empire dominated which part of Africa?
west
During the early days of the middle passage, the mortality rate for slaves on some ships exceeded __________%.
50
By the seventeenth century slaves were introduced into the North American mainland by the __________ colonists.
English
The capital city of the Songhay empire was __________.
Gao
Which of the following was one of the earliest kingdoms in Africa?
Ghana
Slaves were sometimes employed as
administrators; soldiers
Some Africans regarded the Christian missionaries they encountered as magicians and
adopted their religious symbols as charms against evil spirits.
The kingdom of Kanem-Bornu was located
around Lake Chad.
To retain power and wealth, Songhay rulers
built commercial trade centers.
Which of the following regions did Europeans look to for labor to supply their western hemisphere operations?
Africa
King Nzinga Mbemba of Kongo, who encouraged his subjects to convert to Christianity, was also known as
Alfonso I.
Queen Nzinga battled Europeans for forty years to keep them from establishing a colony in the kingdom if __________.
Angola
Dona Beatriz claimed that Saint __________ of Padura had possessed her to deliver his messages.
Anthony
The cult led by Dona Beatriz was known as the __________ movement.
Antonian
Which nation was the last to abolish slavery in the Americas?
Brazil
In what country was former slave Olaudah Equiano able to rally support for the abolitionist movement?
England
After their arrival in the Americas, many slaves changed their religion to
Christianity.
Woman soldiers were incorporated into the slave-raiding army in
Dahomey.
The first nation to abolish its part in the slave trade at the beginning of the nineteenth century was
Denmark.
What advantage did slaves in North America have over those in the Caribbean and Brazil?
Diseases were less threatening in North America.
The Songhay ruler who constructed an extensive military and administrative organization was __________ __________.
Sunni Ali
Which of the following did not pertain to lives of slaves in Africa?
They possessed civil rights.
How did Europeans provide labor for most of the plantations they established in the Americas?
They sought slaves from Africa.
During the fifteenth century Sunni Ali took control of the trading cities __________ and __________ to dominate the central Niger valley.
Timbuktu; Jenne
Which of the following explorers arrived on the eastern part of the African coast before 1500?
Vasco da Gama
One of the advantages of Africans interacting with European traders was the
access to European textiles.
