World History II Test 1
Compare and Contrast the Islamic Empires. How were they similar? How were the different? Where and with whom did they have conflict?
The Ottoman Empire and Mughal Empire both practiced Sunni Islam while the Safavid Empire practiced Shi'ite Islam. They all were a part of the Islamic trade routes. Ottomans had conflicts with Safavids, the Holy Roman Empire, and the Portuguese in Iraq and Europe. Safavids had a conflict with the Ottomans, Afghani, and Muscovy Empires in the Middle East. The Mughals had conflicts with Safavid Empire in Afghanistan.
In 1400, nine of the world's largest cities were in a) Asia b) Europe c) Africa d) South America
a) Asia
The founder of the Mughal empire was a) Babur, the Tiger b) Aurangzeb c) Christopher Columbus d) Joseph Dupleix
a) Babur, the Tiger
Between 1400 and 1800 the primary means of increasing capacity was a) Bringing more land into production b) Having more children c) creating new trade routes d) limiting population (birth control)
a) Bringing more land into production
. . . helped the Ottomans win their battles and sieges a) Cannons b) An advanced long distance navy c) Religious commitment d) The plague
a) Cannons
Safavid art was influenced by a) Chinese styles b) Aztec styles c) the fact that images of people were forbidden in the empire d) a need to avoid showing pictures of women and wine
a) Chinese styles
According to Crash Course, which of the following are true, a) Climate change and weather are not the same thing b) Climate change and weather are the same thing c) Sub-Saharan Africa experience no drought during the 17th century d) Sub-Saharan Africa did not experience rainfall during the 17th century
a) Climate change and weather are not the same thing
Before the Ottomans took Istanbul it was a) Constantinople, seat of eastern Orthodox Christianity b) Cairo seat of the ancient Egyptians c) Thebes, one to the most important Greek city states d) Carthage, home of the ancient challengers of the Romans
a) Constantinople, seat of eastern Orthodox Christianity
Between 1400 and 1800, one of the most critical challenges faced by farmers was a) How to put nitrogen in the soil b) How to exterminate exotic plant species c) the lack of fossil fuels such as coal d) how to prevent tigers and wolves from eating crops
a) How to put nitrogen in the soil
The Safavid and Ottoman Empires had conflict in a) Iraq b) Transylvania c) Afghanistan d) China
a) Iraq
The Swahili language is a) A combination of German and Hausa b) A Bantu based language with much Arabic vocabulary c) A combination of Hindu and Chinese d) A Semitic based language with much Japanese vocabulary
b) A Bantu based language with much Arabic vocabuary
Silk Road stretches from a) India to Iran b) China through India and Iran to what is now Turkey c) China to Afghanistan d) Spain through Austria and Russia to China
b) China through India and Iran to what is now Turkey
According to Crash Course, Babur was descended from a) Mao and Nkrumah b) Genghis Khan and Timur c) Buddha and Muhammad d) Selim and Shah Abbas
b) Genghis Khan and Timur
Shar'ia is a) Jewish law b) Islamic law c) the holy book of Islam d) the holy book of Judaism
b) Islamic law
Shari'a is a) one the secret names of the founders of Islam b) Islamic law c) one the most important prophets d) tradition
b) Islamic law
The Saadi Dynasty ruled a) India b) Morocco c) France d) Iraq
b) Morocco
Cheng He (Zheng He) was a) an important Japanese merchant b) a Chinese explorer c) an emperor during the Ming Dynasty d) the first shogun
b) a Chinese explorer
Timbuktu is/was a) A type of salt b) a port of the desert c) a type of Dhow d) the capital of the Swahili
b) a port of the desert
The Jiyza is a) a tax on the poor b) a tax on non-Muslims c) a tax on soldiers d) a tax on Sufis
b) a tax on non-Muslims
Overtime the Janissaries a) left the harem and entered into trade becoming powerful figures b) became a hereditary class c) sold their land and joined the Safavids d) formed an important group who tried to murder the sultan and his advisors
b) became a hereditary class
According to Crash Course, Aurangzeb a) was an extravagant ruler b) could be considered pious and frugal c) left the Mughal Empire d) established the British East India Company 1757
b) could be considered pious and frugal
The Ottoman Sultan provided a) Poetry and security b) justice and military protection c) tax free income d) water
b) justice and military protection
What were the major texts of Islam?
Qur'an
What were the major trade routes in Afro Eurasia?
Silk Road, Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan Trade, Mediterranean
Describe and compare the Empire of Songhay, Saadi, and the Swahili City States.
Songhay was based on agriculture and control of grade trade. The Saadi City States had a powerful army and strategic location. The Swahili City States has trading posts with strong Muslim influence with a blended culture.
What was the world like in 1400 and 1500? How did people feed themselves? What nutrient was essential to farming?
The world was mostly rural and relied on agriculture. People feed themselves by cultivating more farmland and somatic energy. Nitrogen was essential to farming.
Consider Du Huan, Leo Africanus, Judar Pasha, Mansa Musa and Cheng He. What do they tell us about movement in AfroEurasia? Be sure to be attention to the details of the Life of Leo Africanus and Du Huan.
These figures tell us about the diversity and movement of culture and religion in AfroEurasia.
In 1400, much of AfroEurAsia was integrated through a) Islamic trade networks b) Ocean going trade in the Atlantic c) the Hanseatic League d) the Templar Knights
a) Islamic trade networks
According to your textbook, the difference between Isfahan and Istanbul was that a) Istanbul was truly cosmopolitan b) Istanbul had no religious minorities c) Isfahan had no Armenians d) in Isfahan public life was the domain of women
a) Istanbul was truly cosmopolitan
What nutrient was key to the "biological" old regime? a) Nitrogen b) calcium c) phosphorus d) sulfur
a) Nitrogen
The Swahili City States are located a) On the East African Coast b) On the East Indian Coast c) on the East Arabian Coast d) on the Eastern Coast of Japan
a) On the East African Coast
The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world between a) Spain and Portugal b) Italy and Germany c) England and France d) Haiti and Mexico
a) Spain and Portugal
Cairo was a) an important center of trade b) only a religious center c) a place in which travel was forbidden d) the capital of the Mughal Empire
a) an important center of trade
According to Crash Course, the Ottoman's controlled trade through the Mediterranean after they a) captured Egypt b) rejected trade c) rejected learning d) captured Venice
a) captured Egypt
According to Crash Course, the Venetians imported a great amount of a) grain (wheat) b) glass c) ivory d) guns
a) grain (wheat)
The Little Ice Age resulted in . . . in Eurasia a) more snow and more conflict b) increased incidences of malaria c) an increase in population d) fewer famines
a) more snow and more conflict
During the 18th century, many Ottoman peasants a) moved to the city in an attempt to avoid taxes b) became sailors to escape from the heartland of the empire c) joined the nobility d) immigrated to Spain and Italy as well as Brazil
a) moved to the city in an attempt to avoid taxes
During the 18th century inflation in the Ottoman Empire was triggered in part by a) new forms of warfare (professional army and artillery) increased the cost of government b) the lack of a consumer culture among the Ottoman elite c) an overemphasis on following the law and a rigidity in accepting new forms of art d) the exodus of minority groups within the Empire
a) new forms of warfare (professional army and artillery) increased the cost of government
The Little Ice Age was a) period between the 13th -19th of global cooling b) an era in which people learned to cool food to prevent disease c) a period of "chilled" relations between Russia and China d) a period in which it did not snow in Canada
a) period between the 13th -19th of global cooling
The Janissaries were a) slaves that formed part of the army and formed the sultan's elite guard b) Jews that escaped from Spain c) the elite cavalry of the Ottoman army d) were the troops that invade the Iberian Peninsula and then France
a) slaves that formed part of the army and formed the Sultan's elite guard
According to your textbook, the Iberian overseas expansion arose frbom which two phenomena a) strong economic, religious, and political motives and improvement in maritime and military technologies b) the Protestant Reformation and a growing tolerance of all religious traditions c) they conquered Rome and the Ottoman Empire and created a strong unified state in India
a) strong economic, religious, and political motives and improvement in maritime and military technologies
The Little Ice Age was the worst during a) the 17th century b) the 18th century c) the 19th century d) the 12th century
a) the 17th century
In the 15th century much of the trade in AfroEurasia moved through a) the Islamic World b) the Andes c) the Atlantic Ocean d) the Sierra Madres
a) the Islamic World
Shi'ites believe that a) the descendants of Muhammad's cousin Ali have a divine spark that gives them special spiritual and political authority over the Islamic community. b) they must find a mystical form of Islam that involves coffee, dancing and turning outward toward the world. c) the descendants of Ismail I are condemned to wander the earth in search of religious meaning d) the descendants of Abbas are condemned to wander the earth in search of religious meaning
a) the descendants of Muhammad's cousin Ali have a divine spark that gives them special spiritual and political authority over the Islamic community
The Taj Mahal was built as a a) tomb b) city hall c) palace d) market
a) tomb
Hadith is a) traditions b) an important prophet c) holy book of Islam d) community
a) traditions
Islam frequently a) was spread through trade b) had no tradition of judges or scholars c) frowned on trade and looked down on merchants d) had a complicated system and a board of judges that handle conversions
a) was spread through trade
Between 1400 and 1800, famine was a) strictly a result of environmental/ecological conditions b) more likely to occur when elites failed to adjust "their take" to environmental/ecological conditions c) almost nonexistent due to good weather conditions and trade d) almost always the result of poor planning on the part of peasants
b) more likely to occur when elites failed to adjust "their take" to environmental/ecological conditions
In 1400, most of the world's population was a) hipster urbanites b) rural peasants c) kings and lords d) sailors and other seafarers
b) rural peasants
Islam means a) rejoicing b) submission c) unity d) community
b) submission
Sati involved a) greater role for women in governing society b) the Hindu practice of widows immolating themselves on their husband's funeral pyres c) expanded role for widowed Muslims in schools d) an institution which allowed Hindus and Buddhists to avoid paying taxes in the market
b) the Hindu practice of widows immolating themselves on their husband's funeral pyres
The Mughals are unique among the Islamic Empires we have studied in that a) the other empires (Safavid and Ottoman) contain many minority groups and the Mughals do not b) the Mughals are a Muslim minority ruling over a Hindu majority c) the Mughals rejected mysticism d) they focused on the cavalry, foot soldiers and artillery in terms of their military tactics
b) the Mughals are a Muslim minority ruling over a Hindu majority
By the sixteenth century the Ottomans were facing challenges in the India Ocean and eastern Mediterranean from a) the Safavids b) the Portuguese c) the British d) the Mughals
b) the Portuguese
Which of the following is one these is one of the Five Pillars of Islam a) Jihad- holy war b) the Shahada or profession of faith: There is not God but God and Muhammad is his messenger c) wearing appropriate clothing d) keeping women in purdah
b) the Shahada or profession of faith: There is not God but God and Muhammad is his messenger
The Hidden Imam involves a) the return of the Ottoman sultan to Iran and India b) the notion that all temporal rulers are stand ins for the "hidden Imam"- divinely appointed leader c) the belief that no one should view religious leaders as secular leaders as well d) the belief that no one should view secular leaders as religious leaders as well
b) the notion that all temporal rulers are stand ins for the "hidden Imam" - divinely appointed leader
Nomads were key to a) Farming b) transportation of goods and people c) mining d) successful defense
b) transportation of goods and people
In 1400, what percentage of the world's population was urban? a) 25% b) 50% c) 1% d) 10%
c) 1%
The Trans-Saharan trade occurred in a) Europe b) Asia c) Africa d) the Americas
c) Africa
This continent has more plant and animal species per unit and more biomass than any other continent. a) Europe b) Asia c) Africa d) North America
c) Africa
The continents with the most biodiversity was a) Europe and North America b) Asia and Africa c) Africa and the Americas d) Australia and Antarctica
c) Africa and the Americas
In 1400, most of the world's major cities were in a) Europe b) Africa c) Asia d) North America
c) Asia
All the following are true in regard to China EXCEPT a) China has been the economic engine of Eurasia b) During the modern period, China has contained 25% of the world's population, but only 5% of the arable land c) Before the twentieth century, China had a strong emphasis on gender equality d) Historically China has been religiously and ethnically diverse
c) Before the twentieth century, China had a strong emphasis on gender equality
The Swahili City-States are part of which trade network, a) The Silk Road b) the Trans-Saharan c) Indian Ocean d) East Asian/ Pacific
c) Indian Ocean
Between 1400 and 1800, all of the following were true EXCEPT a) Globally more farmland was brought into cultivation b) Population grew by almost the same factor as the increase in farmland c) The average temperature around the globe increased by 5 degrees Celsius d) Most energy was gained by "tapping into biomass."
c) The average temperature around the globe increased by 5 degrees Celsius
According to Crash Course, Mughal rule a) Consolidated Muslim control over India b) Consolidated Hindu control over India c) ended imperialism in the region d) ended the Indian Ocean Trade
c) ended imperialism in the region
Qur'an is a) traditions b) an important prophet c) holy book of Islam d) community
c) holy book of Islam
The Iberian Peninsula a) is in northwest Tunisia b) includes Greece and Macedonia c) includes Spain and Portugal d) includes Italy and Naples
c) includes Spain and Portugal
According to Crash Course, all the following were the result of the Little Ice Age EXCEPT a) population decline b) immigration c) change in political regimes d) a shortage of silver
d) a shortage of silver
One reason the Ottoman Empire faced challenges during the 18th century was that a) they refused to strengthen their military and overland trade b) they rejected overland trade and tried to close the Silk Road c) inflationary pressure caused the elite classes to raise taxes on the rural poor d) they reject all trade with Christian Europe
c) inflationary pressure caused the elite classes to raise taxes on the rural poor
The Five Pillars are all the falling EXCEPT a) There is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophet b) praying five times a day in the direction of Mecca c) jihad d) making the hajj
c) jihad
Sufis sought a) to overthrow the leaders of the Ottomans b) rejected Islamic law c) mystical union with the divine d) to convert to Christianity
c) mystical union with the divine
The Safavid Empire was different from the Mughal and the Ottoman Empires in that a) people spoke only Arabic b) women had many more rights c) the leader practiced Shi'ite Islam d) people spoke only Turkish
c) the leader practiced Shi'ite Islam
The Indian Ocean trade was dominated by a) rulers b) soldiers c) the monsoon winds d) camels
c) the monsoon winds
According to Crash Course, Taj Mahal a) was not a very good tourist attraction b) very cheap to construct c) took the revenue of 30 villages d) was moved to a location outside of India
c) took the revenue of 30 villages
In 1500, which of the following was NOT a center of global population? a) Europe b) China c) India d) Australia
d) Australia
The Safavid's faced border challenges from all the following groups EXCEPT a) The Ottomans b) the Afghanis c) the Muscovy (Russia) d) China
d) China
All the following was true in regard to Judar Pasha EXCEPT a) He was born in Castile b) He was made Pasha and led an invasion force into Songhay c) Her raised the salt mines of Taghaza and captured Gao d) He had a large family and lived to be very hold eventually relocating to Egypt
d) He had a large family and lived to be very hold eventually relocating to Egypt
Ahmad Abu-Abbas al-Mansur did all the following EXCEPT a) Sent ambassadors to the court of Elizabeth I of England b) He sponsored the building of the El Badi Palace in Marrakech c) He died of plague d) He refused to use gun powder when conducting battles
d) He refused to use gun powder when conducting battles
According to Crash Course, the Indian Ocean Trade Network spread a) Christianity b) Judaism c) Hinduism d) Islam
d) Islam
The People of the Book are a) Buddhists and Confucianists b) people who are literate and read the Qur'an c) people who have a written tradition d) Jews and Christians
d) Jews and Christians
The Mughals faced challenges from all the following EXCEPT a) pressure from European trade b) floods of silver c) little Ice Age d) Ottoman invasion
d) Ottoman invasion
Ahmad Abu-Abbas al-Mansur did all the following EXCEPT a) Wrote of reconquering Iberia (Al-Andalus) and establishing Moroccan colonies in the Americas b) Sent a battalion to conquer Songhay in the hopes of controlling the gold trade and gaining leverage against European powers c) Attempted to play the Ottomans and European powers off against one another d) Refused to travel or engage with the Ottomans
d) Refused to travel or engage with the Ottomans
The Ottomans faced challenges from a) British b) Aztecs c) China d) Safavids and Holy Roman Empire
d) Safavids and Holy Roman Empire
Mali was known for all the following EXCEPT a) Islamic learning b) the gold trade c) Islamic architecture d) The restrictions on travel faced by its rulers
d) The restrictions on travel faced by its rulers
Which was true of trade in the India Ocean and the south China seas a) It was highly centralized and under government control b) It was of little value and very few were interested in it c) It was dominated Christian religious figures d) There was no central control and military force was largely absent from the exchange
d) There was no central control and military force was largely absent from the exchange
All of the following were reasons for Mughal decline EXCEPT a) a decline in imperial authority b) southern India was not well integrated into the Mughal's imperial structure c) new powers arose that challenged the Mughal's authority and military dominance d) a lack of European interest in trade with India
d) a lack of European interest in trade with India
All of the following were reasons for Safavid decline EXCEPT a) Inflation b) difficulty controlling nomadic populations c) the high cost of military innovation and bureaucracy d) a naval invasion by the British
d) a naval invasion by the British
Which of the following characterizes commercial interactions in Asia/Indian Ocean in the 14th and 15th century a) government support b) it is nonexistent and unimportant c) militarization d) decentralized and carried out by private individuals and groups
d) decentralized and carried out by private individuals and groups
According to your textbook, Iberian Expansion continued all the trends were present in the Latin West EXCEPT a) a revival of urban life and trade x b) a struggle with Islamic powers for dominance of the Mediterranean c) the alliance between merchants and rulers d) desire to pay higher taxes
d) desire to pay higher taxes
Which of the following is true about ancient Mali (Mansa Musa), a) they had no religious traditions b) they had no trade connections c) it was primarily in the eastern and southern part of Asia (it used to be part of China) d) globally it was known for its gold trade
d) globally it was known for its gold trade
According to Crash Course, the Mughal Empire began to experience problems because of all of the following, EXCEPT a) growing factionalism b) growing regionalism c) breakdown in the system of local nobles d) growing tolerance by Aurangzeb
d) growing tolerance by Aurangzeb
All the following were true of Leo Africanus EXCEPT a) he was born in Grenada b) he crossed the Sahara c) his family lived in Morocco d) he rejected all contact with Christian Europe
d) he rejected all contact with Christian Europe
All of the following is true in regard to Leo Africanus/al-Hasan ibn Muhammad al-Wazzan, EXPECT a) was born in Grenada in present-day Spain b) traversed the Sahara and visited Timbuktu c) was captured by Spanish pirates and spent many years in Rome d) never learned to read or write
d) never learned to read or write
Songhay had all of the following except... a) Control of the gold trade from the forest region b) A strong agricultural base c) Hippo hunting and war canoes d) Strong ocean-going tradition
d) strong ocean-going tradition
According to Crash Course, all the following are true EXCEPT a) for Empires, buildings enhance prestige b) effective tax collection helped to enhance Mughal Rule c) the Mughal Empire taxed agriculture and trade d) the Mughal Empire rejected overland and Ocean-going trade with other empires
d) the Mughal Empire rejected overland and Ocean
The Raya were a) the nobility b) the military c) the clergy d) the people who pay taxes
d) the people who pay taxes
Which of the following was NOT true in regard to nomadic groups in 1500? a) they were often significant in terms of trade and transportation b) they sometimes seen as being conflict with urban centers/civilization c) they were important in terms of moving goods and people from one spot to another d) they rejected all forms of trade and interaction with farming peoples
d) they rejected all forms of trade and interaction with farming peoples
According to Crash Course, Akbar did all the following EXPECT a) gave non-Muslims equal rights with Muslims b) reformed administration and taxation c) took away the Jiyza d) threw people of other religions out of Mughal India
d) threw people of other religions out of Mughal India
According to Crash Course, all the following were the result of the Little Ice Age EXCEPT a) In China, Grand Canal starts to dry up, b) In China, a decree telling widows not to kill themselves, c) In Europe, people marry later d)Soldier Calamity (Chinese term about disaster caused by soldier's plundering) e) A coffee shortage in the Ottoman Empire
e) A coffee shortage in the Ottoman Empire
According to Crash Course, all the following were the result of the Little Ice Age EXCEPT a) bad harvests = food shortages b) War c) High taxes d) droughts e) an increase in the birth rate
e) an increase in the birth rate