World History Imperialism Quiz
Dutch East India Company
the Dutch company took over several islands on the Pacific Rim to form the Dutch East Indies, later to be called Indonesia
What can you infer about the Europeans' attitude toward Africans from the Berlin Conference?
the Europeans only saw Africa as land to be claimed for themselves because they divided the land without respecting cultural borders and they did not invite a single African ruler to the conference.
Precolonial Africa (Challenges to colonization for Europeans)
hunger and disease eg; malaria and men having to leave villages to provide for themselves and their families people start working and neglect their crops which leads to famines and new diseases loss of their land breakdown of traditional cultures homes and property transferred with no regard to the importance to the people.
positive effects of British rule in India
improved agriculture established coal industry life expectancy increased India became largest democracy in the world
Why did the Europeans control such a small portion of Africa in the 1800s?
powerful African armies were able to keep the Europeans at bay. Europeans also found it difficult to maneuver the African rivers due to rapids, cataracts, and changing flows. African diseases, such as Malaria, were extremely deadly to the Europeans as well.
Forms of colonial control
protectorate, sphere of influence, colony, economic imperialism
Why did the Boers and the British fight over southern Africa?
the Boers wanted to prevent treasure hunters in South Africa from gaining rights. The treasure hunters failed to rebel, and the Boers blamed the British for the rebellion, so they declared war. A war fought by the Africans and Boers against British forces Was the first modern war with guns British were victorious
'Jewel in the Crown'
the British colony of India- so called because of its importance in the British empire, both as a supplier of raw materials and as a market for British trade goods.
Social Darwinism
the application of Charles Darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as justification for imperialist expansion by which the social order is accounted as the product of natural selection of those persons best suited to existing living conditions and in accord with which a position of laissez-faire(no government involvement) is advocated.
racism
the belief that one race is superior to others.
Menelik II
the emperor of Ethiopia who successfully deferred Italian rule by using stockpiling modern weapons.
direct control
· Foreign officials brought in to rule · No self-rule · Goal: assimilation · Government institutions are based only on European styles
Indirect Control
· Local government officials used · Limited self-rule · Goal: to develop future leaders · Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules
Forms of colonial control
1. Colony 2. Protectorate 3. Sphere of Influence 4. Economic Imperialism
The 'Great Game'
A conflict between Russia and Britain over the control of India, but the conflict mostly took place in Afghanistan Great Game War in the middle grounds... aka Afghanistan! (rip afghans) A 'game' of who can get India's resources for themselves More like a war amirite
Afghanistan Wars
Afghanistan's geopolitical advantage is that it is located between British India and Russia British wanted a buffer zone between them and Russia Russia wanted Indian spices and money Russia attempted to take Afghanistan again in 1979 - the war went nowhere Russia still wants Afghanistan (coincidence, I think not!
Why were African resistance move- ments, such as those carried out by the Ashanti, usu- ally unsuccessful?
African resistance movements usually unsuccessful because of the Europeans' superior arms. The contest between African states and European powers was never equal.
Why were African resistance movements usually unsuccessful?
African resistance movements were unsuccessful because they wielded outdated weapons, it was difficult to unify different nations because of cultural borders, and famine caused many African countries to starve.
Do you think the positive effects of imperialism out- weighed the negative impact? Why or why not?
Africans lost control of their land and their independence. Many people died of new diseases such as smallpox. They also lost thousands of their people in resisting the Europeans. Famines resulted from the change to cash crops in place of subsistence agriculture. · Africans also suffered from a breakdown of their traditional cultures. Traditional authority figures were replaced. Homes and property were transferred with little regard to their importance to the people. Men were forced to leave villages to find ways to support themselves and their families. Contempt for the traditional culture and admiration of European life undermined stable societies and caused identity problems for Africans. · The most harmful political legacy from the colonial period was the division of the African continent. Long-term rival chiefdoms were sometimes united, while at other times, kinship groups were split between colonies. The artificial boundaries combined or unnaturally divided groups, creating problems that plagued African colonies during European occupation. These boundaries continue to create problems for the nations that evolved from the former colonies. Positive Effects · Colonialism reduced local warfare. · Humanitarian efforts in some colonies improved sanitation and provided hospitals and schools. As a result, lifespans increased and literacy rates improved/ Also positive was the economic expansion. African products came to be valued on the international market. · To aid the economic growth, railroads, dams, and telephone and telegraph lines were built in African colonies. But for the most part, these benefited only European business interests, not Africans' lives.
Why did Great Britain want to control the Suez Canal?
Because the Suez Canal is a major trading route connecting Asia and Europe.
How were the reactions of African and Muslim rulers to imperialism similar? How were they different?
Both of the kinds of rulers tried to use military force to defer the oncoming imperialism. However, the Muslim countries tried to advance their societies to catch up to the more powerful nations in modernization while the African nations adjusted culturally.
How did economic imperialism lead to India's becoming a British colony?
Britain and India had trade relations for a long time before India became a colony, and this trade relationship was supported Through the British East India Company. Then the Mungal Empire, which controlled India, started to fall apart, so the British took the opportunity to seize the weakened nation for themselves, establishing full control over India.
What form did British rule take under the Raj?
British power changed hands from the East India Company or private enterprise to the British government taking direct command of India by sending British troops into India.
Raj
British rule after India came under British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria.
How did Europeans use Social Darwinism to justify empire building?
Europeans used Social Darwinism to justify empire building by their belief that they had the right and the duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries.
india
First place that got conquered by the Belgians (Henry Stanley gave it to King Leopold II) Leopold committed mass genocide on the Congolese Congo had a lot of resources to extract
How did imperialism contribute to unity and to the growth of nationalism in India?
Imperialism contributed to unity and growth of nationalism in India because it did get rid of slavery, and brought in new standards of humanity, and taught the Indian people how to come together in some ways. It also separated the Muslims and the Hindu, which created a great amount of nationalism within those two groups, but Britain new that they would never come together as one group. This was good for the British because they knew if the groups couldn't come together, they couldn't revolt as well.
Negative effects of British rule in India
India was left underdeveloped, deindustrialized, stuck in cycle of low wages and low education 50% of Indians lived in poverty 88% couldn't read or write successor states of the Raj had civil wars and became the poorest countries in the world
How did imperialism contribute to unity and to the growth of nationalism in India?
Issues caused by imperialism in India caused the formation of the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, both of which tried to solve these issues. Eventually, these groups started to call for independence in India.
Guns, Germs and Steel thesis
Jared Diamond's thesis in Guns, Germs, and Steel is that European economic, military, technological, and political power came about because of geographical luck, and not because the Europeans were in any way culturally or racially superior to people of other parts of the world.
King Leopold II
King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the infamous ruler of the Congo Free State (to 1908).
Why did the Persian people oppose their ruler's policy of selling business concessions to Europeans?
Many people feared change in their societies from foreign powers, and trading with them was regarded as one of these changes.
Do you think Europeans could have conquered Africa if the Industrial Revolution had never occurred?
No, because the Industrial revolution was the spark that ignited the idea of imperialism in many countries (a they usually leaned towards using economic imperialism) and advances in technology made during the time make African exploration and conquering possible.
How was the policy of paternalism like Social Darwinism?
Paternalism treats the citizens of a colony as lower beings compared to the people of the controlling nation, similar how to Social Darwinism treats all people that are believed to be inferior in a disrespecting way.
Why did the Persian people oppose their ruler's policy of selling business concessions to Europeans?
People disliked Western influence in their nation, thought their culture would be destroyed
How were the reactions of African and Muslim rulers to imperialism similar? How were they different?
Same- both wanted to modernize for the benefit of there country -Different- Africa allowed Imperial rule Muslim Countries didnt allow imperial rule
Why did some groups believe that the U.S. should colonize like the Europeans?
Some Americans wanted America to become a world power, while others wanted more business and trade opportunities.
show imperialistic forms of control that the Europeans used to govern Muslim lands
Sphere of Influence-Russia and Britain and Economic Imperialism-Anglo Persian Oil Company
Why didn't Indians unite against the British in the Sepoy Mutiny?
They did not unite because the leadership behind the revolt was weak and the Hindus and Muslims did not trust each other because each thought that the other would build an empire based around their religion after the revolt was successful.
Why do you think Africans weren't interested in buying European products?
They didn't want to buy products from people trying to take over their land. Also, they didn't want industrialized products they preferred traditional things.
What might the decision to grease the sepoys' cartridges with beef and pork fat reveal about the British attitude toward Indians?
The British had little consideration towards the feelings and beliefs of the Indians and would rather be more efficient towards overall progression.
What were some of the internal factors that contributed to imperialism in Africa?
The Europeans had superior technology (the Maxim gun) and they also had better means to control the empire with (steam engine allowed for the traversing of rivers and communication was easy due to railroads, steamships, and cables.) The European were now able to resist deadly African diseases, and Africa's diversity made it extremely difficult to unify under a single power.
What important questions should be asked about the Industrial Revolution and how it related to European imperialism in Africa?
The industrial revolution made imperialism more necessary, and more possible.
How did economic imperialism lead to India's becoming a British colony?
The original East India Company had it's own military, consisting of sepoys. The discrimination within the military led to the Sepoy Mutiny, which showed the British that India is the "precious jewel" of the British colonies and key to the British economy.
How did colonial rule cause a breakdown in traditional African culture?
Traditional rulers of African nations were replaced, people were forced out of their homes with little regard to their well-being, men had to leave their families to find work, and people found it difficult to identify with any one culture.
Business Concessions:
When someone gives permission to another company to work on their property
Sepoy Mutiny
a 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India
Boer
a Dutch colonist in south Africa
David Livingstone
a Scottish missionary who traveled Africa to promote Christianity and called for the end of slavery in Africa
Shaka
a Zulu chief that used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a centralized state in Africa.
Crimean War
a conflict, lasting from 1853 to 1856, in which the Ottoman empire, with the aid of Britain and France, halted Russian expansion in the region of the Black Sea
Boer War
a conflict, lasting from 1899 to 1902, in which the Boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa
Geopolitics
a foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands.
Sphere of Influence
a foreign region/place in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.
Suez Canal
a human-made waterway, which was opened in 1869, connecting the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea The Building of the Suez Canal Built by Isma'il Overdebted Egypt Egypt couldn't pay interest on loans Britain wanted to control it.. To access their Indian Colonies To avoid Rogue Waves Eventually, Britain settled in to settle the finances
colony
a land controlled by another nation
Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
a meeting at which representatives of European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa The event that sealed Africa's fate of being conquered by the Europeans Carved up Africa and gave certain areas to certain countries depending on their current state of power and land mass African leaders were not invited Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained free from European control by 1914
Henry Stanley
a news reporter from New York who was sent to find Livingstone in Africa; explored the Congo and inspired King Leopold II of Belgium to recruit him to make treaties with the chiefs of the Congo.
assimilation
a policy in which a nation forces or encourages subject people to adopt its institutions and customs.
Paternalism
a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights.
protectorate
a state that is controlled and protected by another.
sepoy
an Indian soldier serving under British command
Ram Mohun Roy
an influential leader in India who sought to modernize India and to reform traditional cultural practices.
What does the quotation in the History in Depth feature suggest about Joseph Chamberlain's view of British imperialism in Africa? How do you think perspectives of British impe- rialism changed over time?
argued in favor of British imperialism in Africa. He believed that the British empire existed for the sake of advancing British commerce and success. He asserted that maintaining empire in Egypt and elsewhere in Africa was as beneficial and necessary to British commercial success as maintaining India in a dependent condition toward Britain.
Imperialism
the policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.
direct control
the replacement of original powers and ideas in a country with leaders and culture from a more powerful nation.
Economic Imperialism
the use of imperialism for economic reasons.
indirect control
using existing leaders or institutions in a region to maintain power in the region for a more powerful nation.
