World History MidTerm
Early Homo sapiens first lived in _ and then migrated to other regions
Africa
Early humans first lived in _____________ and then migrated to other places in the world.
Africa
most honored Maurya Emperor
Asoka
murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons
Assassination
Founded one of the world's first libraries
Assurbanipal
founded one of the world's first libraries
Assurbanipal
(A.D. 245 - A.D. 311) was a Roman general who became emperor. To make the government more effective, he divided the large empire into East and West and appointed a co-emperor
Diocletian
to tame animals and adapt crops so they are best suited to use by humans
Domesticate
an anthropologist from 1974 who discovered a complete skeleton which was dated to 3 million years ago, he named the skeleton Lucy
Donald Johanson
anthropologist who searched for fossils in Ethiopia; found the skeleton of Lucy the australopithecine
Donald Johanson
rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven
Dynastic Cycle
T or F The Iliad, full as it is of gods, goddesses, and even a talking horse, is our chief source of information about the Peloponnesian War
F
T or F History is the record of events since human beings first appeared on Earth.
F
T or F? A nomad stays in one location for many years and makes a permanent home.
F
T or F? A scientist who uncovers the remains of ancient settlements and studies the material objects made in those settlements is called an anthropologist.
F
T or F? Artisans are unskilled workers
F
T or F? During the Ice Age, Earth experienced a long period of hot and dry weather.
F
T or F? Historians were able to learn a lot about the Mississippians because they left behind written records as well as artifacts in settlement remians.
F
To impose unity, Shi Huangdi abolished _______
Feudalism
loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military service and and other support to a greater lord
Feudalism
_ is the Egyptian god worshiped as the ideal mother and wife. She is known as the protector of the dead and goddess of children. She is usually portrayed as a woman, wearing a throne-shaped headdress
Isis
goddess of magic and mothergood
Isis
goddess of magic and motherhood
Isis
Which statement best characterizes this quotation? "If you believe what you like in the gospels, and reject what you don't like, it is not the gospel you believe, but yourself." —Augustine of Hippo
It blends Christian teaching and a logical approach to knowledge
Which of the following statements is true of Mycenaean civilization but not of Minoan civilization?
It dominated the Aegean world through warfare
the world's first village, established in the modern-day West Bank between 10,000 and 9000 B.C.
Jericho
Sentiments such as this one encouraged many Roman women to become followers of ______. "there is neither Jew nor Greek . . . neither slave nor free . . . neither male nor female." —letter from Paul to the Galatians
Jesus
When was the Trojan War?
1250 B.C.
The _ was the final era of prehistory and began about 9000 B.C.
Neolithic Era
the final era of prehistory, which began about 9000 B.C.; also called the New Stone Age
Neolithic Period
the _ led to the rise of civilizations - or well organized societies that have a government and high levels of culture
Neolithic Revolution
the change from hunting for food to producing food occurred during the New Stone Age
Neolithic Revolution
the period of time during which the introduction of agriculture led people to transition from nomadic to settled life
Neolithic Revolution
Which statement accurately describes this image?
Nero, who persecuted Christians, was blamed for setting fire to Rome.
the final era of prehistory, also called the Neolithic Period
New Stone Age
the final era of prehistory, which began about 9000 B.C.; also called the Neolithic Period
New Stone Age
Menes, the king of Upper Egypt, united the two regions of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. What feature served as a highway linking the two regions?
Nile River
a person who moves from place to place in search of food
Nomad
title of the rulers of ancient Egypt
Pharaoh
Native American village of the North American Southwest
Pueblo
the largest Anasazi pueblo, built in New Mexico in the A.D. 900s
Pueblo Bonito
Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of the Inca civilization?
The Inca emperor owned all the land and people in his empire.
Compare and contrast the environments in which the Inca and Aztec lived. Which of the following choices is correct?
The Inca lived in the mountains while the Aztec lived in a valley on a high plateau.
Under the aristocracy, Athenian wealth and power grew. Yet discontent spread among ordinary people. Why might Athenian soldiers have shared the feelings described in this excerpt?
They believed that their service to Athens entitled them to more rights
Which statement correctly describes a similarity between Plato and Socrates?
They both encouraged people to discover ethical values through reason.
Which statement correctly describes a similarity between Plato and Socrates? They both encouraged people to discover ethical values through reason. They both expounded their beliefs about governance systems in books. They both set up schools for disseminating knowledge. They were both students of an Athenian philosopher named Aristotle.
They both encouraged people to discover ethical values through reason.
Before the Maya developed large population centers, like those later constructed by the Inca and Aztecs, they lived scattered across the land. They developed two farming methods that allowed them to thrive in the tropical environment. Which farming method indicated in this text was adopted by the Maya?
They built raised fields along the banks of rivers to lift crops up above the annual floodwaters.
Which statement is true of Inca farmers who farmed in the way this image shows?
They built stone walls to hold the strips of land on steep hillsides in place.
Why did scholars name an early hominid group Homo habilis, which means "handy man"?
They were the first hominids to make stone tools
Which statement is true about these "floating gardens"?
They were used to raise maize, squash, and beans.
military conflict around 1250 B.C. between Mycenae and Troy, a rich trading city in present-day Turkey, described in Homer's epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey
Trojan War
in ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force
Tyrant
valley in Mexico in which the numerous Mesoamerican civilizations, including the Aztecs, arose
Valley of Mexico
a collection of hymns, chants, ritual instructions, and other religious teachings
Vedas
local military rulers
Warlords
What is technology?
The skills and tools people use to meet basic needs and wants.
Originally, the Roman republic was governed by _______.
a senate consisting of 300 patricians
When Sargon, the ruler of Akkad, invaded and conquered the neighboring city-states of Sumer, what did he create for the first time?
an empire
Which group's belief in one God excused it from worshiping Roman gods?
followers of Judaism
Which objects provided anthropologists with the first clues about prehistoric life?
footprints, bones, tools
domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
imperialism
economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available
inflation
early farmers learned to use a system of ditches and canals to bring water to the crops in distant fields
irrigation
The villages at Catalhuyuk included
rectangular, connected houses of mud and brick
The calendar was an important technology because
it let people know when to plant and harvest
Mesa Verde, Spanish for "green table," offers a spectacular look into the lives of the Ancestral Pueblo people who made it their home for over 700 years, from A.D. 600 to 1300. Which statement is true of the dwelling described in this text?
it offered protection from intruders
family organization in which several generations share a common dwelling
joint family
several generations fo parents and children shared a common dwelling
joint family
(c. 100 b.c. - 44 b.c.) was a roman general, master of political maneuvers, and a reformist. He advocated for the re-organization of Rome's government. In 47 B.C., he became dictator, and three years later was assassinated
julius caesar
group of people with authority to make a decision in a legal case
jury
A law that refers to both actions and results
karma
In Hinduism, ________ refers to all the actions of a person's life that affect his or her fate in the next life
karma
The Buddha stressed that each person should seek enlightenment through _______
meditation
The Buddha stressed that each person should seek enlightenment through _______.
meditation
united the two regions of ancient Egypt- Upper and Lower
menes
soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay
mercenaries
What message was Jesus trying to convey with these words? "Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God."
mercy and sympathy for the poor and helpless
region of North America, including Mexico and Central America, in which civilizations with common cultural features developed before Europeans entered the continent
mesoamerica
savior sent by God
messiah
Someone sent to promote religious conversion in a territory or foreign country
missionaries
Which occurrence led to the spread of Buddhism beyond India
missionaries and traders spread buddhism to other parts of Asia
exercise of central power by a hereditary ruler
monarchy
government in which a king or queen exercises central power
monarchy
complete control of a product or business by one person or group
monopoly
Which term refers to seasonal winds that regularly blow across the Indian subcontinent?
monsoon
a seasonal wind that is part of a global wind pattern
monsoon
Led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery and into the land of Canaan.
moses
the preservation of dead bodies by embalming and wrapping them in cloth
mummification
people who seek direct communion with the divine
mystic
(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.
neolithic revolution
Union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth
nirvana
Which term refers to the Buddhist belief of union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth
nirvana
Which term refers to the Buddhist belief of union with the universe and release from the cycle of rebirth?
nirvana
A person who moves from place to place in search of food
nomad
The text reinforces that ahimsa, a key moral principle of Hinduism, means _______. For more than 2,500 years, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain teachers have expressed the value of ahimsa as a core principle of philosophy, spirituality, and ethics. Mahavira, the last great teacher of Jainism, even proclaimed that ahimsa is the greatest dharma, a term whose meanings include religion, ethics, duty, virtue, and cosmic law
nonviolence
The text reinforces that ahimsa, a key moral principle of Hinduism, means _______. For more than 2,500 years, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain teachers have expressed the value of ahimsa as a core principle of philosophy, spirituality, and ethics. Mahavira, the last great teacher of Jainism, even proclaimed that ahimsa is the greatest dharma, a term whose meanings include religion, ethics, duty, virtue, and cosmic law.
nonviolence
a fresco of leaping dolphins would show the importance of the _ to the Minoan civilization
ocean
the era of prehistory that lasted from 2 million years to 9 million years ago. Also known as Paleolithic period
old Stone Age
Confucius taught that _______
older people are superior to younger ones
Which place is likely being described in the text? Deposits exposed in the sides of the gorge cover a time span from about 2.1 million years ago to 15,000 years ago. The deposits have yielded the fossil remains of more than 60 hominids (members of the human lineage), providing the most continuous known record of human evolution during the past 2 million years, as well as the longest known archaeological record of the development of stone-tool industries.
olduvai gorge
a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains dating back 1.7-2.1 million years
olduvai gorge
government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
oligarchy
The rebirth of the soul into another bodily form
reincarnation
In Jewish tradition, _ was the son of David, known for building the Temple of Jerusalem. He was also famous for his wisdom. After his death, the Kingdom of Israel was divided into two parts
solomon
Which phrase fits into the blank cell on this chart? CIVILIZATION Minoan Mycenaean Dorian CHARACTERISTICS trade sea traders invader ACCOMPLISHMENTS establishment of outposts throughout the Aegean world ? Invasion of Greece
participation in the Trojan War
in the Roman and Byzantine empires, the highest church official in a major city
patriarch
relating to a society which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority
patriarchal
a member of the land-holding upper class
patrician
head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops
pope
among Native American groups of the Northwest coast, ceremonial gift-giving by people of high rank and wealth
potlatch
Archaeology and anthropology aid our understanding of the period for which there are no written records
prehistory
time before recorded history
prehistory
spiritual leader who interprets God's will
prophet
who derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides fo a right triangle
pythagorus
anthropologists use a scientific technique that measures the rate of organic decay to determine the approximate age of prehistoric remains
radio carbon dating
most skilled war leader elected to a position of power by an assembly of warriors
rajah
(about 628 BC - 551 BC) _ was an Iranian religious reformer and founder of Zoroastrianism. He emphasized individual freedom to choose right or wrong and individual responsibility for one's actions. _'s ideas influenced the early development of philosophy
Zoroaster
Which religion held the belief described in the following statement? After judgment is passed by Ahura Mazda, the good enter the kingdom of everlasting joy and light, and the bad are consigned to the regions of horror and darkness.
Zoroastrianism
The main reason for the decline of the Roman republic was _______.
the growing gap between the rich and the poor
Early Christian documents were written in Greek or Latin and the spread of Christianity was also aided by _______.
the unity of the Roman empire
an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests
tribune
The Roman senate extended democracy to the lower classes with its admission of ______.
tribunes
payment that conquered peoples may be forced to pay their conquerors
tribute
true or false? Glaciers are large sheets of ice that move slowly across the surface of the Earth
true
true or false? The earliest known humans migrated over long distances in search of food
true
Which feature of civilization provides the most important artifacts
writing
Which feature of civilization provides the most important artifacts?
writing
an amount that is more than needed, excess
surplus
an amount that is more than needed; excess
surplus
According to The Funeral Oration of Pericles, what is a responsibility of citizens?
take part in government
The skills and tools people use to meet basic needs and wants
technology
refers to the skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs and wants
technology
skills and tools people use to meet their basic needs and wants
technology
Loess, or fine windblown soil that settles on the river bottom and raises the water level, has earned this river the nickname, "River of Sorrows."
the Huang
The first civilization that developed in Mesopotamia
Sumer
Who is "they" referred to in the following quotation? "They also established a number system based on six, dividing the hour into 60 minutes and the circle into 360 degrees, as we still do today."
Sumerians
policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds
expansionism
T or F Herodotus wrote about the Persian Wars. He stressed the importance of research. He condemned other writers of history who invented conversations between historical figures
f
true or false A lion is a domesticated animal
false
true or false? A scientist who uncovers the remains of ancient settlements and studies the material objects made in those settlements is called and anthropologist
false
Ancestral Puebloans got food primarily by
farming
an area that stretches in an arc form the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and is know for having good soil and for being the beginning of the known world
fertile crescent
loosely organized system of government in which local lords governed their own land but owed military service and other support to a great lord
feudalism
respect for parents
filial piety
a nomadic people of central Asia
huns
"Veni, vidi, vici" means ________.
i came, i saw, i conquered
What is the correct order in which these Chinese dynasties came to power? A. Shang B. Zhou C. Han D. Qin
A-B-D-C
Many scholars consider the Olmec the first American civilization; it emerged in the tropical forests along the Gulf Coast of Mexico. The culture described in this text lasted from
1500 B.C. to 400 B.C.
Why might a writing system, such as hieroglyphics, be valuable to the ancient Egyptian government?
A writing system allowed the Egyptians to keep records and maintain a more organized government.
in the Inca empire, a close-knit village
Ayllu
According to Jewish tradition, _ is the ancestor of the Jewish people. From the city of Ur and the son of an idol merchant , _ made a special covenant with God. _ led his descendants to Canaan, which Jews consider their Promised Land.
Abraham
According to the Hebrew Bible, who was the recipient of the following promise? You shall be the father of a multitude of nations. . . . I will make nations of you, and kings shall come forth from you. And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your descendants after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your descendants after you. And I will give to you, and to your descendants after you, the land of your sojournings [short stay], all the land of Canaan.
Abraham
_ was king of Egypt for 17 years. He abandoned traditional Egyptian polytheism and established a new cult dedicated to the Aton, the sun's disk. His attempt to start a new religion died with him in 1336 B.C.
Akhenaton
united India under his rule
Chandragupta Maurya
(356 B.C. - 324 B.C.), Philip II's son and Aristotle's pupil, at age 20 became heir to Philip's territories. He conquered the Persian empire, founding new cities as his armies won victories in Asia Minor, Palestine, and Egypt, and then captured Babylon. Continuing eastward into India, his tired troops refused to go farther. Returned to Babylon, Alexander, age 32, died from a sudden fever
Alexander the Great
founded in 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great, became one of the greatest cities of the Mediterranean world. Located in Egypt on the sea lanes between Europe and Asia, Alexandria became known for its size, great markets, huge Pharos lighthouse, and the Museum, a learning center with a famous library
Alexandria
What feature is common to all hominids?
All hominids walked upright on two feet
What did the poet Horace mean by these words? "Greece has conquered her rude conqueror."
Although Rome conquered Greece, Greece conquered Rome culturally.
The Sun god
Amon-Re
_ was considered the king of the gods. He was present in the mythology and culture of the Egyptian people from their beginning
Amon-Re
the king of the gods, the sun god
Amon-Re
_____________ refers to the study of the origins and development of people and their societies.
Anthropology
(c. 287 B.C. - c. 212 B.C.), a famous Hellenistic mathematician and inventor from Syracuse, a Greek colony (now in Italy), is known for understanding the principle of levers, discovering the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere, and inventing the Archimedes screw, a device for raising water
Archimedes
who argued that Earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun
Aristarchus
(384 B.C. - 322 B.C.), a student of Plato, was a philosopher, writer about many branches of knowledge, founder of the Lyceum, and tutor of Alexander the Great
Aristotle
Alexander the Great was tutored by
Aristotle
what statement is true about early civilizations in America?
Arose away from river valleys
Which generalization is best supported by the art on an Athenian vase?
Athenian painters considered everyday life to be a worthy subject for art
Which generalization is best supported by this picture of an Athenian vase?
Athenian painters considered everyday life to be a worthy subject for art
city-state in ancient Greece that evolved from a monarchy to a limited direct democracy and became famous for its great cultural achievements
Athens
What was one way that Athens was more democratic than Sparta?
Athens had a true legislature, while Sparta did not.
(364 - 430 a.d.) was a Christian scholar whose written works had long-lasting effects on the Christian religion. He studied in Roman Africa and went on to become a bishop
Augustine
63 B.C. - 14 A.D.) was the first Roman emperor of the newly established Roman Empire. Augustus's rule began a long-lasting period of peace and wealth known as the Pax Romana
Augustus
To which hominid group did Johanson's "Lucy" belong to?
Australopithecines
put the early hominid groups in the correct order, starting with earliest
Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens
puts the early hominid groups in the correct order, starting with the earliest group.
Australopithecines, Homo habilis, Homo sapiens
the earliest group of humans (including Lucy), lived in Africa as far as 7 million years ago
Australopithecus
Who wrote the handbook of behavior from which this excerpt has been taken? "Let a woman retire late to bed, but rise early to duties; let her not dread tasks by day or by night. Let her not refuse to perform domestic duties whether easy or difficult. That which must be done, let her finish completely, tidily, and systematically. When a woman follows such rules as these, then she may be said to be industrious."
Ban Zhao
economic system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another
Barter Economy
If people are polytheistic, it means they
Believe in many gods
list the categories of the Indian caste system in order of most important to least
Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaisya, Sudra
The founder of which religion said these words as he lay dying? "Decay is inherent in all things. Work out your own salvation with diligence."
Buddhism
system of government through departments and subdivisions administered by officials who follow set rules
Bureaucracy
in Illinois, the largest earthwork of the Mississippian culture, c. A.D. 700
Cahokia
As part of His covenant with Abraham, which region did God declare would one day belong to the Israelites and as such was viewed by the Israelites as their "promised land?"
Canaan
a larger city site in modern Turkey, population around 6,500
Catalhuyuk
one of the world's first villages, established in modern-day Turkey around 7000 B.C.
Catalhuyuk
a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 900 to 200 B.C.
Chavin
in the Aztec empire, an artificial island used to cultivate crops and made of mud piled atop reed mats that were anchored to the lake bed with willow trees
Chinampa
the sacred writings of the Christian religion
Christian Bible
He is China's most famous philosopher. His teachings about the importance of education and public service influenced many eastern Asian civilizations. His ancestors, members of the aristocracy, were poor by the time of his birth. By the age of 15, he was dedicated to the life of a scholar. Although his ideas about the proper way to live guided millions of people, his own life was simple and reflected a deep humility.
Confucius
This excerpt is from a book that contains the sayings of _______. "The Master said, Yu, shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, to recognize that you know it, and when you do not know a thing, to recognize that you do not know it. That is knowledge." —Analects
Confucius
(a.d. 280 - a.d. 337) was the first Roman Emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church
Constantine
This painting illustrates a pattern of Roman treatment of Christians that ended with the reign of Emperor ______.
Constantine
capital city of the Inca empire
Cuzco
As described in the Books of Samuel 1, 1 Kings, and 1 Chronicles, _ was from the tribe of Judah and began his life as a shepherd in Bethlehem. Eventually, _ became king of a united Israel. Jews and Christians also believe he edited the Book of Psalms.
David
United the 12 tribes of Israel into a single nation
David
The interior region of the Indian subcontinent is called the
Deccan
an embankment or other construction made of earth
Earthwork
What fact about ancient Egypt is reflected in the following statement from the pharaoh Ramses II? "The foot of an Egyptian woman may walk where it pleases her and no one may deny her."
Egyptian women held higher status than women elsewhere in the ancient world.
The following text refers to a book used by the ancient Egyptians. What does this book suggest about Egyptian beliefs? To survive the dangerous journey through the underworld, Egyptians relied on the Book
Egyptians believed that charms known in life could protect people in the afterlife.
According the Buddha, this is the path that one must follow to achieve nirvana
Eightfold Path
The Roman republic was established after a successful rebellion against the ______.
Etruscans
a people who inhabited early Italy
Etruscans
T or F A lion is a domesticated animal.
F
T or F Alexander won his first victory against the Persians at the Granicus River. He was 20 years old and an inexperienced soldier.
F
T or F Cleisthenes constricted the role of ordinary citizens in government
F
Taught by Buddha, they are the basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism
Four Noble Truths
(c. 154 B.C. - 121 B.C.) was the brother of Tiberius and a plebeian political reformist who sought to limit senatorial power. He advanced checks and balances to minimize financial influence. Like his brother, he was murdered by thugs hired by the Roman Senate
Gaius Gracchus
Travel and trade during the Pax Romana spread the influence of ______.
Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman traditions
The Roman alphabet originated with the __________.
Greeks
(A.D. 76 - A.D. 138) was a Roman emperor from A.D. 117 - A.D. 138. Considered one of the "Five Good Emperors", he codified Roman law and traveled extensively, uniting the empire
Hadrian
(1792 BC - 1750 BC) _ became the first king of the Babylonian empire. He inherited the power from his father, who extended Babylon's control across Mesopotamia. _ is known for writing the first code of law in recorded history
Hammurabi
Wrote the first code of law in recorded history
Hammurabi
Wrote the first code of law in recorded history.
Hammurabi
The two cities whose ruins have provided information about Indus Valley Civilizations are
Harappa, Mohenjo-Dara
(Died 1458 B.C.) Queen _ served for 20 years alongside her husband, Thutmose II, but after his death took the role of pharaoh and served as regent to Thutmose III. She is known for building temples and monuments and generally making Egypt flourish
Hatshepsut
Which statement is true of Herodotus?
He invented conversations and speeches for historical figures
"The Sapa Inca was believed to be descended from the sun god, Inti, and was worshipped by his people as a god. Traditionally, the Sapa Inca married his eldest sister, who became known as the Coya." —Hazel Richardson, Life in Ancient South America Which statement is true of the person discussed above?
He kept the people fed and public works projects staffed using a labor tax
Which reform was introduced in Athens by Solon?
He outlawed debt slavery
Which statement is true about the Sapa Inca (Pachacuti) in this picture?
He sent spies into enemy territory to gain intelligence.
What is one way that Darius united the Persian empire?
He standardized coinage and other aspects of the Persian economy
based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
Heliocentric
(c. 484 B.C. - c. 425 B.C.), often called the "Father of History", traveled widely throughout the ancient Mediterranean world, collecting information for his chronicles of past events, including the Persian wars. In his writings, he noted bias and conflicting accounts in his sources
Herodotus
"I will use my power to help the sick to the best of my ability and judgment; I will abstain from harming or wronging any man by it. . . . Whatever I see or hear, professionally, or privately, which ought not to be divulged, I will keep secret. . . . If, therefore, I observe this oath and do not violate it, may I prosper both in my life and in my profession, earning good repute among all men for all time." This oath, which set ethical standards for doctors, is attributed to
Hippocrates
(c. 460 B.C. - c. 375 B.C.), a Greek physician traditionally regarded as the father of medicine, who studied the causes of illnesses, seeking their cures. Many ancient medical writings are attributed to him, although he probably wrote few of them. He is honored for his Hippocratic oath that sets ethical standards for medical practice
Hippocrates
The Pima and Papago are descendants of the ________, also known as the "Vanished Ones."
Hohokams
according to tradition the author of the epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, is thought to have traveled from village to village singing about heroic deeds of warriors during the Trojan War
Homer
"handy man", emerged 2 million years ago, first hominids to make stone tools
Homo Habilis
first hominids to use fire, pioneered a stone tool called a hand axe, "upright man", appeared about 2 million years ago
Homo erectus
modern humans, appeared after homo Habilis disappeared
Homo sapiens
a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about A.D. 600 to 1000
Huari
"Our citizens attend both to public and private duties, and do not allow absorption in their own various affairs to interfere with their knowledge of the city's life. We differ from other states in regarding the man who holds aloof from public life not as 'quiet' but as useless." —Pericles, Funeral Oration Which statement best sums up the main idea of this passage?
In Athens, all citizens have a responsibility to take part in government
god of war
Indra
the Inca sun god
Inti
"I, Dekanawidah, and the confederate lords now uproot the tallest pine tree and into the cavity [hole] thereby made we cast all weapons of war. Into the depths of the earth . . . we cast all weapons of strife [conflict]. We bury them from sight forever and plant again the tree. Thus shall all Great Peace be established and hostilities shall no longer be known between the Five Nations but only peace to a united people." —The Constitution of the Five Nations The political organization described in this quotation was known as the ________ League.
Iroquois
political alliance of five Iroquois groups, known as the Five Nations, in the late 1500s
Iroquois League
Which of the following statements is true of Mycenaean civilization but not of Minoan civilization? It achieved prosperity through trade. It was eventually conquered by invaders. It controlled the island of Crete. It dominated the Aegean world through warfare.
It dominated the Aegean world through warfare.
Which statement is true about the settlement described in this text? Cahokia, village, St. Clair county, southwestern Illinois, U.S. It lies along the Mississippi River, opposite St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1699 by Quebec missionaries and named for a tribe of Illinois Indians (Cahokia, meaning "Wild Geese"), it was the first permanent European settlement in Illinois.
It had a plaza in the center and agricultural land surrounding it.
Based on your knowledge of Olmec civilization, this stone carving best shows which of the following?
It indicates the Olmec could organize massive public labor projects.
Which statement gives the most insightful historical appraisal of this quotation? "I found Rome of clay; I leave it to you of marble." —last words of Octavian Augustus
It is accurate, because the reign of Augustus marked the birth of the Roman empire.
Remains of Pueblo Bonito, the largest such pueblo, still stand in New Mexico.
It was a freestanding village built on the flatlands.
What do structures, like the pyramids and the sphinx, suggest about ancient Egypt?
It was complex and capable of highly organized efforts.
large underground chamber that the Anasazi used for religious ceremonies and political meetings
Kiva
an ancient Minoan City on the island of Crete.
Knossos
city in ancient Crete, the principle center of Minoan civilization that dominated the Aegean between about 1600 B.C. and 1400 B.C. Excavations beginning in 1900 discovered a palace and surrounding buildings of a sophisticated culture
Knossos
_ means "Master _" or "Old Master" in the Chinese language. An old man when Confucius was a young scholar, _ was born in a small village in ancient China. He was appointed a historian in one of the Zhou dynasty courts. _ developed a philosophy of inner calm, purity of mind, and living in harmony with nature is called Dao, or the way of the universe.
Laozi
Which statement is true of the Spartan government in ancient Greece?
Major decisions were approved by an assembly
Which statement is true of the Spartan government in ancient Greece? Twenty ephors ran the day-to-day affairs. It was headed by a single monarch. All native-born Spartans were accorded citizenship. Major decisions were approved by an assembly.
Major decisions were approved by an assembly.
Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome, were said to be the sons of a Latin woman and the god _______.
Mars
Anthropologists from the 1930s who found evidence of early hominids in Olduvai Gorge
Mary Leakey, Louis Leakey
The Olmec also invented a calendar, and they carved hieroglyphic writing into stone. Which group of people shared the characteristics described in this text?
Maya
Which culture developed an understanding of this concept? From placeholder to the driver of calculus, zero has crossed the greatest minds and most diverse borders since it was born many centuries ago. Today, zero is perhaps the most pervasive global symbol known. In the story of zero, something can be made out of nothing.
Maya
the largest complex of Anasazi cliff-dwellings in the North American Southwest, built between A.D. 1150 and A.D. 1300
Mesa Verde
The land between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers
Mesopotamia
A fresco of people jumping over a bull's horns would represent the art of which civilization?
Minoan
This ancient fresco is representative of the art of what civilization?
Minoan
people sent on a religious mission
Missionaries
a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 400 B.C. to 600 A.D.
Moche
Achieving union with Brahman
Moksha
economic system in which goods or services are paid for through the exchange of a token of an agreed value
Money Economy
complete control of a product or business by one person or a group
Monopoly
believing in one god
Monotheistic
As described in the Hebrew Bible, _ was a Jewish religious leader who led the Israelites out of Egyptian slavery back to Canaan. Jews believe that during the journey, or Exodus, God presented _ with a set of religious and ethical laws for the Jewish people known as the Ten Commandments
Moses
Who defeated the trojans in the Trojan war?
Mycenaeans
In the war that took place around 1250 B.C., shown in the illustration here and described in the Iliad,
Mycenaeans defeated troy
Who battled each other in the battle of troy
Mycenaeans, trojans
a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about 200 B.C. to A.D. 600
Nazca
(634 BC - 562 BC) _ was king of the Babylonian empire form 605 BC to 562 BC. He led several military campaigns, which expanded the empire to Aramea, Judah, and other cities. He rebuilt the city of Babylon and is credited with the construction of the famous Hanging Gardens
Nebuchadnezzar
Built the famous Hanging Gardens
Nebuchadnezzar
The era of prehistory that lasted form 2 million B.C. to about 10,000 B.C.
Old Stone Age
the era of prehistory that lasted from 2 million B.C. to about 9000 B.C.
Old Stone Age
Where did the first clues of prehistoric life come from?
Olduvai Gorge
concentration of power in the hands of the wealthy
Oligarchy
the earliest American civilization, located along the Gulf Coast of Mexico from about 1200 BC to 400 BC
Olmec
Who is the ancient Egyptian god described in the following passage? ". . . he was both a god of fertility and the embodiment of the dead and resurrected king."
Osiris
_ is the Egyptian god identified as the god of the afterlife. He is often depicted as a green-skinned man with a pharaoh's beard, partially mummy-wrapped at the legs wearing a crown with ostrich feathers, holding a symbolic crook
Osiris
god of the afterlife
Osiris
(1438-1471) was a skilled warrior growing up. He expanded the Inca empire to what is now Peru and Ecuador. His capital was Cuzco, and he is credited with developing its city plan.
Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui
the era of prehistory that lasted from at least 2 million B.C. to about 9000 B.C.; also called the Old Stone Age
Paleolithic Period
(c. 4 b.c. - a.d. 64) was an early opponent of Christianity who, after having a vision, was converted to the teachings of Jesus. He became a missionary to spread the teachings of Jesus
Paul
Inca religion culminated in the worship of the sun, which was presided over by the priests of the last native pre-Columbian conquerors of the Andean regions of South America. Which statement correctly describes a feature of the religion mentioned in this text?
People offered food, clothing, and drink to the guardian spirits of the home and the village.
(495 B.C. - 429 B.C.) was an Athenian statesman in the 400s B.C. who led Athens during its golden age of cultural achievement under democratic government
Pericles
(359 B.C. - 336 B.C.), restored internal peace to Macedonia, built an effective army, and then formed alliances with many Greek city-states or conquered them. After defeating the united forces of Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea, all of Greece came under his control. Assassination ended his aim to conquer Persia
Philip II
(437 B.C. - 347 B.C.) a student of Socrates, was an Athenian thinker, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens
Plato
(570 B.C. - c. 490 B.C.), a Greek philosopher and mathematician who studied the meaning of numbers and their relationships. He formulated principles that influenced the thinking of Plato and Aristotle, and also established an academy in Croton (now in Italy). Today he is best known for deriving the Pythagorean theorem, a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle
Pythagoras
Which Hellenistic mathematician developed the following theorem, which is named for him? "... the sum of the squares on the legs of a right triangle is equal to the square on the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle)—or, in familiar algebraic notation, (a2) + (b2) = c2."
Pythagoras
The language spoken by the Inca was known as
Quechua
Which word correctly replaces the "?" in this chart? CHARACTERISTIC Farming Domesticated Animals Crafts Counting/Record-keeping Medical practices DESCRIPTION Terraced Alpacas,llamas metal work, eating utensils for nobles, weaving, pottery ?? Surgery, early antiseptic/anesthesia, mummification
Quipu
knotted strings used by Inca officials for record-keeping
Quipu
(1292 B.C. - 1190 B.C.) _ is known for his building programs and for the wars he waged with the Hittites and Libyans. He reigned for more than 66 years and is known for the construction of Egypt's most famous monuments and architecture
Ramses II
stone monument that includes the same passage carved in hieroglyphics, demotic script, and Greek and that was used to decipher the meanings of many hieroglyphs
Rosetta Stone
a holy day for rest and worship
Sabbath
the title of the Inca emperor
Sapa Inca
Built the first empire known in history
Sargon
built the first empire known to history
Sargon
What is the correct order in which the Chinese dynasties came to power
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
He became the king of Qin. He proclaimed himself _ _ , or "First Emperor". Using spies, loyal generals, and bribery, he removed the leaders of six other surrounding states to create a unified China under his authoritarian rule. However, the unified China he created was too dependent on him. The Qin dynasty collapsed four years after his death.
Shi Huangdi
Which emperor ordered the construction of the great wall of china
Shi Huangdi
Who ordered the construction of the Great Wall
Shi Huangdi
Founder of the Buddhist religion
Siddhartha Gautama
(468 B.C. - 399 B.C.) was an Athenian stonemason and philosopher who sought truth by questioning, as described in dialogues written by Plato
Socrates
Built the Temple in Jerusalem
Solomon
built the temple in Jerusalem
Solomon
The idea that people should not struggle against the the inevitable sorrows and disappointments of life is a central teaching of what school of thought?
Stoicism
"For me, it was not Zeus who made that order. . . . ?Nor did I think your orders were so strong that you, a mortal man, could overrun? the gods' unwritten and unfailing laws." —Antigone Which playwright wrote these lines?
Sophocles
Who wrote Antigone?
Sophocles
Which statement tells a characteristic of the life described in this excerpt? "Instead of softening the boys' feet with sandals, he required them to harden their feet by going without shoes. He believed that if this habit were cultivated, it would enable them to climb hills more easily and descend steep inclines with less danger, and that a youth who had accustomed himself to go barefoot would leap and jump and run more nimbly than a boy in sandals. And instead of letting them be pampered in the matter of clothing, he introduced the custom of wearing one garment throughout the year, believing that they would thus be prepared to face changes of heat and cold." —Xenophon, on the system of education set up by Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver
Spartan boys were encouraged to steal food to develop cunning
Which statement tells a characteristic of the life described in this excerpt? "Instead of softening the boys' feet with sandals, he required them to harden their feet by going without shoes. He believed that if this habit were cultivated, it would enable them to climb hills more easily and descend steep inclines with less danger, and that a youth who had accustomed himself to go barefoot would leap and jump and run more nimbly than a boy in sandals. And instead of letting them be pampered in the matter of clothing, he introduced the custom of wearing one garment throughout the year, believing that they would thus be prepared to face changes of heat and cold." —Xenophon, on the system of education set up by Lycurgus, the Spartan lawgiver Spartan men could take their place in the assembly only at the age of 60. Spartan men engaged in trade with the other city-states of Greece. Spartan boys began training for athletic events at the age of fifteen. Spartan boys were encouraged to steal food to develop cunning.
Spartan boys were encouraged to steal food to develop cunning.
in the ancient world, a tall, commemorative monument that was often decorated
Stela
T or F In Greek legend, the Trojan War had a romantic cause. When the Trojan prince, Paris, kidnaps Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king, the Mycenaeans sail to Troy to rescue her. For the next 10 years, the two sides battle until the Greeks finally seize Troy and burn the city to the ground.
T
T or F One characteristic of a civilization is a division of labor, in which different people perform different jobs.
T
T or F The earliest known humans migrated over long distances in search of food.
T
T or F Thucydides wrote about the Peloponnesian War, which he had witnessed, and wrote frankly about the negative affects of the war. He stressed the need to avoid bias by trying to be fair to both sides.
T
T or F Women in Athens had no political rights and did not receive education as boys did.
T
T or F? Glaciers are large sheets of ice that move slowly across the surface of the Earth.
T
T or F? The traditions of the Mississippians survived among the Natchez people, who are known for their worship of the sun god
T
T or F? Cultural diffusion occurs when groups of people spread their idea, customs, and goods to different parts of the world.
T
T or F? Cuzco was the capital city of the Inca.
T
T or F? In well-to-do Athenian homes, women managed the household but were rarely seen in public. Poor women did work outside the home or shop in the public marketplace.
T
The Leakeys discovered ancient stone tools in a gorge in which country?
Tanzania
They Leakeys discovered ancient stone tools in a gorge in which country?
Tanzania
capital city of the Aztec empire, on which modern-day Mexico City was built
Tenochtitlan
city that dominated the Valley of Mexico form about AD 200 to 750 AD and that influenced the culture of later mesoamerican peoples
Teotihuacan
Why might it be surprising that one of the world's first libraries was founded in the Assyrian city of Ninevah?
The Assyrians are best known as feared warriors, not for their learning.
A Mesopotamian poem that described the wanderings of a here and a great flood that destroys the world.
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Which statement is true of the plays enacted in Greek theater?
The first Greek plays evolved out of religious festivals
Which statement is true of the plays enacted in this theater?
The first Greek plays evolved out of religious festivals.
What is the most significant difference between cuneiform and the Phoenician alphabet?
The symbols in cuneiform represented syllables, while the letters of the Phoenician alphabet represented consonant sounds.
Why was the phalanx an effective military formation?
The use of shields protected soldiers and helped maintain formation
"In human memory, I believe that there is no account of a road as great as this, running through deep valleys, high mountains, banks of snow, torrents of water, living rocks, and wild rivers . . . In all places it was clean and swept free of refuse, with lodgings, storehouses, Sun temples, and posts along the route. Oh! Can anything similar be claimed for Alexander [the Great] or any of the [other] powerful kings who ruled the world . . .?" —Pedro Cieza de Léon, Spanish explorer admiring an ancient road system What was significant about the roads described here?
They allowed armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire
"In human memory, I believe that there is no account of a road as great as this, running through deep valleys, high mountains, banks of snow, torrents of water, living rocks, and wild rivers . . . In all places it was clean and swept free of refuse, with lodgings, storehouses, Sun temples, and posts along the route. Oh! Can anything similar be claimed for Alexander [the Great] or any of the [other] powerful kings who ruled the world . . .?" —Pedro Cieza de Léon, Spanish explorer admiring an ancient road system
They allowed armies and news to move rapidly throughout the empire.
"Between A.D. 100 and A.D. 700, the Moche people—named after their most famous city—forged a civilization along the arid north coast of Peru." Which statement is true of the people described in this quotation?
They constructed the largest adobe structures in the ancient Americas.
Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of Moche farmers?
They developed methods for fertilizing the soil and used canals to irrigate the land.
Which statement is true of the Mycenaeans?
They fought in the Trojan War around 1250 B.C.
Which statement is true about the people described in this text? In the far northern stretches of Canada, the Inuit adapted to the harsh climate of the Arctic. By about 2000 B.C., they had settled there, using the resources of the frozen land to survive.
They paddled kayaks in open waters or used dog sleds to transport goods across the ice
Why did the writings of the poet Virgil and the historian Livy focus on the rise and fall of Roman power?
They wanted to arouse patriotism and restore traditional Roman virtues.
Which statement describes a reason for women in ancient Sparta to engage in this activity?
They were expected to produce healthy sons for the Spartan army
Which statement describes a reason for women in ancient Sparta to engage in exercise?
They were expected to produce healthy sons for the Spartan army.
(1504 B.C. - 1426 B.C.) _ shared power with his aunt Queen Hatshepsut before becoming pharaoh. He battled to regain Egyptian rule of Syria and Palestine and created Egypt's largest dynasty.
Thutmose III
a culture that thrived in the Andean region from about A.D. 200 to 1000
Tiahuanaco
(c. 163 B.C. - 133 B.C.) was a Roman plebeian who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 B.C. by gangs hired by Roman senators.
Tiberius
The basis for Jewish teachings about the rule of law is found in the
Torah
the most sacred text of the Hebrew Bible, includes the first five books
Torah
"Every man make up his mind to fight? And move on his enemy! Strong as I am, It's hard for me to face so many men And fight with all at once. . . . And yet I will!" —Homer, Iliad This speech is taken from a work of classic Greek literature that describes the
Trojan War
What did Homer write about?
Trojan War
in Greek epic poems and myths, a ten-year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor
Trojan War
In what way did natural resources affect the building of early cities by the Sumerians?
Without plentiful wood or stone, they built with bricks made of clay.
As the eleventh son of the Han emperor Jingdi, he would not have been destined to rule. However, the influence of his relatives changed this and he became emperor in 141 B.C. Determined to expand his dynasty's rule, he succeeded, though it came at a high cost to his soldiers and people. Liu Che made confucianism the state religion. He was given the title _ (Martial Emperor) upon his death
Wudi
These coins, with the distinctive holes punched through them, date from the ________ period
Zhou
As described in the Hebrew Bible, what was the basis for Israel's belief in Canaan as a "promised land"?
a covenant with God
Which phrase gives an example of the kind of art described by the text? The Minoan culture was named after King Minos of Crete, who ruled around the time of 1350-1250 B.C.E. . . . Unlike their contemporaries the Egyptians, there was no oppressive priesthood or rigid artistic styles, and Minoan art reflected a freedom and willingness to assimilate other artistic traditions from throughout the region. an illustration of women leading secluded lives pottery depicting athletes competing in a javelin contest a painting of soldiers in a phalanx formation a fresco showing leaping dolphins
a fresco showing leaping dolphins
the blending of two or more cultures
acculturation
highest and most fortified point within a greek city-state
acropolis
medical treatment, originated in ancient China, in which needles are inserted into the skin at specific points to relieve pain or treat various illnesses
acupuncture
a mixture of clay and plant fibers that becomes hard as it dries in the sun and that can be used for building
adobe
the important development of raising crops for food caused people to settle in permanent villages
agriculture
The moral Hindu principle of nonviolence
ahimsa
formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense
alliance
The Inca sheared wool from ________ to create colorful textiles to be worn as clothing or as adornments, such as belts and bags.
alpacas
writing system in which each symbol represents a single basic sound
alphabet
For which group was the exile described below a period of "captivity" and loss? In 586 B.C., Babylonian armies captured Judah. Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the great temple and forced many of those he defeated into exile in Babylon.
ancient Jews
the belief that spirits and forces live within animals, objects, or dreams
animism
researchers who study the remains of human skeletons contribute to our knowledge of prehistory
anthropologist
What kind of scientists discovered the first clues to prehistoric life?
anthropologists
The study of humans
anthropology
_ refers to the study of the origins and development of people and their societies
anthropology
leader or teacher of a new faith or movement
apostle
a scientist who unearths ancient settlements might study pottery made thousands of years ago
archaeologist
the study of past people and cultures through their material remains
archaeology
What did Aristarchus do?
argued that Earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun
government headed by a privileged minority or upper class
aristocracy
rule by a privileged minority or upper class
aristocracy
objects made by humans
artifact
Scientists examine objects made by humans when they want to study the every day lives of ancient people
artifacts
skilled craftspeople
artisans
Stone pillars were erected across India under the rule of _______.
asoka
Absorb or adopt another culture
assimilate
A Hindu belief that every person has an essential self
atman
The hominid being described in this text belonged to the group of hominids called __________. In Ethiopia, Johanson found many pieces of a single hominid skeleton, which was dated to at least 3 million years ago. For the first time, archaeologists had enough of one skeleton to piece together and really look at an early hominid. Johanson named his historic find "Lucy" after a Beatles' song. Studying Lucy's skeleton, Johanson could see that she was an upright walker who was about 4 feet tall.
australopithecines
The first civilizations in the Americas arose _ from river valleys
away
moral standards of behavior
ethics
a single spiritual power that existed beyond many gods of the Vedas and resided in all things
brahman
The activity depicted here was typical of a Roman social policy that critics called ______.
bread and circuses
As Rome's first emperor, how did Augustus build a stable government?
by creating a civil service to enforce Rome's laws
The architectural structure shown here was adapted _______
by the Romans from the Etruscans
the art of producing beautiful handwriting
calligraphy
Which item is an example of an artifact? ancient footprint, fossil, skeleton, coin
coin
Which item is an example of an artifact? ancient footprint fossil coin skeleton
coin
territory settled and ruled by people from another land
colony
in ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs
comedy
The Pantheon owes its existence to Rome's pioneering use of _______.
concrete
(c. A.D. 280 - A.D. 337) was the first Roman Emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church
constantine
the capital of the eastern Roman Empire; capital of Byzantine and Ottoman empires, now called Istanbul
constantinople
an official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies
consul
Although all members of the early Roman senate were patricians, farmers, merchants, and artisans eventually gained the right to choose officials who ______.
could veto laws they felt were harmful to plebeians
a binding agreement; specifically, in the Jewish tradition, the binding agreement God made with Abraham
covenant
high-ranking Church official with authority over a local area, or diocese
bishop
Indian social groups that people are born into and can rarely be changed
caste
waterfall
cataract
population count
census
written symbols in writing systems such as that of the Chinese
characters
a native or resident of a town or city
citizen
political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages
city-state
branch of law that deals with private rights and matters
civil law
government officials
civil servants
one characteristic of a complex and organized society is its development of a writing system
civilization
a group of families with a common ancestor
clan
group of families with a common ancestor
clan
The Parthenon can best be used to illustrate
classical Greek principles of harmony and balance
The building shown here can best be used to illustrate
classical Greek principles of harmony and balance
the body of people who conduct Christian service
clergy
to arrange or set down in writing
codify
Based on the quotation, the gods divided the body of the first man, Purusha, in order to _______. "When they divided Purusha, in how many different portions did they arrange him? What became of his mouth, what of his two arms? What were his two thighs and his two feet called? His mouth became the Brahmin; his two arms were made into the Rajanya [Kshastriya] . . ." —Rig Veda
create the four social groups of ancient India
the spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people group to another
cultural diffusion
refers to the way of life of a society, including its beliefs, values, and practices
culture
Sumerians invented the earliest known writing which was later called ____________.
cuneiform
Sumerians invented the earliest known writing, which was later called _____
cuneiform
Wedge shaped marks made into clay; an early form of writing
cuneiform
the way of the universe
dao
a mathematical system of numbers based o the number 10 that is still in use today
decimal system
system of numbers based on 10
decimal system
to figure out the meaning of
decipher
triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers
delta
government in which the people hold ruling power
democracy
The religious and moral duties fo an individual
dharma
the spreading of the Jews beyond their historic homeland
diaspora
ruler who has complete control over a government
dictator
system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives
direct democracy
ideas that opposed those of the government
dissent
a form of payment from the family of the bride to the bridegroom
dowry
payment a brides's family makes to the bridegroom and his family; a payment a woman brings to marriage
dowry
ruling family
dynasty
For the first time, individuals began to specialize in certain jobs. Some became artisans or skilled craftspeople, and made pottery or finely carved wooden gods. among the crafts developed in cities, metal working was particularly important. People learned to make tools and weapons, first out of copper and later out of bronze, a mixture of copper and tin. This specialization descried in this text was a characteristic of
early civilizations
job specialization is a characteristic of
early civilizations
A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler
empire
what kind of impact did the Leakeys have?
found evidence of ancient humans
What did the document quoted here proclaim in the Roman empire? "We, Constantine and Licinius the Emperors, having met in concord at Milan and having set in order everything which pertains to the common good and public security . . ."
freedom of worship to all citizens of the Roman empire
colorful painting completed on wet plaster
fresco
Which phrase gives an example of the kind of art described by the text? The Minoan culture was named after King Minos of Crete, who ruled around the time of 1350-1250 B.C.E. . . . Unlike their contemporaries the Egyptians, there was no oppressive priesthood or rigid artistic styles, and Minoan art reflected a freedom and willingness to assimilate other artistic traditions from throughout the region.
fresco showing leaping dolphins
Athenian domination of the Greek world lasted
from the formation of the Delian League until the end of the Peloponnesian War
Ancient Italy was easier to unify than Greece mostly due to _______.
geographic advantages
Egyptians pharaohs believed that their right to rule came from the
gods
a period of great cultural achievement
golden age
period of great cultural achievement
golden age
religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church
heresy
a system of ranking groups
hierarchy
system of writing in which pictures called hieroglyphics represent objects, concepts, or sounds
hieroglyphics
Jesus was a threat to Roman authorities because _______.
his speeches could inflame those opposed to Roman rule
experts in the study of how people lived in the historical past
historian
writer of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey
homer
Which early hominid group was the first to use fire and the hand ax?
homo erectus
Jericho's status as the first city with a wall indicates that
it had government that could organize construction projects
huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens
latifundia
basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers
legion
lawmaking body
legislature
This screw, developed by Archimedes, was used to
lift water to high levels for irrigation.
fine windblown yellow soil
loess
rational thinking
logic
This Rosetta Stone was important to historians because it
made it possible to read other written documents.
corn
maize
Philip II of Macedonia ruled from 359-336 B.C.E. . . . Philip's army was greatly outnumbered by the Athenian and Theban forces, yet his phalanxes overwhelmed the Athenians and Thebans. Athens and Thebes were forced to become subjects of Philip and Macedonia, leaving Sparta as the only Greek state not under Macedonian control.. This event was significant because it
marked the beginning of an age in which Greek culture spread widely
a person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs
martyr
in Shang China, animal bone or turtle shell used by priests to predict the future
oracle bone
practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy
ostracism
In ancient Egypt, the main duty of the vizier was to
oversee the bureaucracy
As the Roman republic declined, slave labor provided the most direct economic advantage to_______.
owners of latifundia
plant used to make a paper-like writing material in ancient Egypt
papyrus
To communicate his ideas, Jesus often used short stories with moral lessons called _______.
parables
the chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece
parthenon
In this excerpt, Tiberius Gracchus is depicted as angry with the ______. "The wild beasts that roam over Italy . . . have every one of them a cave or lair to lurk in; but the men who fight and die for Italy enjoy the common air and light, indeed, but nothing else . . . they fight and die to support others in wealth and luxury, and though they are [thought of as] masters of the world, they have not a single clod of earth that is their own." --excerpt from Plutarch's The Life of Tiberius Gracchus
patricians
As the Roman republic expanded, conquered peoples were forced to ______.
pay taxes to Rome
in ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
phalanx
someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy
philosopher
Since the mid-nineteenth century, the Republic has been Plato's most famous and widely read dialogue. As in most other Platonic dialogues the main character is Socrates. It is generally accepted that the Republic belongs to the dialogues of Plato's middle period." In the book described in the quotation, the book's author states that in an ideal state, ultimate authority should rest with
philosophers
system of ideas
philosophy
simple drawings that look like the objects they represent
pictographs
raised area of land
plateau
raised area of level land
plateau
a members of the class that included farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
plebeian
Who could veto laws?
plebeians
city-state in ancient Greece
polis
The belief in many gods
polytheistic
The following text describes the goddess Isis. Which term best describes the religion she embodies? As mourner, she was a principal deity in rites connected with the dead; as magical healer, she cured the sick and brought the deceased to life; and as mother, she was a role model for all women.
polytheistic
What does this paragraph do? "If a man has destroyed the eye of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall destroy his eye. If he has broken a gentleman's bone, they shall break his bone. If he has destroyed the eye of a commoner or broken a bone of a commoner, he shall pay one mina of silver. If he has destroyed the eye of a gentleman's slave, he shall pay half the slave's price. If a gentleman's slave strikes the cheek of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall cut off [the slave's] ear. . . ." —The Code of Hammurabi
replace private vengeance with public law in Babylon
system of government in which officials are chosen by the people
republic
art of skillful speaking
rhetoric
The style of this sculpture is an example of ______.
roman realism
the exact dates of King _ birth and death are unknown, but according to Sumerian historians, he reigned from 2334 BC to 2279 BC he is known for creating the first empire in Mesopotamia
sargon
This quotation that attacks human folly is best described as an example of ______. "This is a fault common to all singers, that among their friends they never are inclined to sing when they are asked, but unasked, they never desist." —Horace
satire
A _ refers to a person specially trained to read, write, and keep records in ancient civilizations
scribe
specially trained people who can read, write, and record information
scribes
A subgroup of a major religious group
sect
The Neolithic Revolution was characterized by
settled farming
the Neolithic Revolution was characterized by
settled farming
altar, chapel, or other sacred place
shrine
city-state in ancient Greece settled by the Dorians and built as a military state
sparta
This tall stone Mayan sculptures of a kings, priests, and gods are known as a
stela
Less fertile land, or dry grassland
steppes
a fixed salary given to public office holders
stipend
narrow water passage
strait
By establishing a single Persian coinage, what was Darius able to create?
stronger trade and economic links among his far-flung subjects
large landmass that juts out from a continent
subcontinent
Ancient public buildings called, Ziggurats, would most likely have been built to honor
sumerian gods and goddesses
Ancient public buildings, such as ziggurats, would most likely have been built to honor _
sumerian gods and goddesses
Ancient public buildings, such as ziggurats, would most likely have been built to honor
sumerian gods, goddesses
The early Christian Church developed into a hierarchy, an organization ______.
that arranges officials according to rank
This quotation reflects a widespread Roman attitude toward Carthage following ______. "Carthage must be destroyed." —Cato, Roman Senator
the Second Punic War
Which reason correctly explains increased Tamil trade with China?
the decline of the Roman Empire
Which phrase correctly describes the Hellenistic philosophy of Stoicism expressed in this quotation? "If you are distressed by anything external, the pain is not due to the thing itself, but to your estimate of it; and this you have the power to revoke at any moment." —Marcus Aurelius, Meditations
the importance of duty and acceptance of one's fate
Which concept is a feature of both ancient Roman law and our own?
the right of the accused to face the accuser
The term diaspora is most directly linked to what aspect of Judaism?
the spread of judaism
The two groups of people Cicero refers to in the quotation are _______. "For, you see, the death of Tiberius Gracchus and indeed earlier the whole conduct of his tribunate divided one people into two parts." —Marcus Tullius Cicero, Roman statesman and philosopher
the wealthy and the poor
Rome's tolerant attitude toward religion did not extend to Christians because _______.
they refused to honor the emperor or the Roman gods
Which statement is true about the residences shown in this picture?
they were constructed on cliffs along canyon walls
why do people who practice Jainism carry brooms
to avoid killing any living thing
"If a man has destroyed the eye of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall destroy his eye. If he has broken a gentleman's bone, they shall break his bone. If he has destroyed the eye of a commoner or broken a bone of a commoner, he shall pay one mina of silver. If he has destroyed the eye of a gentleman's slave, he shall pay half the slave's price. If a gentleman's slave strikes the cheek of a man of the "gentleman" class, they shall cut off [the slave's] ear. . . ." —The Code of Hammurabi what does this paragraph want to achieve in Babylon?
to replace private vengeance with public law
What were the first clues to prehistoric life?
tools, fossils
Relies on custom and tradition and doesn't change over time
traditional economy
in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster
tragedy
a special regard for cattle
veneration
block a government action
veto
With these words, Julius Caesar boasted of _______. "Veni, vidi, vici"
victorious suppression of revolts around the Mediterranean
chief minister who supervised the business of government in ancient Egypt
vizier
The network of trade routes later called the Silk Road was opened up by the emperor _______
wudi
who advocated the philosophy of stoicism
zeno
These chinese coins, with the distinctive holes punched through them, date from the ________ period
zhou
Pyramid temples that soared towards the heavens and housed a shrine to a particular god.
ziggurat